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C/1900 O1 (Borrelly–Brooks)

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Comet Borrelly–Brooks, formal designation C/1900 O1, is a hyperbolic comet that was seen throughout the latter half of 1900.

C/1900 O1 (Borrelly–Brooks)
Comet Borrelly–Brooks photographed by H. K. Palmer on 31 July 1900[1]
Discovery
Discovered byAlphonse Borrelly
William R. Brooks
Discovery date23 July 1900
Designations
1900 II, 1900b[2]
Orbital characteristics[3]
Epoch15 August 1900 (JD 2415246.5)
Observation arc94 days
Number of
observations		121
Perihelion1.015 AU
Eccentricity1.00032
Orbital period~66,000 years (inbound)
Inclination62.533°
329.41°
Argument of
periapsis		12.423°
Last perihelion3 August 1900
Earth MOID0.0154 AU
Jupiter MOID3.0621 AU
Physical characteristics[4][5]
Mean radius
0.598 km (0.372 mi)[a]
Comet total
magnitude (M1)		8.64
5.0
(1900 apparition)

Discovery and observations

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French astronomer Alphonse Borrelly was the first person to discover the comet on the early morning of 24 July 1900, while William Robert Brooks independently spotted the same comet about 15 minutes later.[5] They reported the comet as a 9th-magnitude object with a short tail located within the constellation Aries.[b] A day later, H. K. Palmer started to take a series of photographs of the comet itself for the remainder of the month.[1]

Robert G. Aitken was the last astronomer to observe Comet Borrelly–Brooks as it faded to a 15th-magnitude object within the constellation Ursa Minor on 23 December 1900.[6]

Orbit

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Charles D. Perrine and others calculated the first parabolic trajectory of the comet, concluding that it reached perihelion on 3 August 1900.[7] In 1903, Manuel de Simas later revised it to a hyperbolic trajectory.[8] J. M. Poor found that the comet had accelerated during its inbound flight to the Sun in 1900,[9] with Brian G. Marsden and Ichiro Hasegawa later calculating this original trajectory had an orbital period of 66,000 years before it was ejected from the Solar System.[5]

A 2022 study calculated that Borrelly–Brooks has a minimum orbit intersection distance of approximately 0.045 AU (6.7 million km) with 225088 Gonggong.[10]

Possible meteor shower

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Due to the comet's very small minimum orbit intersection distance with Earth, around 0.015 AU (2.2 million km) away, it is theorized that this comet is a potential parent body of a meteor shower that should appear 21 August of each year from a radiant in the direction of the constellation Hydrus.[11] However, no associated meteor shower has yet been found.

References

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Notes

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  1. ^ Calculated mean radius using the formula:  [4]
    Where   is the comet's absolute total magnitude (M1)
  2. ^ Reported initial position upon discovery was: α = 2h 43.3m , δ = 11° 51′[5]

Citations

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  1. ^ a b H. K. Palmer (1901). "Photographic Observations of Comet II, 1900 (Borrelly–Brooks)" (PDF). Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 13 (78): 48–51. Bibcode:1901PASP...13...48P. doi:10.1086/121418. JSTOR 40671436.
  2. ^ "Comet Names and Designations". International Comet Quarterly. Retrieved 3 January 2025.
  3. ^ "C/1900 O1 (Borrelly–Brooks) – JPL Small-Body Database Lookup". ssd.jpl.nasa.gov. Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 24 November 2023.
  4. ^ a b J. A. Fernández; A. Sosa (2012). "Magnitude and size distribution of long-period comets in Earth-crossing or approaching orbits". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 423 (2): 1674–1690. arXiv:1204.2285. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.20989.x.
  5. ^ a b c d G. W. Kronk (2007). Cometography: A Catalog of Comets. Vol. 3: 1900–1932. Cambridge University Press. pp. 3–8. ISBN 978-0-521-58506-4.
  6. ^ R. G. Aitken (1901). "Observations of Comet 1900b". Astronomical Journal. 21 (490): 80. Bibcode:1901AJ.....21...80A. doi:10.1086/103261.
  7. ^ R. T. Crawford; C. D. Perrine (1900). "Comet b, 1900 (Borrelly–Brooks)" (PDF). Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 12 (75): 204. JSTOR 40668090.
  8. ^ M. De Simas (1903). Definitive Orbit Elements of Comet 1900 II. Astronomische Nachrichten. ISBN 978-1-247-73236-7. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
  9. ^ J. M. Poor (1903). "Orbit of Comet 1900 II". Astronomical Journal. 23 (548): 183–188. Bibcode:1903AJ.....23..183P. doi:10.1086/103509.
  10. ^ S. Nabiyev; J. Yalim; A. Guliyev; R. Guliyev (2022). "Hyperbolic Comets as an Indicator of a Hypothetical Planet 9 in the Solar System". Advances in Space Research. 69 (8): 3182–3203. Bibcode:2022AdSpR..69.3182N. doi:10.1016/j.asr.2022.02.001.
  11. ^ M. Davidson (1920). "Cometary Radiant Points, 1875–1920" (PDF). Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 80 (8): 739–741. Bibcode:1920MNRAS..80..739D. doi:10.1093/mnras/80.8.739.
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