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'{{multiple issues|{{refimprove|date=December 2012}}{{Cleanup-rewrite|date=May 2009}}}} '''Web development''' is a broad term for the work involved in developing a [[web site]] for the [[Internet]] ([[World Wide Web]]) or an [[intranet]] (a private network). Web development can range from developing the simplest static single page of [[plain text]] to the most complex web-based [[internet application]]s, [[electronic business]]es, and [[social network service]]s. A more comprehensive list of tasks to which web development commonly refers, may include [[web engineering]], [[web design]], [[web content development]], client liaison, [[client-side scripting|client-side]]/[[server-side scripting|server-side]] [[computer programming|scripting]], [[web server]] and [[network security]] configuration, and [[e-commerce]] development. Among web professionals, "web development" usually refers to the main non-design aspects of building web sites: writing [[Markup language|markup]] and [[Computer programming|coding]]. Most recently Web development has come to mean the creation of [[Content management system|content management systems]] or CMS. These CMS can be made from scratch, proprietary or open source. In broad terms the CMS acts as middleware between the database and the user through the browser. A principle benefit of a CMS is that it allows non-technical people to make changes to their web site without having technical knowledge.<ref>[[Content management system]]</ref> For larger organizations and businesses, web development teams can consist of hundreds of people ([[web developer]]s) and follow standard methods like [[Agile software development|Agile methodologies]] while developing websites. Smaller organizations may only require a single permanent or contracting developer, or secondary assignment to related job positions such as a [[graphic designer]] and/or [[information systems]] technician. Web development may be a collaborative effort between departments rather than the ___domain of a designated department. ==Web development as an industry== {{refimprove|section|date=May 2015}} Since the [[History of the World Wide Web#1996–1998: Commercialization of the WWW|commercialization of the web]], web development has been a growing [[industry]]. The growth of this industry is being driven by businesses wishing to use their website to sell products and services to customers.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.bls.gov/oes/2011/may/oes151179.htm | title=Information Security Analysts, Web Developers, and Computer Network Architects | author=Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor | work=Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2012-13 Edition | accessdate=2013-01-17 }}</ref> There is [[open source]] software for web development like [[Berkeley DB|BerkeleyDB]], [[GlassFish]], [[LAMP (software bundle)|LAMP]] ([[Linux]], [[Apache HTTP Server|Apache]], [[MySQL]], [[PHP]]) stack and [[Plack|Perl/Plack]]. This has kept the cost of learning web development to a minimum. Another contributing factor to the growth of the industry has been the rise of easy-to-use [[WYSIWYG]] web-development software, such as [[Adobe Dreamweaver]], [[BlueGriffon]] and [[Microsoft Visual Studio]]. Knowledge of [[HTML|HyperText Markup Language]] ([[HTML]]) or of programming languages is still required to use such software, but the basics can be learned and implemented quickly with the help of help files, technical books, internet tutorials, or face-to-face training. An ever growing set of tools and technologies have helped developers build more dynamic and interactive websites. Further, web developers now help to deliver applications as web services which were traditionally only available as applications on a desk-based computer. This has allowed for many opportunities to decentralize information and media distribution. Examples can be seen with the rise of [[Cloud computing|cloud]] services such as [[Adobe Creative Cloud]], [[Dropbox (service)|Dropbox]] and [[Google Docs, Sheets, and Slides|Google Docs]]. These web services allow users to interact with applications from many locations, instead of being tied to a specific workstation for their application environment. Examples of dramatic transformation in communication and commerce led by web development include e-commerce. Online auction-sites such as [[eBay]] have changed the way consumers find and purchase goods and services. Online retailers such as [[Amazon.com]] and [[Buy.com]] (among many others) have transformed the shopping and bargain-hunting experience for many consumers. Another good example of transformative communication led by web development is the [[blog]]. Web applications such as [[WordPress]] and [[Movable Type]] have created easily implemented blog-environments for individual web sites. The popularity of open-source [[content management systems]] such as [[Joomla!]], [[Drupal]], [[XOOPS]], and [[TYPO3]] and [[enterprise content management]] systems such as [[Alfresco (software)|Alfresco]] and [[eXo Platform]] have extended web development's impact at online interaction and communication. Web development has also impacted personal networking and marketing. Websites are no longer simply tools for work or for [[commerce]], but serve more broadly for communication and [[social networking]]. Websites such as [[Facebook]] and [[Twitter]] provide users with a platform to communicate and organizations with a more personal and interactive way to engage the public. ==Practical web development== ===Basic=== In practice, many [[web developer]]s will have basic '''interdisciplinary''' skills / roles, including: * [[Graphic design]] / [[web design]] * [[Information architecture]] and [[copywriting]]/[[copyediting]] with web [[usability]], [[Web accessibility|accessibility]] and [[search engine optimization]] in mind * Mobile responsiveness The above list is a simple website development hierarchy and can be extended to include all client side and server side aspects. It is still important to remember that web development is generally split up into client side coding, covering aspects such as the layout and design, and server side coding, which covers the website's functionality and back-end systems. ===Testing=== {{Main|Software Testing}} Testing is the process of evaluating a system or its component(s) with the intent to find whether it satisfies the specified requirements or not. Testing is executing a system in order to identify any gaps, errors, or missing requirements in contrary to the actual requirements The extent of testing varies greatly between organizations, developers, and individual sites or applications. ==Security considerations== ''Web development'' takes into account many security considerations, such as data entry error checking through forms, filtering output, and encryption. Malicious practices such as [[SQL injection]] can be executed by users with ill intent yet with only primitive knowledge of web development as a whole. Scripts can be used to exploit websites by granting unauthorized access to malicious users that try to collect information such as email addresses, passwords and protected content like credit card numbers. Some of this is dependent on the server environment on which the scripting language, such as [[Active Server Pages|ASP]], [[JavaServer Pages|JSP]], [[Perl]], [[PHP]], [[Python (programming language)|Python]] [[Perl|or]] [[Ruby (programming language)|Ruby]] is running, and therefore is not necessarily down to the web developer themselves to maintain. However, stringent testing of web applications before public release is encouraged to prevent such exploits from occurring. If some contact form is provided in a website it should include a captcha field in it which prevents computer programs from automatically filling forms and also mail spamming. Keeping a web server safe from intrusion is often called ''Server Port Hardening''. Many technologies come into play to keep information on the internet safe when it is transmitted from one ___location to another. For instance [[Transport Layer Security|TLS certificate]]s (or "SSL certificates") are issued by certificate authorities to help prevent [[internet fraud]]. Many developers often employ different forms of [[encryption]] when transmitting and storing sensitive information. A basic understanding of [[information technology]] security concerns is often part of a web developer's knowledge. Because new security holes are found in web applications even after testing and launch, security patch updates are frequent for widely used applications. It is often the job of web developers to keep applications up to date as security patches are released and new security concerns are discovered. ==See also== * [[http://www.cwstechnology.com/blog/our-4-step-process-for-complete-website-development/ 4 Step Process for Complete Website Development]] *[[Web design]] *[[Web development tools]] *[[Web application development]] *[[Web developers]] [[File:Example.jpg|thumb]] ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Web development| ]]'