Examine individual changes

'{{article issues|article=yes|advert=February 2010|coi=February 2010}} {{infobox OS | logo = [[Image:Turnkey-logo-blue-website.png]] | screenshot = | family = [[Linux]] | source_model = [[Open source]] | kernel_type = [[Monolithic kernel|Monolithic]] ([[Linux kernel|Linux]]) | license = [[Free software]] licenses | working_state = Current | website = [http://www.turnkeylinux.org/ www.turnkeylinux.org] | supported_platforms = [[IA-32]] | updatemodel = [[Advanced Packaging Tool|APT]] | package_manager = [[dpkg]] }} The '''Turnkey Linux Virtual Appliance Library''' is an [[open source]] project developing a free [[virtual appliance]] library of pre-packaged servers based on [[Ubuntu (operating system)|Ubuntu]] that deploy on bare metal, a [[virtual machine]], and in [[Cloud computing|cloud computing infrastructure]]. == Features == Each [[virtual appliance]] is a ready-to-use solution that's optimized for ease of use in server-type usage scenarios.<ref name="TurnKeySoftwareAppliances">{{cite web | title = Software Appliance | work = TurnKey Linux | url = http://www.turnkeylinux.org/ | accessdate = March 23, 2009 }}</ref> Each appliance is designed to "just work" with little to no configuration required. The project currently maintains 40 virtual appliances, which are packaged in multiple build formats: # '''[[Amazon Machine Image]]''': provisioned on-demand via the [[Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud]]. # '''[[Virtual appliance]]''': a ready-to-run [[VMDK]] [[disk image]] with [[Open Virtualization Format|OVF]] support. Does not require installation. # '''[[Live CD|Installable Live CD]]''': an [[ISO image]] which installs on both bare metal (I.e., a non-virtualized physical machine) and [[virtual machines]], including [[VMware]], [[Xen]], [[VirtualBox]], and [[Kernel-based Virtual Machine|KVM]]. This image can also run [[Live CD|live]] in non-persistent ''demo mode''. Pre-integrated server applications include [[LAMP (software bundle)|LAMP]], [[Joomla]], [[Drupal]], [[WordPress]], [[MySQL]], [[MediaWiki]], [[Domain controller]], [[File server]], [[Ruby on Rails]], [[phpBB]], and many others. == History == Founded by engineers of an Israeli startup,<ref name="Scannell2009-03-10">{{cite news | last = Scannell | first = Ed | date = March 10, 2009 | title = TurnKey Linux Delivers Open Source Appliances | work = [[InformationWeek]] | url = http://www.informationweek.com/news/software/linux/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=215801604&subSection=Integration | accessdate = March 23, 2009 }}</ref> the project was conceived in mid-2008 as a community-oriented open source project that would focus on helping users piece together turnkey solutions from open source components in the largest Linux distributions. According to one of TurnKey Linux's co-founders, the project was in part inspired by a desire to provide open source alternatives to proprietary virtual appliance vendors that would be aligned with user interests and could engage the community.<ref name="Panettieri2009-03-12">{{cite news | last = Panettieri | first = Joe | date = March 12, 2009 | title = 12 Ubuntu Server Appliances Meet the Cloud | work = WorksWithU | url = http://www.workswithu.com/2009/03/12/12-ubuntu-server-appliances-meet-the-cloud/ | accessdate = March 23, 2009 }}</ref> In September 2008, the project released three prototype appliances for Drupal, Joomla and LAMP, based on the Ubuntu 8.04.1 build.<ref name="UbuntuWeeklyNewsletter108">{{cite journal | year = 2008 | title = TurnKey Linux: new project builds Ubuntu based Live CD appliances | journal = Ubuntu Weekly Newsletter | issue = 108 | url = https://wiki.ubuntu.com/UbuntuWeeklyNewsletter/Issue108#TurnKey%20Linux:%20new%20project%20builds%20Ubuntu%20based%20Live%20CD%20appliances | accessdate = March 23, 2009 }}</ref> Two months later, a usability focused batch of appliances was released in response to user feedback. In this release a new configuration console written for this purpose was added along with a web administration interface.<ref>{{cite web | date = October 19, 2008 | title = New releases feature dramatic usability improvements | publisher = Turnkey Linux | url = http://www.turnkeylinux.org/news/new-releases-feature-dramatic-usability-improvements | accessdate = March 23, 2009 }}</ref> In the following months more beta appliances were released, and by the end of February, 2009, the range included Ruby on Rails, MediaWiki and Django.<ref name="Fransen2009-02-25">{{cite news | last = Fransen | first = Matto | date = February 25, 2009 | title = Kant-en-klare open source bedrijfsapplicaties | work = Infoworld | url = http://www.infoworld.nl/web/Artikel/Kant-en-klare-open-source-bedrijfsapplicaties.htm | accessdate = March 23, 2009 }}</ref> In early March, 2009, TurnKey Linux released a new batch of appliances, 12 in total, re-engineered on top of a new TurnKey Core base.<ref name="Scannell2009-03-10" /> In October 2009, the project released new versions of 40 appliances based on Ubuntu 8.04.3 including 25 new additions to the virtual appliance library. The release included support for [[Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud]], and a new Virtual Machine image format with [[Open Virtualization Format|OVF]] support. TurnKey Linux was listed as a winner of the 2009 "Bossies" by [[InfoWorld]] as one of the "Top 40 open source products" of that year.<ref name="DineleyBorckMobley2009-08-31">{{cite news | last1 = Dineley | first1 = Doug | last2 = Borck | first2 = James R. | last3 = Mobley | first3 = High | date = August 31, 2009 | title = Best of Open Source Software Awards 2009 | work = [[InfoWorld]] | url = http://infoworld.com/d/open-source/best-open-source-software-awards-2009-628?page=0,2 | accessdate = 24 February 2010 }}</ref><ref>[http://infoworld.com/d/open-source/best-open-source-platforms-and-middleware-758&current=7&last=1#slideshowTop 2009 BOSSie for Open Source Platforms and Middleware, see Slide 7]</ref> == Design == TurnKey's virtual appliances are a series of "stripped down" versions of [[Ubuntu]].<ref name="Fransen2009-02-25" /> To this they add the TurnKey Core, which includes all the common features for the project's virtual appliances,<ref name="TurnKeyCore">{{cite web | title = TurnKey Linux Core - Common Base Appliance | work = TurnKey Linux | url = http://www.turnkeylinux.org/core | accessdate = March 23, 2009 }}</ref> including: * di-live: a live installer, derived from [[debian-installer]]. * A configuration console: developed in [[Python (programming language)|Python]] for the project to allow users to perform basic configuration tasks (for example, networking configuration, reboots) * An automatic mechanism that installs security patches on a daily basis. * Web administration interface based on [[Webmin]] which includes a selection of generic add-on control and configuration modules. The TurnKey Core has a footprint of approximately 110 MB, and is available as a separate download. Application software is installed on top of the Core, which typically increases the size of a virtual appliance up to approximately 160 MB.<ref name="LinuxDevices2009-03-09">{{cite news | date = March 9, 2009 | title = Open source server appliances ship | work = LinuxDevices.com | url = http://www.linuxdevices.com/news/NS9199443802.html | accessdate = March 23, 2009 }}</ref> By downloading and installing the appliance package to the hard drive, it is intended by the developers that administrators would gain an easy method of setting up a dedicated server.<ref name="Fransen2009-02-25" /> TurnKey's virtual appliances can be customized and extended using TKLPatch,<ref>[http://www.turnkeylinux.org/docs/tklpatch TKLPatch - a simple appliance customization mechanism]</ref> a simple appliance modification mechanism. New virtual appliances can be built as high-level patches to the closest starting point in the library. TurnKey Linux is designed to run as a [[virtual machine]] with [[VirtualBox]] and [[VMWare]], although the former has been described as having been provided with more documentation.<ref name="Proffitt2010-02-15">{{cite news | last = Proffitt | first = Brian | date = February 15, 2010 | title = Virtual Appliances Offer Fast Sandboxes, Production Environments | work = ITWorld | url = http://www.itworld.com/open-source/96666/virtual-appliances-offer-fast-sandboxes-production-environments | accessdate = 24 February 2010 }}</ref> == Screenshots == <gallery> Image:Confconsole0.9.4-1.jpg|Configuration console Image:Webmin-system_0.jpg|Web management interface - System overview Image:Webmin-mysql-fw.png|Web management interface - Firewall Image:Webshell1.jpg|AJAX web shell </gallery> == See also == * [[Virtual appliance]] * [[Software appliance]] * [[Live CD]] == References == {{refs}} == External links == * [http://www.turnkeylinux.org/ Project website] * [http://wiki.turnkeylinux.org/ Development wiki] {{Ubuntu-distro}} {{Linux distributions}} [[Category:Cloud infrastructure]] [[Category:Software appliances]] [[Category:Ubuntu (operating system) derivatives]] [[Category:Linux software]] [[Category:Free software]]'