File:IPA-euler-manners-features.svg

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Summary

Description

English: An Euler diagram illustrating common pulmonic speech sounds, represented in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA), and their manners of articulation, and a typical classification of them based on distinctive phonological features. Symbols are hard-coded in the Charis SIL font. Laryngeal sounds are not included because descriptions of their manners of articulation vary. Sources for the classification include Zsiga (2013), Gussenhoven & Jacobs (2011) and Ladefoged & Maddison (1996). Actual usage of the terms and symbols in literature varies greatly depending on language and author. The diagram uses phonetic symbols as defined in the IPA chart, which literature does not always do: particularly the symbols for voiced non-sibilant fricatives are often used to represent homorganic approximants; ⟨r⟩ is often used to represent any rhotic (or any liquid) when there is no contrasting rhotic (liquid). All non-obstruents (including vowels) are sonorants. All non-vocoids are contoids ([+consonantal]). All non-vowels are consonants ([−syllabic]). Taps/flaps are sometimes deemed continuant. Laterals are sometimes deemed not continuant. Plosives are often referred to as (oral) stops. Semivowels are often referred to as glides.

Bahasa Indonesia: Diagram Euler yang melambangkan suara pelafalan tekanan paru-paru yang mudah ditemui. Pelambangan suara tersebut dilambangkan dengan Alfabet Fonetik Internasional (IPA/AFI), dengan keterangan mengenai daerah artikulasi, dan klasifikasi tipikal menurut perbedaan fitur fonologikal. Simbol yang tertera dikodekan dalam fon haris SIL. Suara-suara laringal tidak tercantum dikarenakan daerah artikulasinya dikatakan sangat beragam. Sumber untuk klasifikasi sebagai berikut: Zsiga (2013), Gussenhoven & Jacobs (2011), dan Ladefoged & Maddison (1996). Penggunaan simbol dan istilah dilapangan terkadang beragam, tergantung dengan bahasa dan penerbit/penulis. Diagram diatas menggubakan simbol fonetik yang tercantum di dalam bagan IPA/AFI. Simbol tersebut terkadang tidak digunakan selaras dalam beberapa bacaan: misalkan, simbol untuk konsonan geser nirdesis bersuara terkadang digunakan untuk melambangkan konsonan hampiran homorganik, ⟨r⟩ seringkali digunakan untuk melambangkan hampir s emua fonem rhotik (dan likuida), ataupun saat tidak adanya fonem rhotik yang kontras satu sama lainnya (likuida). Semua fonem nirobstruen (termasuk vokal) digolongkan sebagai sonoran. Semua fonem nirvokoid digolongkan sebagai konsoid ([+konsonantal]). Semua fonem nirvokal digolongkan sebagai konsonan ([−suku kata/silabik). Kepakan terkadang dianggap sebagai fonem berkelanjutan, sedangkan sisian dianggap sebagai fonem tak berkelanjutan. Letupan biasanya juga disebut sebagai hentian (oral/mulut). Semivokal biasanya disebut sebagai glida ataupun glides.

Date 2018

Source Own work

Author Nardog

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File history

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	Date/Time	Dimensions	User	Comment
current	10:59, 18 December 2022	654 × 686 (175 KB)	Nyilvoskt	File uploaded using svgtranslate tool (https://svgtranslate.toolforge.org/). Added translation for id.
	23:04, 25 August 2020	654 × 686 (171 KB)	Nardog	minor adjustment
	22:25, 25 August 2020	654 × 686 (171 KB)	Nardog	fix
	20:05, 25 August 2020	654 × 686 (171 KB)	Nardog	continuant fix, adjustments
	14:59, 23 August 2020	654 × 686 (172 KB)	Nardog	classification of [ʍ] as an approximant is controversial at best
	02:56, 2 January 2018	654 × 686 (174 KB)	Nardog	=={{int:filedesc}}== {{Information \|description={{en\|1=An Euler diagram illustrating common pulmonic speech sounds, represented by the w:International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA), and their manners of articulation, and a t...