Launch Complex 15 (LC-15) is an inactive launch pad located at Cape Canaveral Space Force Station in Florida. One of the eight pads that comprises Missile Row, it was originally built for and used by ICBM tests for the HGM-25A Titan I and LGM-25C Titan II programs throughout the early 1960s. Additionally, it was leased out to ABL Space Systems in order to support launches of their RS1 rocket.[1]
 LC-15 in July 1962, during a test launch of the LGM-25C Titan II | |||||||||||
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| Launch site | Cape Canaveral Space Force Station | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Location | 28°29′47″N 80°32′57″W / 28.4963°N 80.5493°W | ||||||||||
| Time zone | UTC−05:00 (EST) | ||||||||||
• Summer (DST) | UTC−04:00 (EDT) | ||||||||||
| Short name | LC-15 | ||||||||||
| Operator | United States Space Force | ||||||||||
| Total launches | 26 | ||||||||||
| Launch pad(s) | 1 | ||||||||||
| Orbital inclination range | 28° – 57° | ||||||||||
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Following ABL's shift away from private spaceflight and renaming to Long Wall, the current status of LC-15 is not known.[2]
History
editLaunch Complex 15 originally broke ground in 1957, as part of an expansion by the United States Air Force to Missile Row, which would give it the ability to launch the HGM-25A Titan I alongside the four existing SM-65 Atlas pads.[3] LC-15 was built as the southernmost of the four Titan pads of the subsection, joined by LC-16, LC-19, and LC-20 to the north. The pad's construction saw its completion in summer 1958, and hosted its inaugural launch with the Titan I's maiden flight on February 6, 1959.[4] In this initial configuration, LC-15 hosted ten Titan I launches, all of them successful and being used for testing reentry vehicles as well as the missile itself.[5]
Following the last of the Titan I launches in September 1960, LC-15 underwent conversion to support the Titan I's successor, the LGM-25C Titan II.[4] Among the changes made was the replacing of fueling from the RP-1 and liquid oxygen used by the Titan I to the hypergolic propellants used by the Titan II. The first of these launches in this new configuration was made on June 7, 1962, and the pad subsequently saw a total of 16 suborbital launches throughout the following three years. One noteworthy launch from LC-15 during this era was on February 6, 1963, which featured the first all-Air Force-personnel launch of a Titan rocket, as well as being the heaviest payload ever to fly on a missile from the Eastern Range.[4][5] The final Titan II launch to occur from the pad was conducted on April 9, 1964; following this, LC-15 remained semi-active until its official decommissioning in March 1967, with structures such as the blockhouse being used as office space by NASA. Later in the year, the pad was dismantled and the launch tower was sold for scraps.
For the next 50 years, LC-15 remained untouched and was abandoned in place. Structures such as the launch table and ramp remained standing, as did the blockhouse until it was demolished in 2012.[4] On March 7, 2023, the United States Space Force leased the pad to ABL Space Systems as part of a reactivation campaign made in the wake of the NewSpace boom of the 2010s, with the official announcement being made alongside the leasing of Launch Complex 14 (LC-14) to Stoke Space and Launch Complex 13 (LC-13) to Phantom Space and Vaya Space.[1] The same day, ABL announced that they planned to use LC-15 for the RS1 rocket, which was at the time being launched from the Pacific Spaceport Complex on Alaska's Kodiak Island. As the pad at the time of leasing was a brownfield for the past half-century, they also clarified that the rocket would temporarily make launches from Space Launch Complex 46 (SLC-46) while the LC-15 infrastructure was being built.[6]
In October 2024, following the accidental destruction of an RS1 to be used in the second flight, ABL announced that they would be leaving the commercial launch market in favor of perusing missile defense.[7] This was made official the next year, when they rebranded themselves as Long Wall, announcing that they will convert the RS1 into a target missile named the RSX.[2] It remains unknown what is to become of LC-15 as part of this change; although official Space Force documents continue to reference the pad as being leased by ABL, the limited pad availability at Cape Canaveral may entail that Space Launch Delta 45 is willing to lease it to another launch company.[8]
Launch statistics
editAll launches operated by the United States Air Force.
| No. | Date | Time (UTC) | Launch vehicle | Payload | Result | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 6 February 1959 | 21:22 | HGM-25A Titan I | Suborbital test | Success | Maiden flight of the Titan I and of the Titan rocket family. Carried a boilerplate second stage. |
| 2 | 25 February 1959 | 19:45 | HGM-25A Titan I | Suborbital test | Success | Carried a boilerplate second stage. |
| 3 | 3 April 1959 | 17:11 | HGM-25A Titan I | Suborbital test | Success | Carried a boilerplate second stage. |
| 4 | 4 May 1959 | 18:30 | HGM-25A Titan I | Suborbital test | Success | Carried a boilerplate second stage. |
| 5 | 24 February 1960 | Unknown | HGM-25A Titan I | Suborbital test | Success | |
| 6 | 22 March 1960 | Unknown | HGM-25A Titan I | Suborbital test | Success | |
| 7 | 21 April 1960 | 21:55 | HGM-25A Titan I | Suborbital test | Success | |
| 8 | 13 May 1960 | 21:25 | HGM-25A Titan I | Suborbital test | Success | |
| 9 | 24 June 1960 | Unknown | HGM-25A Titan I | Suborbital test | Success | |
| 10 | 29 September 1960 | 14:20 | HGM-25A Titan I | Suborbital test | Success | Final Titan I launch from LC-15. |
| 11 | 7 June 1962 | 18:21 | LGM-25C Titan II | Suborbital test | Success | First Titan II launch from LC-15. |
| 12 | 11 July 1962 | 18:51 | LGM-25C Titan II | Suborbital test | Success | |
| 13 | 12 September 1962 | 15:50 | LGM-25C Titan II | Suborbital test | Success | |
| 14 | 26 October 1962 | 17:05 | LGM-25C Titan II | Suborbital test | Success | |
| 15 | 19 December 1962 | 20:08 | LGM-25C Titan II | Suborbital test | Success | |
| 16 | 6 February 1963 | 17:59 | LGM-25C Titan II | Suborbital test | Success | |
| 17 | 21 March 1963 | 15:23 | LGM-25C Titan II | Suborbital test | Success | |
| 18 | 19 April 1963 | Unknown | LGM-25C Titan II | Suborbital test | Success | |
| 19 | 24 May 1963 | 17:33 | LGM-25C Titan II | Suborbital test | Success | |
| 20 | 21 August 1963 | 23:23 | LGM-25C Titan II | Suborbital test | Success | Experiment flight, testing the Gemini Malfunction Detection System. |
| 21 | 1 November 1963 | 20:15 | LGM-25C Titan II | Suborbital test | Success | Experiment flight, testing the Gemini Malfunction Detection System and attempting to limit pogo oscillation. |
| 22 | 12 December 1963 | 20:00 | LGM-25C Titan II | Suborbital test | Success | Experiment flight, testing the Gemini Malfunction Detection System and attempting to limit pogo oscillation. |
| 23 | 15 January 1964 | Unknown | LGM-25C Titan II | Suborbital test | Success | Experiment flight, testing the Gemini Malfunction Detection System and attempting to limit pogo oscillation. |
| 24 | 26 February 1964 | 20:15 | LGM-25C Titan II | Suborbital test | Success | |
| 25 | 24 March 1964 | 01:42 | LGM-25C Titan II | Suborbital test | Success | Experiment flight, testing the Gemini Malfunction Detection System. |
| 26 | 9 April 1964 | 20:00 | LGM-25C Titan II | Suborbital test | Success | Final Titan launch from LC-15. Most recent launch from LC-15. |
References
edit- ^ a b @TGMetsFan98 (March 7, 2023). "The US Space Force and @SLDelta45 have newly allocated three launch pads to four companies: SLC-15 (former Titan pad) to ABL Space Systems; SLC-14 (former Atlas pad) to Stoke Space; SLC-13 to Phantom Space and Vaya Spac. Interestingly, SLC-13 is currently LZ-1 and 2" (Tweet). Retrieved March 28, 2023 – via Twitter.
- ^ a b Erwin, Sandra (February 21, 2025). "ABL Space renamed Long Wall as it shifts focus to defense market". SpaceNews. Retrieved February 21, 2025.
- ^ "LAUNCH COMPLEX 15 FACT SHEET | Spaceline". Retrieved April 5, 2025.
- ^ a b c d "Cape Canaveral Space Force Museum". ccspacemuseum.org. Retrieved April 5, 2025.
- ^ a b "Cape Canaveral LC15". www.astronautix.com. Retrieved April 5, 2025.
- ^ @ablspacesystems (March 7, 2023). "We'll use SLC-46 beginning later this year to serve our near-term customer manifest while SLC-15 activation work is completed" (Tweet). Retrieved February 15, 2025 – via Twitter.
- ^ Berger, Eric (November 15, 2024). "As ABL Space departs launch, the 1-ton rocket wars have a clear winner". Ars Technica. Retrieved February 15, 2025.
- ^ Federal Aviation Administration; United States Space Force (March 2025). "Draft Environmental Assessment SpaceX Falcon 9 Operations at Space Launch Complex 40, Cape Canaveral Space Force Station, Florida". faa.gov. Retrieved April 5, 2025.