The following events in athletics (track and field) that took place in 2006.
- 2006 African Championships in Athletics
- Athletics at the 2006 Central American and Caribbean Games
- Athletics at the 2006 Commonwealth Games
- 2006 IAAF World Cross Country Championships
- 2006 European Championships in Athletics
- 2006 IAAF World Indoor Championships
- Athletics at the 2006 Lusophony Games
- 2006 IAAF World Athletics Final
- 2006 IAAF World Cup
- 2006 World Junior Championships in Athletics
- 2006 IAAF World Road Running Championships
World Records
The mens 100m was equalled twice by Asafa Powell.