Hybrid navigation is the simultaneous use of more than one navigation system for ___location data determination, needed for navigation. By using multiple systems at once, the accuracy as a whole is improved. It also allows for a more reliable navigation system, as if one system fails, the other can kick in and provide accurate navigation for the user. [1] Especially for self-driving cars, the exact and continuous knowledge of the navigating object's ___location is essential.[2]
Function
editGPS and other satellite based systems (GLONASS, GALILEO, BEIDOU, QZSS) provide a way to learn one's ___location, but these methods require free field conditions in order to receive the radio signal. Various satellite systems are subject to switching-off or reduction of data precision by the company or government that runs them.[3] They are also prone to intentional or unintentional disturbances. Even passing through a tunnel or a garage interrupts the data flow. In situations where the signal cannot be received reliably, alternate sources of ___location data are needed. Combining GPS with other methods can avoid these limitations, but each method has its own specific limitations. A hybrid system provides fault tolerance for each underlying method and improves the overall precision of the result.[4]
The hybrid system needs to decide how to choose among the different methods at any given time. One solution is a triple configuration, allowing 'result voting' for data collecting systems.[3][5]
Alternate systems that supply navigational data include:
- Beacons providing radio- or infrared based signals.
- Inertial navigation systems. This system determines ___location by summing the movement vectors from start of the trip or some other waypoint whose ___location is well-defined.[6]
- Incremental sensors. This system uses vehicle speed data supplied by a Fleet Management System.[7]
- Differential GPS. This system uses terrestrial radio transmitters with well-defined locations that broadcast information about how accurate the GPS signals are at identifying the locations of these transmitters.[8]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Rizos, C, Grejner-Brzezinska, DA, Toth, CK, Dempster, AG, Li, Y, Politi, N, Barnes, J, Sun, H (2008). A hybrid system for navigation in GPS-challenged environments: case study. Institute of Navigation (ION). OCLC 1056492868.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Friedhelm Greis (2015-09-02). golem (ed.). "AUTONOMES FAHREN: Wer hat die besten Karten?" (in German). Retrieved 2016-07-17.
- ^ a b Bestmann, vonWulfen, Hecker, Kneissl, Kropp (August 2010). "Aviation Applications: Hybrid Navigation Techniques and Safety-of-Life Requirements". Archived from the original on 2016-07-17. Retrieved 2016-07-17.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ "HIGHLY AUTOMATED DRIVING (HAD) MAPS FOR AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES". Retrieved 2016-07-18.
- ^ Johannes Jahn (1997). "Optimality Conditions in Set Valued Vector Optimation". In Günter Fandel; Tomas Gal, Thomas Hanne (eds.). Multiple criteria decision making : proceedings of the Twelfth International Conference. New York: Springer-Verlag. p. 22.
- ^ Leendert Dorst (2011-01-27). Hydro International (ed.). "How Does Inertial Navigation Work?". Retrieved 2016-07-16.
- ^ Stanley K. Honey (1985-04-02). "NAV85 Papers" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2016-07-17.
- ^ Brooks Goodhue (2011-05-09). "What is DGPS or Differential GPS?". Retrieved 2016-07-16.
External links
edit- Homepage of 'Deutschen Gesellschaft für Ortung und Navigation (DGON)'
- Wildau Video[permanent dead link]
