Ensemble Coding

Ensemble coding, also known as ensemble perception or summary representation, is the ability to see the average of a group of objects or faces.

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Ensemble Coding Defined

In a 2018 Annual Review of Psychology, Whitney and Lieb provided an operational definition of ensemble coding.

"A flexible operational definition of ensemble coding should include the following five concepts:
Ensemble perception is the ability to discriminate or reproduce a statistical moment.

Ensemble perception requires the integration of multiple items.

Ensemble information at each level of representation can be precise relative to the processing of single objects at that level.

Single-item recognition is not a prerequisite for ensemble coding.

Ensemble representations can be extracted with a temporal resolution at or beyond the temporal resolution of individual object recognition.” ^[2]

Historical Context

Vision Scientists have expressed interest in how people perceive groups of objects for quite some time. This interest has developed from low-level perceptual processes to high-level perceptual processes spanning multiple disciplines.

Opposing Theories

Some research in vision science has noted that although humans take in large amounts of visual information, adults are only able to process, attend to, and hold in memory up to about four items from the visual environment. ^[3] ^[4] These findings are inconsistent with the theory of ensemble coding.

Non-Social Ensemble Coding

Low-Level Perception

Vision Science

Social Ensemble Coding

High-Level Perception

History

Social Vision of groups and social categorization

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^ Haberman, Jason; Whitney, David (2012-05-24), Wolfe, Jeremy; Robertson, Lynn (eds.), "Ensemble Perception", From Perception to Consciousness, Oxford University Press, pp. 339–349, doi:10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199734337.003.0030, ISBN 978-0-19-973433-7, retrieved 2019-11-24
^ Whitney, David; Yamanashi Leib, Allison (2018). "Ensemble Perception". Annual Review of Psychology. 69 (1): 105–129. doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-010416-044232. PMID 28892638.
^ Alvarez, G.A.; Cavanagh, P. (2004-02). "The Capacity of Visual Short-Term Memory is Set Both by Visual Information Load and by Number of Objects". Psychological Science. 15 (2): 106–111. doi:10.1111/j.0963-7214.2004.01502006.x. ISSN 0956-7976. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
^ Luck, Steven J.; Vogel, Edward K. (1997-11). "The capacity of visual working memory for features and conjunctions". Nature. 390 (6657): 279–281. doi:10.1038/36846. ISSN 1476-4687. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

[1] Haberman, Jason; Whitney, David (2012-05-24), Wolfe, Jeremy; Robertson, Lynn (eds.), "Ensemble Perception", From Perception to Consciousness, Oxford University Press, pp. 339–349, doi:10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199734337.003.0030, ISBN 978-0-19-973433-7, retrieved 2019-11-24

[:0-2] Whitney, David; Yamanashi Leib, Allison (2018). "Ensemble Perception". Annual Review of Psychology. 69 (1): 105–129. doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-010416-044232. PMID 28892638.

[3] Alvarez, G.A.; Cavanagh, P. (2004-02). "The Capacity of Visual Short-Term Memory is Set Both by Visual Information Load and by Number of Objects". Psychological Science. 15 (2): 106–111. doi:10.1111/j.0963-7214.2004.01502006.x. ISSN 0956-7976. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

[4] Luck, Steven J.; Vogel, Edward K. (1997-11). "The capacity of visual working memory for features and conjunctions". Nature. 390 (6657): 279–281. doi:10.1038/36846. ISSN 1476-4687. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

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