Examine individual changes
This page allows you to examine the variables generated by the Edit Filter for an individual change.
Variables generated for this change
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
Edit count of the user (user_editcount) | 1 |
Name of the user account (user_name) | 'Bedram Aryal' |
Age of the user account (user_age) | 497 |
Groups (including implicit) the user is in (user_groups) | [
0 => '*',
1 => 'user'
] |
Rights that the user has (user_rights) | [
0 => 'createaccount',
1 => 'read',
2 => 'edit',
3 => 'createtalk',
4 => 'writeapi',
5 => 'viewmywatchlist',
6 => 'editmywatchlist',
7 => 'viewmyprivateinfo',
8 => 'editmyprivateinfo',
9 => 'editmyoptions',
10 => 'abusefilter-log-detail',
11 => 'centralauth-merge',
12 => 'abusefilter-view',
13 => 'abusefilter-log',
14 => 'vipsscaler-test',
15 => 'collectionsaveasuserpage',
16 => 'reupload-own',
17 => 'move-rootuserpages',
18 => 'createpage',
19 => 'minoredit',
20 => 'editmyusercss',
21 => 'editmyuserjson',
22 => 'editmyuserjs',
23 => 'purge',
24 => 'sendemail',
25 => 'applychangetags',
26 => 'spamblacklistlog',
27 => 'mwoauthmanagemygrants'
] |
Whether the user is editing from mobile app (user_app) | false |
Whether or not a user is editing through the mobile interface (user_mobile) | false |
Page ID (page_id) | 44926137 |
Page namespace (page_namespace) | 0 |
Page title without namespace (page_title) | 'React (JavaScript library)' |
Full page title (page_prefixedtitle) | 'React (JavaScript library)' |
Edit protection level of the page (page_restrictions_edit) | [] |
Last ten users to contribute to the page (page_recent_contributors) | [
0 => 'MrOllie',
1 => 'Fromaline',
2 => 'XLinkBot',
3 => '150.107.204.99',
4 => '182.76.250.38',
5 => 'Avigl',
6 => 'Rdp060707',
7 => '103.149.100.110',
8 => 'FozzieHey',
9 => '103.149.100.42'
] |
Page age in seconds (page_age) | 197565811 |
Action (action) | 'edit' |
Edit summary/reason (summary) | '/* External links */ ' |
Old content model (old_content_model) | 'wikitext' |
New content model (new_content_model) | 'wikitext' |
Old page wikitext, before the edit (old_wikitext) | '{{short description|JavaScript library for building user interfaces}}
{{merge from|React Fiber|discuss=Talk:React_(JavaScript_library)#Merger_proposal:_React_Fiber_to_React|date=March 2021}}
{{Infobox software
| name = React
| logo = React-icon.svg
| author = Jordan Walke
| developer = [[Facebook]] and community
| released = {{Start date and age|2013|5|29}}<ref name="initialrelease">{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GW0rj4sNH2w|last1=Occhino|first1=Tom|last2=Walke|first2=Jordan|title=JS Apps at Facebook|website=YouTube|access-date=22 Oct 2018}}</ref>
| latest release version = {{wikidata|property|reference|edit|P348}}
| latest release date = {{start date and age|{{wikidata|qualifier|P348|P577}}}}
| latest preview version =
| latest preview date = <!-- {{Start date and age|2016|04|7}}<ref name="ghrelease"/> -->
| programming language = [[JavaScript]]
| platform = [[Web platform]]
| genre = [[JavaScript library]]
| license = [[MIT License]]
}}
'''React''' (also known as '''React.js''' or '''ReactJS''') is an [[open-source]], [[Front end and back end|front end]], [[JavaScript library]]<ref name="react">{{Cite web|url= https://reactjs.org|title=React - A JavaScript library for building user interfaces.|website=React|access-date=7 April 2018}}</ref> for building [[user interfaces]] or UI components. It is maintained by [[Facebook]] and a community of individual developers and companies.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.infoworld.com/article/2608181/javascript/react--making-faster--smoother-uis-for-data-driven-web-apps.html |title=React: Making faster, smoother UIs for data-driven Web apps |last=Krill |first=Paul |date=May 15, 2014 |website=[[InfoWorld]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.infoq.com/news/2013/06/facebook-react |title=Facebook's React JavaScript User Interfaces Library Receives Mixed Reviews |last=Hemel |first=Zef |date=June 3, 2013 |website=InfoQ}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://thenewstack.io/javascripts-history-and-how-it-led-to-reactjs/ |title=JavaScript's History and How it Led To ReactJS |last=Dawson |first=Chris |date=July 25, 2014 |website=The New Stack}}</ref>
React can be used as a base in the development of [[single-page application|single-page]] or mobile applications. However, React is only concerned with state management and rendering that state to the [[Document Object Model|DOM]], so creating React applications usually requires the use of additional libraries for routing, as well as certain client-side functionality.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://medium.freecodecamp.org/integrating-create-react-app-redux-react-router-redux-observable-bootstrap-altogether-216db97e89a3|title=How to integrate create-react-app with all the libraries you need to make a great app|last=Dere|first=Mohan|date=2018-02-19|work=freeCodeCamp|access-date=2018-06-14}}</ref>
==Basic usage==
The following is a rudimentary example of React usage in HTML with [[React (JavaScript library)#JSX|JSX]] and JavaScript.
<syntaxhighlight lang="html" line="1">
<div id="myReactApp"></div>
<script type="text/babel">
function Greeter(props) {
return <h1>{props.greeting}</h1>
}
var App = <Greeter greeting="Hello World!" />;
ReactDOM.render(App, document.getElementById('myReactApp'));
</script>
</syntaxhighlight>
The <code>Greeter</code> function is a React component that accepts a property <code>greeting</code>. The variable <code>App</code> is an instance of the <code>Greeter</code> component where the <code>greeting</code> property is set to <code>'Hello World!'</code>. The <code>ReactDOM.render</code> method then renders our Greeter component inside the [[Document Object Model|DOM]] element with id <code>myReactApp</code>.
When displayed in a web browser the result will be
<syntaxhighlight lang="html">
<div id="myReactApp">
<h1>Hello World!</h1>
</div>
</syntaxhighlight>
==Notable features==
===Components===
React code is made of entities called components. Components can be rendered to a particular element in the [[Document Object Model|DOM]] using the React DOM library. When rendering a component, one can pass in values that are known as "props":<ref>{{cite web|url=https://reactjs.org/docs/components-and-props.html#props-are-read-only|website=React|title=Components and Props|publisher=Facebook|access-date=7 April 2018}}</ref>
<syntaxhighlight lang="js">
ReactDOM.render(<Greeter greeting="Hello World!" />, document.getElementById('myReactApp'));
</syntaxhighlight>
The two primary ways of declaring components in React is via functional components and class-based components.
=== Functional components ===
Functional components are declared with a function that then returns some JSX.
<syntaxhighlight lang="js">
const Greeting = (props) => <div>Hello, {props.name}!</div>;
</syntaxhighlight>
=== Class-based components ===
Class-based components are declared using [[ECMAScript|ES6]] classes.
<syntaxhighlight lang="js">
class ParentComponent extends React.Component {
state = { color: 'green' };
render() {
return (
<ChildComponent color={this.state.color} />
);
}
}
</syntaxhighlight>
===Virtual DOM===
Another notable feature is the use of a virtual [[Document Object Model]], or virtual DOM. React creates an [[In-memory processing|in-memory]] data-structure cache, computes the resulting differences, and then updates the browser's displayed DOM efficiently.<ref name=workingwiththebrowser>{{cite web |url=https://reactjs.org/docs/refs-and-the-dom.html |title=Refs and the DOM |website=React Blog}}</ref> This process is called '''reconciliation'''. This allows the programmer to write code as if the entire page is rendered on each change, while the React libraries only render subcomponents that actually change. This selective rendering provides a major performance boost.{{citation needed|date=January 2021}} It saves the effort of recalculating the CSS style, layout for the page and rendering for the entire page.{{citation needed|date=January 2021}}
=== Lifecycle methods ===
Lifecycle methods use a form of [[hooking]] that allows the execution of code at set points during a component's lifetime.
* <code>shouldComponentUpdate</code> allows the developer to prevent unnecessary re-rendering of a component by returning false if a render is not required.
* <code>componentDidMount</code> is called once the component has "mounted" (the component has been created in the user interface, often by associating it with a [[Document Object Model|DOM]] node). This is commonly used to trigger data loading from a remote source via an [[API]].
*<code>componentWillUnmount</code> is called immediately before the component is torn down or "unmounted". This is commonly used to clear resource-demanding dependencies to the component that will not simply be removed with the unmounting of the component (e.g., removing any <code>setInterval()</code> instances that are related to the component, or an "[[Event (computing)|eventListener]]" set on the "document" because of the presence of the component)
* <code>render</code> is the most important lifecycle method and the only required one in any component. It is usually called every time the component's state is updated, which should be reflected in the user interface.
===JSX===
JSX, or JavaScript [[XML]], is an extension to the JavaScript language syntax.<ref>{{cite web|title=Draft: JSX Specification|url=https://facebook.github.io/jsx/|website=JSX|publisher=Facebook|access-date=7 April 2018}}</ref> Similar in appearance to HTML, JSX provides a way to structure component rendering using syntax familiar to many developers. React components are typically written using JSX, although they do not have to be (components may also be written in pure JavaScript). JSX is similar to another extension syntax created by Facebook for [[PHP]] called [[XHP]].
An example of JSX code:
<syntaxhighlight lang="js" line="1">
class App extends React.Component {
render() {
return (
<div>
<p>Header</p>
<p>Content</p>
<p>Footer</p>
</div>
);
}
}
</syntaxhighlight>
;Nested elements
Multiple elements on the same level need to be wrapped in a single React element such as the <code><nowiki><div></nowiki></code> element shown above, a fragment delineated by <code><nowiki><Fragment></nowiki></code> or in its shorthand form <code><nowiki><></nowiki></code>, or returned as an array.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://reactjs.org/blog/2017/09/26/react-v16.0.html#new-render-return-types-fragments-and-strings |title=React v16.0§New render return types: fragments and strings |last=Clark |first=Andrew |date=September 26, 2017 |website=React Blog}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://reactjs.org/docs/react-component.html#render |title=React.Component: render |website=React}}</ref>
;Attributes
JSX provides a range of element attributes designed to mirror those provided by HTML. Custom attributes can also be passed to the component.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://reactjs.org/blog/2017/09/26/react-v16.0.html#support-for-custom-dom-attributes |title=React v16.0§Support for custom DOM attributes |last=Clark |first=Andrew |date=September 26, 2017 |website=React Blog}}</ref> All attributes will be received by the component as props.
;JavaScript expressions
JavaScript [[Expression (computer science)|expressions]] (but not [[Statement (computer science)|statements]]) can be used inside JSX with curly brackets <code>{}</code>:
<syntaxhighlight lang="js">
<h1>{10+1}</h1>
</syntaxhighlight>
The example above will render
<syntaxhighlight lang="html">
<h1>11</h1>
</syntaxhighlight>
;Conditional statements
[[Conditional (computer programming)|If–else statements]] cannot be used inside JSX but conditional expressions can be used instead.
The example below will render <code>{ i === 1 ? 'true' : 'false' }</code> as the string <code>'true'</code> because <code>i</code> is equal to 1.
<syntaxhighlight lang="js" line="1">
class App extends React.Component {
render() {
const i = 1;
return (
<div>
<h1>{ i === 1 ? 'true' : 'false' }</h1>
</div>
);
}
}
</syntaxhighlight>
The above will render:
<syntaxhighlight lang="html">
<div>
<h1>true</h1>
</div>
</syntaxhighlight>
Functions and JSX can be used in conditionals:
<syntaxhighlight lang="js+genshitext" line="1">
class App extends React.Component {
render() {
const sections = [1, 2, 3];
return (
<div>
{sections.length > 0 && sections.map(n => (
/* 'key' is used by react to keep track of list items and their changes */
/* Each 'key' must be unique */
<div key={"section-" + n}>Section {n}</div>
))}
</div>
);
}
}
</syntaxhighlight>
The above will render:
<syntaxhighlight lang="html">
<div>
<div>Section 1</div>
<div>Section 2</div>
<div>Section 3</div>
</div>
</syntaxhighlight>
Code written in JSX requires conversion with a tool such as [[Babel (compiler)|Babel]] before it can be understood by web browsers.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Tg9QDwAAQBAJ|title=React for Real: Front-End Code, Untangled|last=Fischer|first=Ludovico|date=2017-09-06|publisher=Pragmatic Bookshelf|isbn=9781680504484|language=en}}</ref> This processing is generally performed during a [[software build]] process before the application is [[Software deployment|deployed]].
===Architecture beyond HTML===
The basic architecture of React applies beyond rendering HTML in the browser. For example, Facebook has dynamic charts that render to <code><nowiki><canvas></nowiki></code> tags,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://facebook.github.io/react/blog/2013/06/05/why-react.html|title=Why did we build React? – React Blog}}</ref> and Netflix and [[PayPal]] use universal loading to render identical HTML on both the server and client.<ref name=paypal-isomorphic-reactjs>{{cite web|title=PayPal Isomorphic React|url=https://medium.com/paypal-engineering/isomorphic-react-apps-with-react-engine-17dae662379c | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190208124143/https://www.paypal-engineering.com/2015/04/27/isomorphic-react-apps-with-react-engine/ | archive-date=2019-02-08 | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=netflix-isomorphic-reactjs>{{cite web|title=Netflix Isomorphic React|url=http://techblog.netflix.com/2015/01/netflix-likes-react.html}}</ref>
=== React hooks ===
Hooks are functions that let developers "hook into" React state and lifecycle features from function components.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://reactjs.org/docs/hooks-overview.html|title=Hooks at a Glance – React|website=reactjs.org|language=en|access-date=2019-08-08}}</ref> Hooks don’t work inside classes — they let you use React without classes.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://blog.soshace.com/what-the-heck-is-react-hooks/|title=What the Heck is React Hooks?|date=2020-01-16|website=Soshace|language=en|access-date=2020-01-24}}</ref>
React provides a few built-in hooks like <code>useState</code>,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://reactjs.org/docs/hooks-state.html|title=Using the State Hook – React|website=reactjs.org|language=en|access-date=2020-01-24}}</ref> <code>useContext</code>, <code>useReducer</code> and <code>useEffect</code>.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://reactjs.org/docs/hooks-effect.html|title=Using the Effect Hook – React|website=reactjs.org|language=en|access-date=2020-01-24}}</ref> Others are documented in the Hooks API Reference.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://reactjs.org/docs/hooks-reference.html|title=Hooks API Reference – React|website=reactjs.org|language=en|access-date=2020-01-24}}</ref> <code>useState</code> , <code>useReducer</code> and <code>useEffect</code>, which are the most used, are for controlling state and side effects respectively.
==== Rules of hooks ====
There are rules of hooks<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://reactjs.org/docs/hooks-rules.html|title=Rules of Hooks – React|website=reactjs.org|language=en|access-date=2020-01-24}}</ref> which describe the characteristic code pattern that hooks rely on. It is the modern way to handle state with React.
# Hooks should only be called at the top level (not inside loops or if statements).
# Hooks should only be called from React function components, not normal functions or class components
Although these rules can't be enforced at runtime, code analysis tools such as linters can be configured to detect many mistakes during development. The rules apply to both usage of hooks and the implementation of custom hooks,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://reactjs.org/docs/hooks-custom.html|title=Building Your Own Hooks – React|website=reactjs.org|language=en|access-date=2020-01-24}}</ref> which may call other hooks.
==Common idioms==
React does not attempt to provide a complete "application library". It is designed specifically for building user interfaces<ref name="react" /> and therefore does not include many of the tools some developers might consider necessary to build an application. This allows the choice of whichever libraries the developer prefers to accomplish tasks such as performing network access or local data storage. Common patterns of usage have emerged as the library matures.
===Unidirectional data flow===
To support React's concept of unidirectional data flow (which might be contrasted with [[AngularJS]]'s bidirectional flow), the Flux architecture was developed as an alternative to the popular [[model-view-controller]] architecture. Flux features ''actions'' which are sent through a central ''dispatcher'' to a ''store'', and changes to the store are propagated back to the view.<ref name="flux">{{cite web|url=https://facebook.github.io/flux/docs/in-depth-overview.html|title=In Depth OverView|publisher=Facebook|access-date=7 April 2018|website=Flux}}</ref> When used with React, this propagation is accomplished through component properties. Since its conception, Flux has been superseded by libraries such as [[Redux (JavaScript library)|Redux]] and MobX.<ref>{{cite web|title=Flux Release 4.0|url=https://github.com/facebook/flux/releases/tag/4.0.0|website=Github|access-date=26 February 2021}}</ref>
Flux can be considered a variant of the [[observer pattern]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Johnson|first1=Nicholas|title=Introduction to Flux - React Exercise|url=http://nicholasjohnson.com/react/course/exercises/flux/|website=Nicholas Johnson|access-date=7 April 2018}}</ref>
A React component under the Flux architecture should not directly modify any props passed to it, but should be passed callback functions that create ''actions'' which are sent by the dispatcher to modify the store. The action is an object whose responsibility is to describe what has taken place: for example, an action describing one user "following" another might contain a user id, a target user id, and the type <code>USER_FOLLOWED_ANOTHER_USER</code>.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Abramov|first1=Dan|title=The History of React and Flux with Dan Abramov|url=http://threedevsandamaybe.com/the-history-of-react-and-flux-with-dan-abramov/|website=Three Devs and a Maybe|access-date=7 April 2018}}</ref> The stores, which can be thought of as models, can alter themselves in response to actions received from the dispatcher.
This pattern is sometimes expressed as "properties flow down, actions flow up". Many implementations of Flux have been created since its inception, perhaps the most well-known being [[Redux (JavaScript library)|Redux]], which features a single store, often called a [[single source of truth]].<ref>{{cite web|title=State Management Tools - Results|url=https://stateofjs.com/2017/state-management/results|website=The State of JavaScript|access-date=7 April 2018}}</ref>
==Future development==
Project status can be tracked via the core team discussion forum.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Meeting Notes|url = https://discuss.reactjs.org/c/meeting-notes|website = React Discuss|access-date = 2015-12-13}}</ref> However, major changes to React go through the Future of React repository issues and [[pull request]]s.<ref>{{Cite web|title = reactjs/react-future - The Future of React|url = https://github.com/reactjs/react-future|website = GitHub|access-date = 2015-12-13}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title = facebook/react - Feature request issues|url = https://github.com/facebook/react/labels/Type:%20Feature%20Request|website = GitHub|access-date = 2015-12-13}}</ref> This enables the React community to provide feedback on new potential features, experimental APIs and JavaScript syntax improvements.
==History==
React was created by Jordan Walke, a software engineer at Facebook, who released an early prototype of React called "FaxJS".<ref>{{cite web |last1=Walke |first1=Jordan |title=FaxJS |url=https://github.com/jordwalke/FaxJs |access-date=11 July 2019}}</ref><ref name="papp"/> He was influenced by [[XHP]], an [[HTML]] component library for [[PHP]]. It was first deployed on Facebook's [[News Feed]] in 2011 and later on [[Instagram]] in 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A0Kj49z6WdM|title=Pete Hunt at TXJS}}</ref> It was open-sourced at JSConf US in May 2013.<ref name="papp">{{cite news |last1=Papp |first1=Andrea |title=The History of React.js on a Timeline |url=https://blog.risingstack.com/the-history-of-react-js-on-a-timeline/ |access-date=11 July 2019 |work=RisingStack |date=4 April 2018}}</ref>
[[React Native]], which enables native [[Android (operating system)|Android]], [[iOS]], and [[Universal Windows Platform|UWP]] development with React, was announced at Facebook's React Conf in February 2015 and open-sourced in March 2015.
On April 18, 2017, Facebook announced [[React Fiber]], a new core algorithm of React library for building [[user interface]]s.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://techcrunch.com/2017/04/18/facebook-announces-react-fiber-a-rewrite-of-its-react-framework/|title=Facebook announces React Fiber, a rewrite of its React library|publisher=TechCrunch|author=Frederic Lardinois|date=18 April 2017|access-date=19 April 2017}}</ref> React Fiber was to become the foundation of any future improvements and feature development of the React library.<ref>{{cite web|title = React Fiber Architecture|url = https://github.com/acdlite/react-fiber-architecture| website=Github|access-date = 19 April 2017}}</ref>{{Update inline|reason=Last commit was in 2016. Is this statement still true?|date=June 2018}}
On September 26, 2017, React 16.0 was released to the public.<ref>{{cite web
|url=https://reactjs.org/blog/2017/09/26/react-v16.0.html
|title=React v16.0
|publisher=react.js
|date=2017-09-26
|access-date=2019-05-20
}}</ref>
On February 16, 2019, React 16.8 was released to the public.<ref>{{cite web
|url=https://reactjs.org/blog/2017/09/26/react-v16.0.html
|title=React v16.8
|publisher=react.js
|date=2019-02-16
|access-date=2019-05-20
}}</ref> The release introduced React Hooks.<ref>{{cite web
|url=https://reactjs.org/docs/hooks-intro.html
|title=Introducing Hooks
|publisher=react.js
|access-date=2019-05-20
}}</ref>
On August 10, 2020, the React team announced the first release candidate for React v17.0, notable as the first major release without major changes to the React developer-facing API.<ref>url=https://reactjs.org/blog/2020/08/10/react-v17-rc.html</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|+Versions
!Version
!Release Date
!Changes
|-
|0.3.0
|29 May 2013
|Initial Public Release
|-
|0.4.0
|20 July 2013
|Support for comment nodes <nowiki><div>{/* */}</div></nowiki>, Improved server-side rendering APIs, Removed React.autoBind, Support for the key prop, Improvements to forms, Fixed bugs.
|-
|0.5.0
|20 October 2013
|Improve Memory usage, Support for Selection and Composition events, Support for getInitialState and getDefaultProps in mixins, Added React.version and React.isValidClass, Improved compatibility for Windows.
|-
|0.8.0
|20 December 2013
|Added support for rows & cols, defer & async, loop for <audio> & <video>, autoCorrect attributes. Added onContextMenu events, Upgraded jstransform and esprima-fb tools, Upgraded browserify.
|-
|0.9.0
|20 February 2014
|Added support for crossOrigin, download and hrefLang, mediaGroup and muted, sandbox, seamless, and srcDoc, scope attributes, Added any, arrayOf, component, oneOfType, renderable, shape to React.PropTypes, Added support for onMouseOver and onMouseOut event, Added support for onLoad and onError on <img> elements.
|-
|0.10.0
|21 March 2014
|Added support for srcSet and textAnchor attributes, add update function for immutable data, Ensure all void elements don't insert a closing tag.
|-
|0.11.0
|17 July 2014
|Improved SVG support, Normalized e.view event, Update $apply command, Added support for namespaces, Added new transformWithDetails API, includes pre-built packages under dist/, MyComponent() now returns a descriptor, not an instance.
|-
|0.12.0
|21 November 2014
|Added new features Spread operator ({...}) introduced to deprecate this.transferPropsTo, Added support for acceptCharset, classID, manifest HTML attributes, React.addons.batchedUpdates added to API, @jsx React.DOM no longer required, Fixed issues with CSS Transitions.
|-
|0.13.0
|10 March 2015
|Deprecated patterns that warned in 0.12 no longer work, ref resolution order has changed, Removed properties this._pendingState and this._rootNodeID, Support ES6 classes, Added API React.findDOMNode(component), Support for iterators and immutable-js sequences, Added new features React.addons.createFragment, deprecated React.addons.classSet.
|-
|0.14.1
|29 October 2015
|Added support for srcLang, default, kind attributes, and color attribute, Ensured legacy .props access on DOM nodes, Fixed scryRenderedDOMComponentsWithClass, Added react-dom.js.
|-
|15.0.0
|7 April 2016
|Initial render now uses document.createElement instead of generating HTML, No more extra <nowiki><span>s, Improved SVG support, ReactPerf.getLastMeasurements() is opaque, New deprecations introduced with a warning, Fixed multiple small memory leaks, React DOM now supports the cite and profile HTML attributes and cssFloat, gridRow and gridColumn CSS properties.</nowiki>
|-
|15.1.0
|20 May 2016
|Fix a batching bug, Ensure use of the latest object-assign, Fix regression, Remove use of merge utility, Renamed some modules.
|-
|15.2.0
|1 July 2016
|Include component stack information, Stop validating props at mount time, Add React.PropTypes.symbol, Add onLoad handling to <nowiki><link></nowiki> and onError handling to <nowiki><source> element, Add isRunning() API, Fix performance regression.</nowiki>
|-
|15.3.0
|30 July 2016
|Add React.PureComponent, Fix issue with nested server rendering, Add xmlns, xmlnsXlink to support SVG attributes and referrerPolicy to HTML attributes, updates React Perf Add-on, Fixed issue with ref.
|-
|15.3.1
|19 August 2016
|Improve performance of development builds, Cleanup internal hooks, Upgrade fbjs, Improve startup time of React, Fix memory leak in server rendering, fix React Test Renderer, Change trackedTouchCount invariant into a console.error.
|-
|15.4.0
|16 November 2016
|React package and browser build no longer includes React DOM, Improved development performance, Fixed occasional test failures, update batchedUpdates API, React Perf, and ReactTestRenderer.create().
|-
|15.4.1
|23 November 2016
|Restructure variable assignment, Fixed event handling, Fixed compatibility of browser build with AMD environments.
|-
|15.4.2
|6 January 2017
|Fixed build issues, Added missing package dependencies, Improved error messages.
|-
|15.5.0
|7 April 2017
|Added react-dom/test-utils, Removed peerDependencies, Fixed issue with Closure Compiler, Added a deprecation warning for React.createClass and React.PropTypes, Fixed Chrome bug.
|-
|15.5.4
|11 April 2017
|Fix compatibility with Enzyme by exposing batchedUpdates on shallow renderer, Update version of prop-types, Fix react-addons-create-fragment package to include loose-envify transform.
|-
|15.6.0
|13 June 2017
|Add support for CSS variables in style attribute and Grid style properties, Fix AMD support for addons depending on react, Remove unnecessary dependency, Add a deprecation warning for React.createClass and React.DOM factory helpers.
|-
|16.0.0
|26 September 2017
|Improved error handling with introduction of "error boundaries", React DOM allows passing non-standard attributes, Minor changes to setState behavior, remove react-with-addons.js build, Add React.createClass as create-react-class, React.PropTypes as prop-types, React.DOM as react-dom-factories, changes to the behavior of scheduling and lifecycle methods.
|-
|16.1.0
|9 November 2017
|Discontinuing Bower Releases, Fix an accidental extra global variable in the UMD builds, Fix onMouseEnter and onMouseLeave firing, Fix <textarea> placeholder, Remove unused code, Add a missing package.json dependency, Add support for React DevTools.
|-
|16.3.0
|29 March 2018
|Add a new officially supported context API, Add new packagePrevent an infinite loop when attempting to render portals with SSR, Fix an issue with this.state, Fix an IE/Edge issue.
|-
|16.3.1
|3 April 2018
|Prefix private API, Fix performance regression and error handling bugs in development mode, Add peer dependency, Fix a false positive warning in IE11 when using Fragment.
|-
|16.3.2
|16 April 2018
|Fix an IE crash, Fix labels in User Timing measurements, Add a UMD build, Improve performance of unstable_observedBits API with nesting.
|-
|16.4.0
|24 May 2018
|Add support for Pointer Events specification, Add the ability to specify propTypes, Fix reading context, Fix the getDerivedStateFromProps() support, Fix a testInstance.parent crash, Add React.unstable_Profiler component for measuring performance, Change internal event names.
|-
|16.5.0
|5 September 2018
|Add support for React DevTools Profiler, Handle errors in more edge cases gracefully, Add react-dom/profiling, Add onAuxClick event for browsers, Add movementX and movementY fields to mouse events, Add tangentialPressure and twist fields to pointer event.
|-
|16.6.0
|23 October 2018
|Add support for contextType, Support priority levels, continuations, and wrapped callbacks, Improve the fallback mechanism, Fix gray overlay on iOS Safari, Add React.lazy() for code splitting components.
|-
|16.7.0
|20 December 2018
|Fix performance of React.lazy for lazily-loaded components, Clear fields on unmount to avoid memory leaks, Fix bug with SSR, Fix a performance regression.
|-
|16.8.0
|6 February 2019
|Add Hooks, Add ReactTestRenderer.act() and ReactTestUtils.act() for batching updates, Support synchronous thenables passed to React.lazy(), Improve useReducer Hook lazy initialization API.
|-
|16.8.6
|27 March 2019
|Fix an incorrect bailout in useReducer(), Fix iframe warnings in Safari DevTools, Warn if contextType is set to Context.Consumer instead of Context, Warn if contextType is set to invalid values.
|-
|16.9.0
|9 August 2019
|Add <React.Profiler> API for gathering performance measurements programmatically. Remove unstable_ConcurrentMode in favor of unstable_createRoot
|-
|16.10.0
|27 September 2019
|Fix edge case where a hook update wasn't being memoized. Fix heuristic for determining when to hydrate, so we don't incorrectly hydrate during an update. Clear additional fiber fields during unmount to save memory. Fix bug with required text fields in Firefox. Prefer Object.is instead of inline polyfill, when available. Fix bug when mixing Suspense and error handling.
|-
|16.10.1
|28 September 2019
|Fix regression in Next.js apps by allowing Suspense mismatch during hydration to silently proceed
|-
|16.10.2
|3 October 2019
|Fix regression in react-native-web by restoring order of arguments in event plugin extractors
|-
|16.11.0
|22 October 2019
|Fix mouseenter handlers from firing twice inside nested React containers. Remove unstable_createRoot and unstable_createSyncRoot experimental APIs. (These are available in the Experimental channel as createRoot and createSyncRoot.)
|-
|16.12.0
|14 November 2019
|React DOM - Fix passive effects (<code>useEffect</code>) not being fired in a multi-root app.
React Is - Fix <code>lazy</code> and <code>memo</code> types considered elements instead of components
|-
|16.13.0
|26 February 2020
|Features added in React Concurrent mode.
Fix regressions in React core library and React Dom.
|
|-
|16.13.1
|19 March 2020
|Fix bug in legacy mode Suspense.
Revert warning for cross-component updates that happen inside class render lifecycles
|
|-
|16.14.0
|14 October 2020
|Add support for the new JSX transform.
|
|-
|17.0.0
|20 October 2020
|"No New Features" enables gradual React updates from older versions.
Add new JSX Transform, Changes to Event Delegation
|
|-
|17.0.1
|22 October 2020
|React DOM - Fixes a crash in IE11
|}
==Licensing==
The initial public release of React in May 2013 used the [[Apache License 2.0]]. In October 2014, React 0.12.0 replaced this with the [[BSD licenses#3-clause|3-clause BSD license]] and added a separate PATENTS text file that permits usage of any Facebook patents related to the software:<ref>{{cite web|title=React CHANGELOG.md|url=https://github.com/facebook/react/blob/master/CHANGELOG.md#0120-october-28-2014|website=GitHub}}</ref><blockquote>The license granted hereunder will terminate, automatically and without notice, for anyone that makes any claim (including by filing any lawsuit, assertion or other action) alleging (a) direct, indirect, or contributory infringement or inducement to infringe any patent: (i) by Facebook or any of its subsidiaries or affiliates, whether or not such claim is related to the Software, (ii) by any party if such claim arises in whole or in part from any software, product or service of Facebook or any of its subsidiaries or affiliates, whether or not such claim is related to the Software, or (iii) by any party relating to the Software; or (b) that any right in any patent claim of Facebook is invalid or unenforceable.</blockquote>This unconventional clause caused some controversy and debate in the React user community, because it could be interpreted to empower Facebook to revoke the license in many scenarios, for example, if Facebook sues the licensee prompting them to take "other action" by publishing the action on a blog or elsewhere. Many expressed concerns that Facebook could unfairly exploit the termination clause or that integrating React into a product might complicate a startup company's future acquisition.<ref>{{cite web|title=A compelling reason not to use ReactJS|first=Austin|last=Liu|url=https://medium.com/bits-and-pixels/a-compelling-reason-not-to-use-reactjs-beac24402f7b|website=Medium}}</ref>
Based on community feedback, Facebook updated the patent grant in April 2015 to be less ambiguous and more permissive:<ref>{{cite web|title=Updating Our Open Source Patent Grant|url=https://code.facebook.com/posts/1639473982937255/updating-our-open-source-patent-grant/}}</ref>
<blockquote>The license granted hereunder will terminate, automatically and without notice, if you (or any of your subsidiaries, corporate affiliates or agents) initiate directly or indirectly, or take a direct financial interest in, any Patent Assertion: (i) against Facebook or any of its subsidiaries or corporate affiliates, (ii) against any party if such Patent Assertion arises in whole or in part from any software, technology, product or service of Facebook or any of its subsidiaries or corporate affiliates, or (iii) against any party relating to the Software. [...] A "Patent Assertion" is any lawsuit or other action alleging direct, indirect, or contributory infringement or inducement to infringe any patent, including a cross-claim or counterclaim.<ref>{{cite web|title=Additional Grant of Patent Rights Version 2|url=https://github.com/facebook/react/blob/b8ba8c83f318b84e42933f6928f231dc0918f864/PATENTS|website=GitHub}}</ref></blockquote>
The [[Apache Software Foundation]] considered this licensing arrangement to be incompatible with its licensing policies, as it "passes along risk to downstream consumers of our software imbalanced in favor of the licensor, not the licensee, thereby violating our Apache legal policy of being a universal donor", and "are not a subset of those found in the [Apache License 2.0], and they cannot be sublicensed as [Apache License 2.0]".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.apache.org/legal/resolved.html|title=ASF Legal Previously Asked Questions|publisher=Apache Software Foundation|language=en|access-date=2017-07-16}}</ref> In August 2017, Facebook dismissed the Apache Foundation's downstream concerns and refused to reconsider their license.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://code.facebook.com/posts/112130496157735/explaining-react-s-license/|title=Explaining React's License|website=Facebook|access-date=2017-08-18|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://github.com/facebook/react/issues/10191#issuecomment-323486580|title=Consider re-licensing to AL v2.0, as RocksDB has just done|website=Github|language=en|access-date=2017-08-18}}</ref> The following month, [[WordPress]] decided to switch its Gutenberg and Calypso projects away from React.<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://techcrunch.com/2017/09/15/wordpress-to-ditch-react-library-over-facebook-patent-clause-risk/|title= WordPress to ditch React library over Facebook patent clause risk |website=TechCrunch|language=en|access-date=2017-09-16}}</ref>
On September 23, 2017, Facebook announced that the following week, it would re-license Flow, [[Jest (JavaScript framework)|Jest]], React, and Immutable.js under a standard [[MIT License]]; the company stated that React was "the foundation of a broad ecosystem of open source software for the web", and that they did not want to "hold back forward progress for nontechnical reasons".<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://code.facebook.com/posts/300798627056246/relicensing-react-jest-flow-and-immutable-js/|title= Relicensing React, Jest, Flow, and Immutable.js |website=Facebook Code|language=en|date=2017-09-23}}</ref>
On September 26, 2017, React 16.0.0 was released with the MIT license.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://reactjs.org/blog/2017/09/26/react-v16.0.html#mit-licensed|title= React v16.0§MIT licensed |last=Clark |first=Andrew |date=September 26, 2017 |website=React Blog}}</ref> The MIT license change has also been backported to the 15.x release line with React 15.6.2.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://reactjs.org/blog/2017/09/25/react-v15.6.2.html |title=React v15.6.2 |last=Hunzaker |first=Nathan |date=September 25, 2017 |website=React Blog}}</ref>
==See also==
{{Portal|Free and open-source software}}
*[[React Native]]
*[[AngularJS]]
*[[Angular (web framework)|Angular]]
*[[Backbone.js]]
*[[Ember.js]]
*[[Svelte]]
*[[Vue.js]]
*[[Comparison of JavaScript libraries]]
*[[Web Components]]
*[https://www.syncfusion.com/ebooks/react-succinctly React Succinctly Free Ebook]
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
==External links==
* {{Official website}}
{{JS templating |state=autocollapse}}
{{Rich Internet applications}}
{{Web frameworks}}
{{ECMAScript}}
{{Facebook navbox}}
[[Category:2015 software]]
[[Category:Ajax (programming)]]
[[Category:Facebook software]]
[[Category:JavaScript libraries]]
[[Category:Software using the MIT license]]
[[Category:Web applications]]' |
New page wikitext, after the edit (new_wikitext) | '{{short description|JavaScript library for building user interfaces}}
{{merge from|React Fiber|discuss=Talk:React_(JavaScript_library)#Merger_proposal:_React_Fiber_to_React|date=March 2021}}
{{Infobox software
| name = React
| logo = React-icon.svg
| author = Jordan Walke
| developer = [[Facebook]] and community
| released = {{Start date and age|2013|5|29}}<ref name="initialrelease">{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GW0rj4sNH2w|last1=Occhino|first1=Tom|last2=Walke|first2=Jordan|title=JS Apps at Facebook|website=YouTube|access-date=22 Oct 2018}}</ref>
| latest release version = {{wikidata|property|reference|edit|P348}}
| latest release date = {{start date and age|{{wikidata|qualifier|P348|P577}}}}
| latest preview version =
| latest preview date = <!-- {{Start date and age|2016|04|7}}<ref name="ghrelease"/> -->
| programming language = [[JavaScript]]
| platform = [[Web platform]]
| genre = [[JavaScript library]]
| license = [[MIT License]]
}}
'''React''' (also known as '''React.js''' or '''ReactJS''') is an [[open-source]], [[Front end and back end|front end]], [[JavaScript library]]<ref name="react">{{Cite web|url= https://reactjs.org|title=React - A JavaScript library for building user interfaces.|website=React|access-date=7 April 2018}}</ref> for building [[user interfaces]] or UI components. It is maintained by [[Facebook]] and a community of individual developers and companies.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.infoworld.com/article/2608181/javascript/react--making-faster--smoother-uis-for-data-driven-web-apps.html |title=React: Making faster, smoother UIs for data-driven Web apps |last=Krill |first=Paul |date=May 15, 2014 |website=[[InfoWorld]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.infoq.com/news/2013/06/facebook-react |title=Facebook's React JavaScript User Interfaces Library Receives Mixed Reviews |last=Hemel |first=Zef |date=June 3, 2013 |website=InfoQ}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://thenewstack.io/javascripts-history-and-how-it-led-to-reactjs/ |title=JavaScript's History and How it Led To ReactJS |last=Dawson |first=Chris |date=July 25, 2014 |website=The New Stack}}</ref>
React can be used as a base in the development of [[single-page application|single-page]] or mobile applications. However, React is only concerned with state management and rendering that state to the [[Document Object Model|DOM]], so creating React applications usually requires the use of additional libraries for routing, as well as certain client-side functionality.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://medium.freecodecamp.org/integrating-create-react-app-redux-react-router-redux-observable-bootstrap-altogether-216db97e89a3|title=How to integrate create-react-app with all the libraries you need to make a great app|last=Dere|first=Mohan|date=2018-02-19|work=freeCodeCamp|access-date=2018-06-14}}</ref>
==Basic usage==
The following is a rudimentary example of React usage in HTML with [[React (JavaScript library)#JSX|JSX]] and JavaScript.
<syntaxhighlight lang="html" line="1">
<div id="myReactApp"></div>
<script type="text/babel">
function Greeter(props) {
return <h1>{props.greeting}</h1>
}
var App = <Greeter greeting="Hello World!" />;
ReactDOM.render(App, document.getElementById('myReactApp'));
</script>
</syntaxhighlight>
The <code>Greeter</code> function is a React component that accepts a property <code>greeting</code>. The variable <code>App</code> is an instance of the <code>Greeter</code> component where the <code>greeting</code> property is set to <code>'Hello World!'</code>. The <code>ReactDOM.render</code> method then renders our Greeter component inside the [[Document Object Model|DOM]] element with id <code>myReactApp</code>.
When displayed in a web browser the result will be
<syntaxhighlight lang="html">
<div id="myReactApp">
<h1>Hello World!</h1>
</div>
</syntaxhighlight>
==Notable features==
===Components===
React code is made of entities called components. Components can be rendered to a particular element in the [[Document Object Model|DOM]] using the React DOM library. When rendering a component, one can pass in values that are known as "props":<ref>{{cite web|url=https://reactjs.org/docs/components-and-props.html#props-are-read-only|website=React|title=Components and Props|publisher=Facebook|access-date=7 April 2018}}</ref>
<syntaxhighlight lang="js">
ReactDOM.render(<Greeter greeting="Hello World!" />, document.getElementById('myReactApp'));
</syntaxhighlight>
The two primary ways of declaring components in React is via functional components and class-based components.
=== Functional components ===
Functional components are declared with a function that then returns some JSX.
<syntaxhighlight lang="js">
const Greeting = (props) => <div>Hello, {props.name}!</div>;
</syntaxhighlight>
=== Class-based components ===
Class-based components are declared using [[ECMAScript|ES6]] classes.
<syntaxhighlight lang="js">
class ParentComponent extends React.Component {
state = { color: 'green' };
render() {
return (
<ChildComponent color={this.state.color} />
);
}
}
</syntaxhighlight>
===Virtual DOM===
Another notable feature is the use of a virtual [[Document Object Model]], or virtual DOM. React creates an [[In-memory processing|in-memory]] data-structure cache, computes the resulting differences, and then updates the browser's displayed DOM efficiently.<ref name=workingwiththebrowser>{{cite web |url=https://reactjs.org/docs/refs-and-the-dom.html |title=Refs and the DOM |website=React Blog}}</ref> This process is called '''reconciliation'''. This allows the programmer to write code as if the entire page is rendered on each change, while the React libraries only render subcomponents that actually change. This selective rendering provides a major performance boost.{{citation needed|date=January 2021}} It saves the effort of recalculating the CSS style, layout for the page and rendering for the entire page.{{citation needed|date=January 2021}}
=== Lifecycle methods ===
Lifecycle methods use a form of [[hooking]] that allows the execution of code at set points during a component's lifetime.
* <code>shouldComponentUpdate</code> allows the developer to prevent unnecessary re-rendering of a component by returning false if a render is not required.
* <code>componentDidMount</code> is called once the component has "mounted" (the component has been created in the user interface, often by associating it with a [[Document Object Model|DOM]] node). This is commonly used to trigger data loading from a remote source via an [[API]].
*<code>componentWillUnmount</code> is called immediately before the component is torn down or "unmounted". This is commonly used to clear resource-demanding dependencies to the component that will not simply be removed with the unmounting of the component (e.g., removing any <code>setInterval()</code> instances that are related to the component, or an "[[Event (computing)|eventListener]]" set on the "document" because of the presence of the component)
* <code>render</code> is the most important lifecycle method and the only required one in any component. It is usually called every time the component's state is updated, which should be reflected in the user interface.
===JSX===
JSX, or JavaScript [[XML]], is an extension to the JavaScript language syntax.<ref>{{cite web|title=Draft: JSX Specification|url=https://facebook.github.io/jsx/|website=JSX|publisher=Facebook|access-date=7 April 2018}}</ref> Similar in appearance to HTML, JSX provides a way to structure component rendering using syntax familiar to many developers. React components are typically written using JSX, although they do not have to be (components may also be written in pure JavaScript). JSX is similar to another extension syntax created by Facebook for [[PHP]] called [[XHP]].
An example of JSX code:
<syntaxhighlight lang="js" line="1">
class App extends React.Component {
render() {
return (
<div>
<p>Header</p>
<p>Content</p>
<p>Footer</p>
</div>
);
}
}
</syntaxhighlight>
;Nested elements
Multiple elements on the same level need to be wrapped in a single React element such as the <code><nowiki><div></nowiki></code> element shown above, a fragment delineated by <code><nowiki><Fragment></nowiki></code> or in its shorthand form <code><nowiki><></nowiki></code>, or returned as an array.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://reactjs.org/blog/2017/09/26/react-v16.0.html#new-render-return-types-fragments-and-strings |title=React v16.0§New render return types: fragments and strings |last=Clark |first=Andrew |date=September 26, 2017 |website=React Blog}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://reactjs.org/docs/react-component.html#render |title=React.Component: render |website=React}}</ref>
;Attributes
JSX provides a range of element attributes designed to mirror those provided by HTML. Custom attributes can also be passed to the component.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://reactjs.org/blog/2017/09/26/react-v16.0.html#support-for-custom-dom-attributes |title=React v16.0§Support for custom DOM attributes |last=Clark |first=Andrew |date=September 26, 2017 |website=React Blog}}</ref> All attributes will be received by the component as props.
;JavaScript expressions
JavaScript [[Expression (computer science)|expressions]] (but not [[Statement (computer science)|statements]]) can be used inside JSX with curly brackets <code>{}</code>:
<syntaxhighlight lang="js">
<h1>{10+1}</h1>
</syntaxhighlight>
The example above will render
<syntaxhighlight lang="html">
<h1>11</h1>
</syntaxhighlight>
;Conditional statements
[[Conditional (computer programming)|If–else statements]] cannot be used inside JSX but conditional expressions can be used instead.
The example below will render <code>{ i === 1 ? 'true' : 'false' }</code> as the string <code>'true'</code> because <code>i</code> is equal to 1.
<syntaxhighlight lang="js" line="1">
class App extends React.Component {
render() {
const i = 1;
return (
<div>
<h1>{ i === 1 ? 'true' : 'false' }</h1>
</div>
);
}
}
</syntaxhighlight>
The above will render:
<syntaxhighlight lang="html">
<div>
<h1>true</h1>
</div>
</syntaxhighlight>
Functions and JSX can be used in conditionals:
<syntaxhighlight lang="js+genshitext" line="1">
class App extends React.Component {
render() {
const sections = [1, 2, 3];
return (
<div>
{sections.length > 0 && sections.map(n => (
/* 'key' is used by react to keep track of list items and their changes */
/* Each 'key' must be unique */
<div key={"section-" + n}>Section {n}</div>
))}
</div>
);
}
}
</syntaxhighlight>
The above will render:
<syntaxhighlight lang="html">
<div>
<div>Section 1</div>
<div>Section 2</div>
<div>Section 3</div>
</div>
</syntaxhighlight>
Code written in JSX requires conversion with a tool such as [[Babel (compiler)|Babel]] before it can be understood by web browsers.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Tg9QDwAAQBAJ|title=React for Real: Front-End Code, Untangled|last=Fischer|first=Ludovico|date=2017-09-06|publisher=Pragmatic Bookshelf|isbn=9781680504484|language=en}}</ref> This processing is generally performed during a [[software build]] process before the application is [[Software deployment|deployed]].
===Architecture beyond HTML===
The basic architecture of React applies beyond rendering HTML in the browser. For example, Facebook has dynamic charts that render to <code><nowiki><canvas></nowiki></code> tags,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://facebook.github.io/react/blog/2013/06/05/why-react.html|title=Why did we build React? – React Blog}}</ref> and Netflix and [[PayPal]] use universal loading to render identical HTML on both the server and client.<ref name=paypal-isomorphic-reactjs>{{cite web|title=PayPal Isomorphic React|url=https://medium.com/paypal-engineering/isomorphic-react-apps-with-react-engine-17dae662379c | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190208124143/https://www.paypal-engineering.com/2015/04/27/isomorphic-react-apps-with-react-engine/ | archive-date=2019-02-08 | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=netflix-isomorphic-reactjs>{{cite web|title=Netflix Isomorphic React|url=http://techblog.netflix.com/2015/01/netflix-likes-react.html}}</ref>
=== React hooks ===
Hooks are functions that let developers "hook into" React state and lifecycle features from function components.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://reactjs.org/docs/hooks-overview.html|title=Hooks at a Glance – React|website=reactjs.org|language=en|access-date=2019-08-08}}</ref> Hooks don’t work inside classes — they let you use React without classes.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://blog.soshace.com/what-the-heck-is-react-hooks/|title=What the Heck is React Hooks?|date=2020-01-16|website=Soshace|language=en|access-date=2020-01-24}}</ref>
React provides a few built-in hooks like <code>useState</code>,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://reactjs.org/docs/hooks-state.html|title=Using the State Hook – React|website=reactjs.org|language=en|access-date=2020-01-24}}</ref> <code>useContext</code>, <code>useReducer</code> and <code>useEffect</code>.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://reactjs.org/docs/hooks-effect.html|title=Using the Effect Hook – React|website=reactjs.org|language=en|access-date=2020-01-24}}</ref> Others are documented in the Hooks API Reference.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://reactjs.org/docs/hooks-reference.html|title=Hooks API Reference – React|website=reactjs.org|language=en|access-date=2020-01-24}}</ref> <code>useState</code> , <code>useReducer</code> and <code>useEffect</code>, which are the most used, are for controlling state and side effects respectively.
==== Rules of hooks ====
There are rules of hooks<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://reactjs.org/docs/hooks-rules.html|title=Rules of Hooks – React|website=reactjs.org|language=en|access-date=2020-01-24}}</ref> which describe the characteristic code pattern that hooks rely on. It is the modern way to handle state with React.
# Hooks should only be called at the top level (not inside loops or if statements).
# Hooks should only be called from React function components, not normal functions or class components
Although these rules can't be enforced at runtime, code analysis tools such as linters can be configured to detect many mistakes during development. The rules apply to both usage of hooks and the implementation of custom hooks,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://reactjs.org/docs/hooks-custom.html|title=Building Your Own Hooks – React|website=reactjs.org|language=en|access-date=2020-01-24}}</ref> which may call other hooks.
==Common idioms==
React does not attempt to provide a complete "application library". It is designed specifically for building user interfaces<ref name="react" /> and therefore does not include many of the tools some developers might consider necessary to build an application. This allows the choice of whichever libraries the developer prefers to accomplish tasks such as performing network access or local data storage. Common patterns of usage have emerged as the library matures.
===Unidirectional data flow===
To support React's concept of unidirectional data flow (which might be contrasted with [[AngularJS]]'s bidirectional flow), the Flux architecture was developed as an alternative to the popular [[model-view-controller]] architecture. Flux features ''actions'' which are sent through a central ''dispatcher'' to a ''store'', and changes to the store are propagated back to the view.<ref name="flux">{{cite web|url=https://facebook.github.io/flux/docs/in-depth-overview.html|title=In Depth OverView|publisher=Facebook|access-date=7 April 2018|website=Flux}}</ref> When used with React, this propagation is accomplished through component properties. Since its conception, Flux has been superseded by libraries such as [[Redux (JavaScript library)|Redux]] and MobX.<ref>{{cite web|title=Flux Release 4.0|url=https://github.com/facebook/flux/releases/tag/4.0.0|website=Github|access-date=26 February 2021}}</ref>
Flux can be considered a variant of the [[observer pattern]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Johnson|first1=Nicholas|title=Introduction to Flux - React Exercise|url=http://nicholasjohnson.com/react/course/exercises/flux/|website=Nicholas Johnson|access-date=7 April 2018}}</ref>
A React component under the Flux architecture should not directly modify any props passed to it, but should be passed callback functions that create ''actions'' which are sent by the dispatcher to modify the store. The action is an object whose responsibility is to describe what has taken place: for example, an action describing one user "following" another might contain a user id, a target user id, and the type <code>USER_FOLLOWED_ANOTHER_USER</code>.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Abramov|first1=Dan|title=The History of React and Flux with Dan Abramov|url=http://threedevsandamaybe.com/the-history-of-react-and-flux-with-dan-abramov/|website=Three Devs and a Maybe|access-date=7 April 2018}}</ref> The stores, which can be thought of as models, can alter themselves in response to actions received from the dispatcher.
This pattern is sometimes expressed as "properties flow down, actions flow up". Many implementations of Flux have been created since its inception, perhaps the most well-known being [[Redux (JavaScript library)|Redux]], which features a single store, often called a [[single source of truth]].<ref>{{cite web|title=State Management Tools - Results|url=https://stateofjs.com/2017/state-management/results|website=The State of JavaScript|access-date=7 April 2018}}</ref>
==Future development==
Project status can be tracked via the core team discussion forum.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Meeting Notes|url = https://discuss.reactjs.org/c/meeting-notes|website = React Discuss|access-date = 2015-12-13}}</ref> However, major changes to React go through the Future of React repository issues and [[pull request]]s.<ref>{{Cite web|title = reactjs/react-future - The Future of React|url = https://github.com/reactjs/react-future|website = GitHub|access-date = 2015-12-13}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title = facebook/react - Feature request issues|url = https://github.com/facebook/react/labels/Type:%20Feature%20Request|website = GitHub|access-date = 2015-12-13}}</ref> This enables the React community to provide feedback on new potential features, experimental APIs and JavaScript syntax improvements.
==History==
React was created by Jordan Walke, a software engineer at Facebook, who released an early prototype of React called "FaxJS".<ref>{{cite web |last1=Walke |first1=Jordan |title=FaxJS |url=https://github.com/jordwalke/FaxJs |access-date=11 July 2019}}</ref><ref name="papp"/> He was influenced by [[XHP]], an [[HTML]] component library for [[PHP]]. It was first deployed on Facebook's [[News Feed]] in 2011 and later on [[Instagram]] in 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A0Kj49z6WdM|title=Pete Hunt at TXJS}}</ref> It was open-sourced at JSConf US in May 2013.<ref name="papp">{{cite news |last1=Papp |first1=Andrea |title=The History of React.js on a Timeline |url=https://blog.risingstack.com/the-history-of-react-js-on-a-timeline/ |access-date=11 July 2019 |work=RisingStack |date=4 April 2018}}</ref>
[[React Native]], which enables native [[Android (operating system)|Android]], [[iOS]], and [[Universal Windows Platform|UWP]] development with React, was announced at Facebook's React Conf in February 2015 and open-sourced in March 2015.
On April 18, 2017, Facebook announced [[React Fiber]], a new core algorithm of React library for building [[user interface]]s.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://techcrunch.com/2017/04/18/facebook-announces-react-fiber-a-rewrite-of-its-react-framework/|title=Facebook announces React Fiber, a rewrite of its React library|publisher=TechCrunch|author=Frederic Lardinois|date=18 April 2017|access-date=19 April 2017}}</ref> React Fiber was to become the foundation of any future improvements and feature development of the React library.<ref>{{cite web|title = React Fiber Architecture|url = https://github.com/acdlite/react-fiber-architecture| website=Github|access-date = 19 April 2017}}</ref>{{Update inline|reason=Last commit was in 2016. Is this statement still true?|date=June 2018}}
On September 26, 2017, React 16.0 was released to the public.<ref>{{cite web
|url=https://reactjs.org/blog/2017/09/26/react-v16.0.html
|title=React v16.0
|publisher=react.js
|date=2017-09-26
|access-date=2019-05-20
}}</ref>
On February 16, 2019, React 16.8 was released to the public.<ref>{{cite web
|url=https://reactjs.org/blog/2017/09/26/react-v16.0.html
|title=React v16.8
|publisher=react.js
|date=2019-02-16
|access-date=2019-05-20
}}</ref> The release introduced React Hooks.<ref>{{cite web
|url=https://reactjs.org/docs/hooks-intro.html
|title=Introducing Hooks
|publisher=react.js
|access-date=2019-05-20
}}</ref>
On August 10, 2020, the React team announced the first release candidate for React v17.0, notable as the first major release without major changes to the React developer-facing API.<ref>url=https://reactjs.org/blog/2020/08/10/react-v17-rc.html</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|+Versions
!Version
!Release Date
!Changes
|-
|0.3.0
|29 May 2013
|Initial Public Release
|-
|0.4.0
|20 July 2013
|Support for comment nodes <nowiki><div>{/* */}</div></nowiki>, Improved server-side rendering APIs, Removed React.autoBind, Support for the key prop, Improvements to forms, Fixed bugs.
|-
|0.5.0
|20 October 2013
|Improve Memory usage, Support for Selection and Composition events, Support for getInitialState and getDefaultProps in mixins, Added React.version and React.isValidClass, Improved compatibility for Windows.
|-
|0.8.0
|20 December 2013
|Added support for rows & cols, defer & async, loop for <audio> & <video>, autoCorrect attributes. Added onContextMenu events, Upgraded jstransform and esprima-fb tools, Upgraded browserify.
|-
|0.9.0
|20 February 2014
|Added support for crossOrigin, download and hrefLang, mediaGroup and muted, sandbox, seamless, and srcDoc, scope attributes, Added any, arrayOf, component, oneOfType, renderable, shape to React.PropTypes, Added support for onMouseOver and onMouseOut event, Added support for onLoad and onError on <img> elements.
|-
|0.10.0
|21 March 2014
|Added support for srcSet and textAnchor attributes, add update function for immutable data, Ensure all void elements don't insert a closing tag.
|-
|0.11.0
|17 July 2014
|Improved SVG support, Normalized e.view event, Update $apply command, Added support for namespaces, Added new transformWithDetails API, includes pre-built packages under dist/, MyComponent() now returns a descriptor, not an instance.
|-
|0.12.0
|21 November 2014
|Added new features Spread operator ({...}) introduced to deprecate this.transferPropsTo, Added support for acceptCharset, classID, manifest HTML attributes, React.addons.batchedUpdates added to API, @jsx React.DOM no longer required, Fixed issues with CSS Transitions.
|-
|0.13.0
|10 March 2015
|Deprecated patterns that warned in 0.12 no longer work, ref resolution order has changed, Removed properties this._pendingState and this._rootNodeID, Support ES6 classes, Added API React.findDOMNode(component), Support for iterators and immutable-js sequences, Added new features React.addons.createFragment, deprecated React.addons.classSet.
|-
|0.14.1
|29 October 2015
|Added support for srcLang, default, kind attributes, and color attribute, Ensured legacy .props access on DOM nodes, Fixed scryRenderedDOMComponentsWithClass, Added react-dom.js.
|-
|15.0.0
|7 April 2016
|Initial render now uses document.createElement instead of generating HTML, No more extra <nowiki><span>s, Improved SVG support, ReactPerf.getLastMeasurements() is opaque, New deprecations introduced with a warning, Fixed multiple small memory leaks, React DOM now supports the cite and profile HTML attributes and cssFloat, gridRow and gridColumn CSS properties.</nowiki>
|-
|15.1.0
|20 May 2016
|Fix a batching bug, Ensure use of the latest object-assign, Fix regression, Remove use of merge utility, Renamed some modules.
|-
|15.2.0
|1 July 2016
|Include component stack information, Stop validating props at mount time, Add React.PropTypes.symbol, Add onLoad handling to <nowiki><link></nowiki> and onError handling to <nowiki><source> element, Add isRunning() API, Fix performance regression.</nowiki>
|-
|15.3.0
|30 July 2016
|Add React.PureComponent, Fix issue with nested server rendering, Add xmlns, xmlnsXlink to support SVG attributes and referrerPolicy to HTML attributes, updates React Perf Add-on, Fixed issue with ref.
|-
|15.3.1
|19 August 2016
|Improve performance of development builds, Cleanup internal hooks, Upgrade fbjs, Improve startup time of React, Fix memory leak in server rendering, fix React Test Renderer, Change trackedTouchCount invariant into a console.error.
|-
|15.4.0
|16 November 2016
|React package and browser build no longer includes React DOM, Improved development performance, Fixed occasional test failures, update batchedUpdates API, React Perf, and ReactTestRenderer.create().
|-
|15.4.1
|23 November 2016
|Restructure variable assignment, Fixed event handling, Fixed compatibility of browser build with AMD environments.
|-
|15.4.2
|6 January 2017
|Fixed build issues, Added missing package dependencies, Improved error messages.
|-
|15.5.0
|7 April 2017
|Added react-dom/test-utils, Removed peerDependencies, Fixed issue with Closure Compiler, Added a deprecation warning for React.createClass and React.PropTypes, Fixed Chrome bug.
|-
|15.5.4
|11 April 2017
|Fix compatibility with Enzyme by exposing batchedUpdates on shallow renderer, Update version of prop-types, Fix react-addons-create-fragment package to include loose-envify transform.
|-
|15.6.0
|13 June 2017
|Add support for CSS variables in style attribute and Grid style properties, Fix AMD support for addons depending on react, Remove unnecessary dependency, Add a deprecation warning for React.createClass and React.DOM factory helpers.
|-
|16.0.0
|26 September 2017
|Improved error handling with introduction of "error boundaries", React DOM allows passing non-standard attributes, Minor changes to setState behavior, remove react-with-addons.js build, Add React.createClass as create-react-class, React.PropTypes as prop-types, React.DOM as react-dom-factories, changes to the behavior of scheduling and lifecycle methods.
|-
|16.1.0
|9 November 2017
|Discontinuing Bower Releases, Fix an accidental extra global variable in the UMD builds, Fix onMouseEnter and onMouseLeave firing, Fix <textarea> placeholder, Remove unused code, Add a missing package.json dependency, Add support for React DevTools.
|-
|16.3.0
|29 March 2018
|Add a new officially supported context API, Add new packagePrevent an infinite loop when attempting to render portals with SSR, Fix an issue with this.state, Fix an IE/Edge issue.
|-
|16.3.1
|3 April 2018
|Prefix private API, Fix performance regression and error handling bugs in development mode, Add peer dependency, Fix a false positive warning in IE11 when using Fragment.
|-
|16.3.2
|16 April 2018
|Fix an IE crash, Fix labels in User Timing measurements, Add a UMD build, Improve performance of unstable_observedBits API with nesting.
|-
|16.4.0
|24 May 2018
|Add support for Pointer Events specification, Add the ability to specify propTypes, Fix reading context, Fix the getDerivedStateFromProps() support, Fix a testInstance.parent crash, Add React.unstable_Profiler component for measuring performance, Change internal event names.
|-
|16.5.0
|5 September 2018
|Add support for React DevTools Profiler, Handle errors in more edge cases gracefully, Add react-dom/profiling, Add onAuxClick event for browsers, Add movementX and movementY fields to mouse events, Add tangentialPressure and twist fields to pointer event.
|-
|16.6.0
|23 October 2018
|Add support for contextType, Support priority levels, continuations, and wrapped callbacks, Improve the fallback mechanism, Fix gray overlay on iOS Safari, Add React.lazy() for code splitting components.
|-
|16.7.0
|20 December 2018
|Fix performance of React.lazy for lazily-loaded components, Clear fields on unmount to avoid memory leaks, Fix bug with SSR, Fix a performance regression.
|-
|16.8.0
|6 February 2019
|Add Hooks, Add ReactTestRenderer.act() and ReactTestUtils.act() for batching updates, Support synchronous thenables passed to React.lazy(), Improve useReducer Hook lazy initialization API.
|-
|16.8.6
|27 March 2019
|Fix an incorrect bailout in useReducer(), Fix iframe warnings in Safari DevTools, Warn if contextType is set to Context.Consumer instead of Context, Warn if contextType is set to invalid values.
|-
|16.9.0
|9 August 2019
|Add <React.Profiler> API for gathering performance measurements programmatically. Remove unstable_ConcurrentMode in favor of unstable_createRoot
|-
|16.10.0
|27 September 2019
|Fix edge case where a hook update wasn't being memoized. Fix heuristic for determining when to hydrate, so we don't incorrectly hydrate during an update. Clear additional fiber fields during unmount to save memory. Fix bug with required text fields in Firefox. Prefer Object.is instead of inline polyfill, when available. Fix bug when mixing Suspense and error handling.
|-
|16.10.1
|28 September 2019
|Fix regression in Next.js apps by allowing Suspense mismatch during hydration to silently proceed
|-
|16.10.2
|3 October 2019
|Fix regression in react-native-web by restoring order of arguments in event plugin extractors
|-
|16.11.0
|22 October 2019
|Fix mouseenter handlers from firing twice inside nested React containers. Remove unstable_createRoot and unstable_createSyncRoot experimental APIs. (These are available in the Experimental channel as createRoot and createSyncRoot.)
|-
|16.12.0
|14 November 2019
|React DOM - Fix passive effects (<code>useEffect</code>) not being fired in a multi-root app.
React Is - Fix <code>lazy</code> and <code>memo</code> types considered elements instead of components
|-
|16.13.0
|26 February 2020
|Features added in React Concurrent mode.
Fix regressions in React core library and React Dom.
|
|-
|16.13.1
|19 March 2020
|Fix bug in legacy mode Suspense.
Revert warning for cross-component updates that happen inside class render lifecycles
|
|-
|16.14.0
|14 October 2020
|Add support for the new JSX transform.
|
|-
|17.0.0
|20 October 2020
|"No New Features" enables gradual React updates from older versions.
Add new JSX Transform, Changes to Event Delegation
|
|-
|17.0.1
|22 October 2020
|React DOM - Fixes a crash in IE11
|}
==Licensing==
The initial public release of React in May 2013 used the [[Apache License 2.0]]. In October 2014, React 0.12.0 replaced this with the [[BSD licenses#3-clause|3-clause BSD license]] and added a separate PATENTS text file that permits usage of any Facebook patents related to the software:<ref>{{cite web|title=React CHANGELOG.md|url=https://github.com/facebook/react/blob/master/CHANGELOG.md#0120-october-28-2014|website=GitHub}}</ref><blockquote>The license granted hereunder will terminate, automatically and without notice, for anyone that makes any claim (including by filing any lawsuit, assertion or other action) alleging (a) direct, indirect, or contributory infringement or inducement to infringe any patent: (i) by Facebook or any of its subsidiaries or affiliates, whether or not such claim is related to the Software, (ii) by any party if such claim arises in whole or in part from any software, product or service of Facebook or any of its subsidiaries or affiliates, whether or not such claim is related to the Software, or (iii) by any party relating to the Software; or (b) that any right in any patent claim of Facebook is invalid or unenforceable.</blockquote>This unconventional clause caused some controversy and debate in the React user community, because it could be interpreted to empower Facebook to revoke the license in many scenarios, for example, if Facebook sues the licensee prompting them to take "other action" by publishing the action on a blog or elsewhere. Many expressed concerns that Facebook could unfairly exploit the termination clause or that integrating React into a product might complicate a startup company's future acquisition.<ref>{{cite web|title=A compelling reason not to use ReactJS|first=Austin|last=Liu|url=https://medium.com/bits-and-pixels/a-compelling-reason-not-to-use-reactjs-beac24402f7b|website=Medium}}</ref>
Based on community feedback, Facebook updated the patent grant in April 2015 to be less ambiguous and more permissive:<ref>{{cite web|title=Updating Our Open Source Patent Grant|url=https://code.facebook.com/posts/1639473982937255/updating-our-open-source-patent-grant/}}</ref>
<blockquote>The license granted hereunder will terminate, automatically and without notice, if you (or any of your subsidiaries, corporate affiliates or agents) initiate directly or indirectly, or take a direct financial interest in, any Patent Assertion: (i) against Facebook or any of its subsidiaries or corporate affiliates, (ii) against any party if such Patent Assertion arises in whole or in part from any software, technology, product or service of Facebook or any of its subsidiaries or corporate affiliates, or (iii) against any party relating to the Software. [...] A "Patent Assertion" is any lawsuit or other action alleging direct, indirect, or contributory infringement or inducement to infringe any patent, including a cross-claim or counterclaim.<ref>{{cite web|title=Additional Grant of Patent Rights Version 2|url=https://github.com/facebook/react/blob/b8ba8c83f318b84e42933f6928f231dc0918f864/PATENTS|website=GitHub}}</ref></blockquote>
The [[Apache Software Foundation]] considered this licensing arrangement to be incompatible with its licensing policies, as it "passes along risk to downstream consumers of our software imbalanced in favor of the licensor, not the licensee, thereby violating our Apache legal policy of being a universal donor", and "are not a subset of those found in the [Apache License 2.0], and they cannot be sublicensed as [Apache License 2.0]".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.apache.org/legal/resolved.html|title=ASF Legal Previously Asked Questions|publisher=Apache Software Foundation|language=en|access-date=2017-07-16}}</ref> In August 2017, Facebook dismissed the Apache Foundation's downstream concerns and refused to reconsider their license.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://code.facebook.com/posts/112130496157735/explaining-react-s-license/|title=Explaining React's License|website=Facebook|access-date=2017-08-18|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://github.com/facebook/react/issues/10191#issuecomment-323486580|title=Consider re-licensing to AL v2.0, as RocksDB has just done|website=Github|language=en|access-date=2017-08-18}}</ref> The following month, [[WordPress]] decided to switch its Gutenberg and Calypso projects away from React.<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://techcrunch.com/2017/09/15/wordpress-to-ditch-react-library-over-facebook-patent-clause-risk/|title= WordPress to ditch React library over Facebook patent clause risk |website=TechCrunch|language=en|access-date=2017-09-16}}</ref>
On September 23, 2017, Facebook announced that the following week, it would re-license Flow, [[Jest (JavaScript framework)|Jest]], React, and Immutable.js under a standard [[MIT License]]; the company stated that React was "the foundation of a broad ecosystem of open source software for the web", and that they did not want to "hold back forward progress for nontechnical reasons".<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://code.facebook.com/posts/300798627056246/relicensing-react-jest-flow-and-immutable-js/|title= Relicensing React, Jest, Flow, and Immutable.js |website=Facebook Code|language=en|date=2017-09-23}}</ref>
On September 26, 2017, React 16.0.0 was released with the MIT license.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://reactjs.org/blog/2017/09/26/react-v16.0.html#mit-licensed|title= React v16.0§MIT licensed |last=Clark |first=Andrew |date=September 26, 2017 |website=React Blog}}</ref> The MIT license change has also been backported to the 15.x release line with React 15.6.2.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://reactjs.org/blog/2017/09/25/react-v15.6.2.html |title=React v15.6.2 |last=Hunzaker |first=Nathan |date=September 25, 2017 |website=React Blog}}</ref>
==See also==
{{Portal|Free and open-source software}}
*[[React Native]]
*[[AngularJS]]
*[[Angular (web framework)|Angular]]
*[[Backbone.js]]
*[[Ember.js]]
*[[Svelte]]
*[[Vue.js]]
*[[Comparison of JavaScript libraries]]
*[[Web Components]]
*[https://www.syncfusion.com/ebooks/react-succinctly React Succinctly Free Ebook]
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
==External links==
* {{Official website}}
* [[ [https://onlinelibrary021.blogspot.com/2021/04/the-great-benefits-of-learning-react-js.html React: the most popular javascript library] ]]
{{JS templating |state=autocollapse}}
{{Rich Internet applications}}
{{Web frameworks}}
{{ECMAScript}}
{{Facebook navbox}}
[[Category:2015 software]]
[[Category:Ajax (programming)]]
[[Category:Facebook software]]
[[Category:JavaScript libraries]]
[[Category:Software using the MIT license]]
[[Category:Web applications]]' |
Unified diff of changes made by edit (edit_diff) | '@@ -448,4 +448,5 @@
==External links==
* {{Official website}}
+* [[ [https://onlinelibrary021.blogspot.com/2021/04/the-great-benefits-of-learning-react-js.html React: the most popular javascript library] ]]
{{JS templating |state=autocollapse}}
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External links in the page, before the edit (old_links) | [
0 => 'http://nicholasjohnson.com/react/course/exercises/flux/',
1 => 'http://techblog.netflix.com/2015/01/netflix-likes-react.html',
2 => 'http://threedevsandamaybe.com/the-history-of-react-and-flux-with-dan-abramov/',
3 => 'https://blog.risingstack.com/the-history-of-react-js-on-a-timeline/',
4 => 'https://blog.soshace.com/what-the-heck-is-react-hooks/',
5 => 'https://books.google.com/books?id=Tg9QDwAAQBAJ',
6 => 'https://code.facebook.com/posts/112130496157735/explaining-react-s-license/',
7 => 'https://code.facebook.com/posts/1639473982937255/updating-our-open-source-patent-grant/',
8 => 'https://code.facebook.com/posts/300798627056246/relicensing-react-jest-flow-and-immutable-js/',
9 => 'https://discuss.reactjs.org/c/meeting-notes',
10 => 'https://facebook.github.io/flux/docs/in-depth-overview.html',
11 => 'https://facebook.github.io/jsx/',
12 => 'https://facebook.github.io/react/blog/2013/06/05/why-react.html',
13 => 'https://github.com/acdlite/react-fiber-architecture',
14 => 'https://github.com/facebook/flux/releases/tag/4.0.0',
15 => 'https://github.com/facebook/react',
16 => 'https://github.com/facebook/react/blob/b8ba8c83f318b84e42933f6928f231dc0918f864/PATENTS',
17 => 'https://github.com/facebook/react/blob/master/CHANGELOG.md#0120-october-28-2014',
18 => 'https://github.com/facebook/react/issues/10191#issuecomment-323486580',
19 => 'https://github.com/facebook/react/labels/Type:%20Feature%20Request',
20 => 'https://github.com/facebook/react/releases/tag/v17.0.1',
21 => 'https://github.com/jordwalke/FaxJs',
22 => 'https://github.com/reactjs/react-future',
23 => 'https://medium.com/bits-and-pixels/a-compelling-reason-not-to-use-reactjs-beac24402f7b',
24 => 'https://medium.com/paypal-engineering/isomorphic-react-apps-with-react-engine-17dae662379c',
25 => 'https://medium.freecodecamp.org/integrating-create-react-app-redux-react-router-redux-observable-bootstrap-altogether-216db97e89a3',
26 => 'https://reactjs.org',
27 => 'https://reactjs.org/',
28 => 'https://reactjs.org/blog/2017/09/25/react-v15.6.2.html',
29 => 'https://reactjs.org/blog/2017/09/26/react-v16.0.html#new-render-return-types-fragments-and-strings',
30 => 'https://reactjs.org/blog/2017/09/26/react-v16.0.html#support-for-custom-dom-attributes',
31 => 'https://reactjs.org/blog/2017/09/26/react-v16.0.html',
32 => 'https://reactjs.org/blog/2017/09/26/react-v16.0.html#mit-licensed',
33 => 'https://reactjs.org/blog/2020/08/10/react-v17-rc.html',
34 => 'https://reactjs.org/docs/components-and-props.html#props-are-read-only',
35 => 'https://reactjs.org/docs/hooks-custom.html',
36 => 'https://reactjs.org/docs/hooks-effect.html',
37 => 'https://reactjs.org/docs/hooks-intro.html',
38 => 'https://reactjs.org/docs/hooks-overview.html',
39 => 'https://reactjs.org/docs/hooks-reference.html',
40 => 'https://reactjs.org/docs/hooks-rules.html',
41 => 'https://reactjs.org/docs/hooks-state.html',
42 => 'https://reactjs.org/docs/react-component.html#render',
43 => 'https://reactjs.org/docs/refs-and-the-dom.html',
44 => 'https://stateofjs.com/2017/state-management/results',
45 => 'https://techcrunch.com/2017/04/18/facebook-announces-react-fiber-a-rewrite-of-its-react-framework/',
46 => 'https://techcrunch.com/2017/09/15/wordpress-to-ditch-react-library-over-facebook-patent-clause-risk/',
47 => 'https://thenewstack.io/javascripts-history-and-how-it-led-to-reactjs/',
48 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20190208124143/https://www.paypal-engineering.com/2015/04/27/isomorphic-react-apps-with-react-engine/',
49 => 'https://www.apache.org/legal/resolved.html',
50 => 'https://www.infoq.com/news/2013/06/facebook-react',
51 => 'https://www.infoworld.com/article/2608181/javascript/react--making-faster--smoother-uis-for-data-driven-web-apps.html',
52 => 'https://www.syncfusion.com/ebooks/react-succinctly',
53 => 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19399674#P856',
54 => 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19399674#P1324',
55 => 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19399674?uselang=en#P348',
56 => 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19399674?uselang=en#P856',
57 => 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A0Kj49z6WdM',
58 => 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GW0rj4sNH2w'
] |
Parsed HTML source of the new revision (new_html) | '<div class="mw-parser-output"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">JavaScript library for building user interfaces</div>
<table class="box-Merge_from plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-move" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Mergefrom.svg/50px-Mergefrom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="20" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Mergefrom.svg/75px-Mergefrom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Mergefrom.svg/100px-Mergefrom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="50" data-file-height="20" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">It has been suggested that <i><a href="/wiki/React_Fiber" title="React Fiber">React Fiber</a></i> be <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Merging" title="Wikipedia:Merging">merged</a> into this article. (<a href="/wiki/Talk:React_(JavaScript_library)#Merger_proposal:_React_Fiber_to_React" title="Talk:React (JavaScript library)">Discuss</a>)<small><i> Proposed since March 2021.</i></small></div></td></tr></tbody></table>
<table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">React</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:React-icon.svg" class="image"><img alt="React-icon.svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/React-icon.svg/220px-React-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/React-icon.svg/330px-React-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/React-icon.svg/440px-React-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="362" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_developer" class="mw-redirect" title="Software developer">Original author(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Jordan Walke</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_developer" class="mw-redirect" title="Software developer">Developer(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a> and community</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Initial release</th><td class="infobox-data">May 29, 2013<span class="noprint">; 7 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2013-05-29</span>)</span><sup id="cite_ref-initialrelease_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-initialrelease-1">[1]</a></sup></td></tr><tr style="display: none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_release_life_cycle" title="Software release life cycle">Stable release</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="margin:0px;">17.0.1<sup id="cite_ref-wikidata-a40f450a0ebbdbcf663bd265b7b400548bfd5bc2-v3_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wikidata-a40f450a0ebbdbcf663bd265b7b400548bfd5bc2-v3-2">[2]</a></sup> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19399674?uselang=en#P348" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" style="vertical-align: text-top" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a>
/ 22 October 2020<span class="noprint">; 5 months ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">22 October 2020</span>)</span></div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2">
</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Repository_(version_control)" title="Repository (version control)">Repository</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/facebook/react">github<wbr />.com<wbr />/facebook<wbr />/react</a></span></li></ul>
</div> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19399674#P1324" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" style="vertical-align: text-top" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Written in</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Computing_platform" title="Computing platform">Platform</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Web_platform" title="Web platform">Web platform</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_categories#Categorization_approaches" title="Software categories">Type</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/JavaScript_library" title="JavaScript library">JavaScript library</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_license" title="Software license">License</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/MIT_License" title="MIT License">MIT License</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://reactjs.org/">reactjs<wbr />.org</a></span> <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19399674?uselang=en#P856" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" style="vertical-align: text-top" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table>
<p><b>React</b> (also known as <b>React.js</b> or <b>ReactJS</b>) is an <a href="/wiki/Open-source" class="mw-redirect" title="Open-source">open-source</a>, <a href="/wiki/Front_end_and_back_end" title="Front end and back end">front end</a>, <a href="/wiki/JavaScript_library" title="JavaScript library">JavaScript library</a><sup id="cite_ref-react_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-react-3">[3]</a></sup> for building <a href="/wiki/User_interfaces" class="mw-redirect" title="User interfaces">user interfaces</a> or UI components. It is maintained by <a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a> and a community of individual developers and companies.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></sup>
React can be used as a base in the development of <a href="/wiki/Single-page_application" title="Single-page application">single-page</a> or mobile applications. However, React is only concerned with state management and rendering that state to the <a href="/wiki/Document_Object_Model" title="Document Object Model">DOM</a>, so creating React applications usually requires the use of additional libraries for routing, as well as certain client-side functionality.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a></sup>
</p>
<div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Basic_usage"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Basic usage</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Notable_features"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Notable features</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Components"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Components</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Functional_components"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Functional components</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Class-based_components"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Class-based components</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Virtual_DOM"><span class="tocnumber">2.4</span> <span class="toctext">Virtual DOM</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Lifecycle_methods"><span class="tocnumber">2.5</span> <span class="toctext">Lifecycle methods</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#JSX"><span class="tocnumber">2.6</span> <span class="toctext">JSX</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Architecture_beyond_HTML"><span class="tocnumber">2.7</span> <span class="toctext">Architecture beyond HTML</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#React_hooks"><span class="tocnumber">2.8</span> <span class="toctext">React hooks</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-11"><a href="#Rules_of_hooks"><span class="tocnumber">2.8.1</span> <span class="toctext">Rules of hooks</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="#Common_idioms"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Common idioms</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="#Unidirectional_data_flow"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Unidirectional data flow</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="#Future_development"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Future development</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="#History"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16"><a href="#Licensing"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Licensing</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-17"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-18"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-19"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Basic_usage">Basic usage</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=React_(JavaScript_library)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Basic usage">edit source</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>The following is a rudimentary example of React usage in HTML with <a href="/wiki/React_(JavaScript_library)#JSX" title="React (JavaScript library)">JSX</a> and JavaScript.
</p>
<div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-html mw-content-ltr mw-highlight-lines" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="linenos" data-line="1"></span><span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">div</span> <span class="na">id</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">"myReactApp"</span><span class="p">></</span><span class="nt">div</span><span class="p">></span>
<span class="linenos" data-line="2"></span>
<span class="linenos" data-line="3"></span><span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">script</span> <span class="na">type</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">"text/babel"</span><span class="p">></span>
<span class="linenos" data-line="4"></span> <span class="kd">function</span> <span class="nx">Greeter</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">props</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="linenos" data-line="5"></span> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="o"><</span><span class="nx">h1</span><span class="o">></span><span class="p">{</span><span class="nx">props</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">greeting</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="err">/h1></span>
<span class="linenos" data-line="6"></span> <span class="p">}</span>
<span class="linenos" data-line="7"></span> <span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nx">App</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="o"><</span><span class="nx">Greeter</span> <span class="nx">greeting</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"Hello World!"</span> <span class="o">/></span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="linenos" data-line="8"></span> <span class="nx">ReactDOM</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">render</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">App</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">document</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">getElementById</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'myReactApp'</span><span class="p">));</span>
<span class="linenos" data-line="9"></span><span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">script</span><span class="p">></span>
</pre></div>
<p>The <code>Greeter</code> function is a React component that accepts a property <code>greeting</code>. The variable <code>App</code> is an instance of the <code>Greeter</code> component where the <code>greeting</code> property is set to <code>'Hello World!'</code>. The <code>ReactDOM.render</code> method then renders our Greeter component inside the <a href="/wiki/Document_Object_Model" title="Document Object Model">DOM</a> element with id <code>myReactApp</code>.
</p><p>When displayed in a web browser the result will be
</p>
<div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-html mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">div</span> <span class="na">id</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">"myReactApp"</span><span class="p">></span>
<span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">h1</span><span class="p">></span>Hello World!<span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">h1</span><span class="p">></span>
<span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">div</span><span class="p">></span>
</pre></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Notable_features">Notable features</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=React_(JavaScript_library)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Notable features">edit source</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Components">Components</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=React_(JavaScript_library)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Components">edit source</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>React code is made of entities called components. Components can be rendered to a particular element in the <a href="/wiki/Document_Object_Model" title="Document Object Model">DOM</a> using the React DOM library. When rendering a component, one can pass in values that are known as "props":<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-js mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="nx">ReactDOM</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">render</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="nx">Greeter</span> <span class="nx">greeting</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"Hello World!"</span> <span class="o">/></span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">document</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">getElementById</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'myReactApp'</span><span class="p">));</span>
</pre></div>
<p>The two primary ways of declaring components in React is via functional components and class-based components.
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Functional_components">Functional components</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=React_(JavaScript_library)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Functional components">edit source</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>Functional components are declared with a function that then returns some JSX.
</p>
<div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-js mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="kd">const</span> <span class="nx">Greeting</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">props</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">=></span> <span class="o"><</span><span class="nx">div</span><span class="o">></span><span class="nx">Hello</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="nx">props</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">name</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="o">!<</span><span class="err">/div>;</span>
</pre></div>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Class-based_components">Class-based components</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=React_(JavaScript_library)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Class-based components">edit source</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>Class-based components are declared using <a href="/wiki/ECMAScript" title="ECMAScript">ES6</a> classes.
</p>
<div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-js mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="kd">class</span> <span class="nx">ParentComponent</span> <span class="k">extends</span> <span class="nx">React</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Component</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nx">state</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nx">color</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="s1">'green'</span> <span class="p">};</span>
<span class="nx">render</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="p">(</span>
<span class="o"><</span><span class="nx">ChildComponent</span> <span class="nx">color</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">state</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">color</span><span class="p">}</span> <span class="o">/></span>
<span class="p">);</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Virtual_DOM">Virtual DOM</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=React_(JavaScript_library)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Virtual DOM">edit source</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>Another notable feature is the use of a virtual <a href="/wiki/Document_Object_Model" title="Document Object Model">Document Object Model</a>, or virtual DOM. React creates an <a href="/wiki/In-memory_processing" title="In-memory processing">in-memory</a> data-structure cache, computes the resulting differences, and then updates the browser's displayed DOM efficiently.<sup id="cite_ref-workingwiththebrowser_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-workingwiththebrowser-9">[9]</a></sup> This process is called <b>reconciliation</b>. This allows the programmer to write code as if the entire page is rendered on each change, while the React libraries only render subcomponents that actually change. This selective rendering provides a major performance boost.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> It saves the effort of recalculating the CSS style, layout for the page and rendering for the entire page.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Lifecycle_methods">Lifecycle methods</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=React_(JavaScript_library)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Lifecycle methods">edit source</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>Lifecycle methods use a form of <a href="/wiki/Hooking" title="Hooking">hooking</a> that allows the execution of code at set points during a component's lifetime.
</p>
<ul><li><code>shouldComponentUpdate</code> allows the developer to prevent unnecessary re-rendering of a component by returning false if a render is not required.</li>
<li><code>componentDidMount</code> is called once the component has "mounted" (the component has been created in the user interface, often by associating it with a <a href="/wiki/Document_Object_Model" title="Document Object Model">DOM</a> node). This is commonly used to trigger data loading from a remote source via an <a href="/wiki/API" title="API">API</a>.</li>
<li><code>componentWillUnmount</code> is called immediately before the component is torn down or "unmounted". This is commonly used to clear resource-demanding dependencies to the component that will not simply be removed with the unmounting of the component (e.g., removing any <code>setInterval()</code> instances that are related to the component, or an "<a href="/wiki/Event_(computing)" title="Event (computing)">eventListener</a>" set on the "document" because of the presence of the component)</li>
<li><code>render</code> is the most important lifecycle method and the only required one in any component. It is usually called every time the component's state is updated, which should be reflected in the user interface.</li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="JSX">JSX</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=React_(JavaScript_library)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: JSX">edit source</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>JSX, or JavaScript <a href="/wiki/XML" title="XML">XML</a>, is an extension to the JavaScript language syntax.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a></sup> Similar in appearance to HTML, JSX provides a way to structure component rendering using syntax familiar to many developers. React components are typically written using JSX, although they do not have to be (components may also be written in pure JavaScript). JSX is similar to another extension syntax created by Facebook for <a href="/wiki/PHP" title="PHP">PHP</a> called <a href="/wiki/XHP" title="XHP">XHP</a>.
</p><p>An example of JSX code:
</p>
<div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-js mw-content-ltr mw-highlight-lines" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="linenos" data-line="1"></span><span class="kd">class</span> <span class="nx">App</span> <span class="k">extends</span> <span class="nx">React</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Component</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="linenos" data-line="2"></span> <span class="nx">render</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="linenos" data-line="3"></span> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="p">(</span>
<span class="linenos" data-line="4"></span> <span class="o"><</span><span class="nx">div</span><span class="o">></span>
<span class="linenos" data-line="5"></span> <span class="o"><</span><span class="nx">p</span><span class="o">></span><span class="nx">Header</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="err">/p></span>
<span class="linenos" data-line="6"></span> <span class="o"><</span><span class="nx">p</span><span class="o">></span><span class="nx">Content</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="err">/p></span>
<span class="linenos" data-line="7"></span> <span class="o"><</span><span class="nx">p</span><span class="o">></span><span class="nx">Footer</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="err">/p></span>
<span class="linenos" data-line="8"></span> <span class="o"><</span><span class="err">/div></span>
<span class="linenos" data-line="9"></span> <span class="p">);</span>
<span class="linenos" data-line="10"></span> <span class="p">}</span>
<span class="linenos" data-line="11"></span><span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
<dl><dt>Nested elements</dt></dl>
<p>Multiple elements on the same level need to be wrapped in a single React element such as the <code><div></code> element shown above, a fragment delineated by <code><Fragment></code> or in its shorthand form <code><></code>, or returned as an array.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a></sup>
</p>
<dl><dt>Attributes</dt></dl>
<p>JSX provides a range of element attributes designed to mirror those provided by HTML. Custom attributes can also be passed to the component.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a></sup> All attributes will be received by the component as props.
</p>
<dl><dt>JavaScript expressions</dt></dl>
<p>JavaScript <a href="/wiki/Expression_(computer_science)" title="Expression (computer science)">expressions</a> (but not <a href="/wiki/Statement_(computer_science)" title="Statement (computer science)">statements</a>) can be used inside JSX with curly brackets <code>{}</code>:
</p>
<div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-js mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span> <span class="o"><</span><span class="nx">h1</span><span class="o">></span><span class="p">{</span><span class="mf">10</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mf">1</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="err">/h1></span>
</pre></div>
<p>The example above will render
</p>
<div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-html mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span> <span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">h1</span><span class="p">></span>11<span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">h1</span><span class="p">></span>
</pre></div>
<dl><dt>Conditional statements</dt></dl>
<p><a href="/wiki/Conditional_(computer_programming)" title="Conditional (computer programming)">If–else statements</a> cannot be used inside JSX but conditional expressions can be used instead.
The example below will render <code>{ i === 1 ? 'true' : 'false' }</code> as the string <code>'true'</code> because <code>i</code> is equal to 1.
</p>
<div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-js mw-content-ltr mw-highlight-lines" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="linenos" data-line="1"></span><span class="kd">class</span> <span class="nx">App</span> <span class="k">extends</span> <span class="nx">React</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Component</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="linenos" data-line="2"></span> <span class="nx">render</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="linenos" data-line="3"></span> <span class="kd">const</span> <span class="nx">i</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mf">1</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="linenos" data-line="4"></span> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="p">(</span>
<span class="linenos" data-line="5"></span> <span class="o"><</span><span class="nx">div</span><span class="o">></span>
<span class="linenos" data-line="6"></span> <span class="o"><</span><span class="nx">h1</span><span class="o">></span><span class="p">{</span> <span class="nx">i</span> <span class="o">===</span> <span class="mf">1</span> <span class="o">?</span> <span class="s1">'true'</span> <span class="o">:</span> <span class="s1">'false'</span> <span class="p">}</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="err">/h1></span>
<span class="linenos" data-line="7"></span> <span class="o"><</span><span class="err">/div></span>
<span class="linenos" data-line="8"></span> <span class="p">);</span>
<span class="linenos" data-line="9"></span> <span class="p">}</span>
<span class="linenos" data-line="10"></span><span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
<p>The above will render:
</p>
<div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-html mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">div</span><span class="p">></span>
<span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">h1</span><span class="p">></span>true<span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">h1</span><span class="p">></span>
<span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">div</span><span class="p">></span>
</pre></div>
<p>Functions and JSX can be used in conditionals:
</p>
<div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-js+genshitext mw-content-ltr mw-highlight-lines" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="linenos" data-line="1"></span><span class="kd">class</span> <span class="nx">App</span> <span class="k">extends</span> <span class="nx">React</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Component</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="linenos" data-line="2"></span> <span class="nx">render</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="linenos" data-line="3"></span> <span class="kd">const</span> <span class="nx">sections</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mf">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">3</span><span class="p">];</span>
<span class="linenos" data-line="4"></span> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="p">(</span>
<span class="linenos" data-line="5"></span> <span class="o"><</span><span class="nx">div</span><span class="o">></span>
<span class="linenos" data-line="6"></span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="nx">sections</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">length</span> <span class="o">></span> <span class="mf">0</span> <span class="o">&&</span> <span class="nx">sections</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">map</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">n</span> <span class="p">=></span> <span class="p">(</span>
<span class="linenos" data-line="7"></span> <span class="cm">/* 'key' is used by react to keep track of list items and their changes */</span>
<span class="linenos" data-line="8"></span> <span class="cm">/* Each 'key' must be unique */</span>
<span class="linenos" data-line="9"></span> <span class="o"><</span><span class="nx">div</span> <span class="nx">key</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="s2">"section-"</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="nx">n</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="o">></span><span class="nx">Section</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="err">/div></span>
<span class="linenos" data-line="10"></span> <span class="p">))}</span>
<span class="linenos" data-line="11"></span> <span class="o"><</span><span class="err">/div></span>
<span class="linenos" data-line="12"></span> <span class="p">);</span>
<span class="linenos" data-line="13"></span> <span class="p">}</span>
<span class="linenos" data-line="14"></span><span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
<p>The above will render:
</p>
<div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-html mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">div</span><span class="p">></span>
<span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">div</span><span class="p">></span>Section 1<span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">div</span><span class="p">></span>
<span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">div</span><span class="p">></span>Section 2<span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">div</span><span class="p">></span>
<span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">div</span><span class="p">></span>Section 3<span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">div</span><span class="p">></span>
<span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">div</span><span class="p">></span>
</pre></div>
<p>Code written in JSX requires conversion with a tool such as <a href="/wiki/Babel_(compiler)" class="mw-redirect" title="Babel (compiler)">Babel</a> before it can be understood by web browsers.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a></sup> This processing is generally performed during a <a href="/wiki/Software_build" title="Software build">software build</a> process before the application is <a href="/wiki/Software_deployment" title="Software deployment">deployed</a>.
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Architecture_beyond_HTML">Architecture beyond HTML</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=React_(JavaScript_library)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Architecture beyond HTML">edit source</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>The basic architecture of React applies beyond rendering HTML in the browser. For example, Facebook has dynamic charts that render to <code><canvas></code> tags,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a></sup> and Netflix and <a href="/wiki/PayPal" title="PayPal">PayPal</a> use universal loading to render identical HTML on both the server and client.<sup id="cite_ref-paypal-isomorphic-reactjs_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-paypal-isomorphic-reactjs-16">[16]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-netflix-isomorphic-reactjs_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-netflix-isomorphic-reactjs-17">[17]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="React_hooks">React hooks</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=React_(JavaScript_library)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: React hooks">edit source</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>Hooks are functions that let developers "hook into" React state and lifecycle features from function components.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a></sup> Hooks don’t work inside classes — they let you use React without classes.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a></sup>
</p><p>React provides a few built-in hooks like <code>useState</code>,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a></sup> <code>useContext</code>, <code>useReducer</code> and <code>useEffect</code>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a></sup> Others are documented in the Hooks API Reference.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a></sup> <code>useState</code> , <code>useReducer</code> and <code>useEffect</code>, which are the most used, are for controlling state and side effects respectively.
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Rules_of_hooks">Rules of hooks</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=React_(JavaScript_library)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Rules of hooks">edit source</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
<p>There are rules of hooks<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a></sup> which describe the characteristic code pattern that hooks rely on. It is the modern way to handle state with React.
</p>
<ol><li>Hooks should only be called at the top level (not inside loops or if statements).</li>
<li>Hooks should only be called from React function components, not normal functions or class components</li></ol>
<p>Although these rules can't be enforced at runtime, code analysis tools such as linters can be configured to detect many mistakes during development. The rules apply to both usage of hooks and the implementation of custom hooks,<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a></sup> which may call other hooks.
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Common_idioms">Common idioms</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=React_(JavaScript_library)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Common idioms">edit source</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>React does not attempt to provide a complete "application library". It is designed specifically for building user interfaces<sup id="cite_ref-react_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-react-3">[3]</a></sup> and therefore does not include many of the tools some developers might consider necessary to build an application. This allows the choice of whichever libraries the developer prefers to accomplish tasks such as performing network access or local data storage. Common patterns of usage have emerged as the library matures.
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Unidirectional_data_flow">Unidirectional data flow</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=React_(JavaScript_library)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Unidirectional data flow">edit source</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>To support React's concept of unidirectional data flow (which might be contrasted with <a href="/wiki/AngularJS" title="AngularJS">AngularJS</a>'s bidirectional flow), the Flux architecture was developed as an alternative to the popular <a href="/wiki/Model-view-controller" class="mw-redirect" title="Model-view-controller">model-view-controller</a> architecture. Flux features <i>actions</i> which are sent through a central <i>dispatcher</i> to a <i>store</i>, and changes to the store are propagated back to the view.<sup id="cite_ref-flux_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-flux-25">[25]</a></sup> When used with React, this propagation is accomplished through component properties. Since its conception, Flux has been superseded by libraries such as <a href="/wiki/Redux_(JavaScript_library)" title="Redux (JavaScript library)">Redux</a> and MobX.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a></sup>
</p><p>Flux can be considered a variant of the <a href="/wiki/Observer_pattern" title="Observer pattern">observer pattern</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a></sup>
</p><p>A React component under the Flux architecture should not directly modify any props passed to it, but should be passed callback functions that create <i>actions</i> which are sent by the dispatcher to modify the store. The action is an object whose responsibility is to describe what has taken place: for example, an action describing one user "following" another might contain a user id, a target user id, and the type <code>USER_FOLLOWED_ANOTHER_USER</code>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a></sup> The stores, which can be thought of as models, can alter themselves in response to actions received from the dispatcher.
</p><p>This pattern is sometimes expressed as "properties flow down, actions flow up". Many implementations of Flux have been created since its inception, perhaps the most well-known being <a href="/wiki/Redux_(JavaScript_library)" title="Redux (JavaScript library)">Redux</a>, which features a single store, often called a <a href="/wiki/Single_source_of_truth" title="Single source of truth">single source of truth</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Future_development">Future development</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=React_(JavaScript_library)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Future development">edit source</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>Project status can be tracked via the core team discussion forum.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a></sup> However, major changes to React go through the Future of React repository issues and <a href="/wiki/Pull_request" class="mw-redirect" title="Pull request">pull requests</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a></sup> This enables the React community to provide feedback on new potential features, experimental APIs and JavaScript syntax improvements.
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="History">History</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=React_(JavaScript_library)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: History">edit source</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>React was created by Jordan Walke, a software engineer at Facebook, who released an early prototype of React called "FaxJS".<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-papp_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-papp-34">[34]</a></sup> He was influenced by <a href="/wiki/XHP" title="XHP">XHP</a>, an <a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">HTML</a> component library for <a href="/wiki/PHP" title="PHP">PHP</a>. It was first deployed on Facebook's <a href="/wiki/News_Feed" title="News Feed">News Feed</a> in 2011 and later on <a href="/wiki/Instagram" title="Instagram">Instagram</a> in 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a></sup> It was open-sourced at JSConf US in May 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-papp_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-papp-34">[34]</a></sup>
</p><p><a href="/wiki/React_Native" title="React Native">React Native</a>, which enables native <a href="/wiki/Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android</a>, <a href="/wiki/IOS" title="IOS">iOS</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Universal_Windows_Platform" title="Universal Windows Platform">UWP</a> development with React, was announced at Facebook's React Conf in February 2015 and open-sourced in March 2015.
</p><p>On April 18, 2017, Facebook announced <a href="/wiki/React_Fiber" title="React Fiber">React Fiber</a>, a new core algorithm of React library for building <a href="/wiki/User_interface" title="User interface">user interfaces</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a></sup> React Fiber was to become the foundation of any future improvements and feature development of the React library.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="Last commit was in 2016. Is this statement still true? (June 2018)">needs update</span></a></i>]</sup>
</p><p>On September 26, 2017, React 16.0 was released to the public.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a></sup>
</p><p>On February 16, 2019, React 16.8 was released to the public.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a></sup> The release introduced React Hooks.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a></sup>
</p><p>On August 10, 2020, the React team announced the first release candidate for React v17.0, notable as the first major release without major changes to the React developer-facing API.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a></sup>
</p>
<table class="wikitable">
<caption>Versions
</caption>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Version
</th>
<th>Release Date
</th>
<th>Changes
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td>0.3.0
</td>
<td>29 May 2013
</td>
<td>Initial Public Release
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>0.4.0
</td>
<td>20 July 2013
</td>
<td>Support for comment nodes <div>{/* */}</div>, Improved server-side rendering APIs, Removed React.autoBind, Support for the key prop, Improvements to forms, Fixed bugs.
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>0.5.0
</td>
<td>20 October 2013
</td>
<td>Improve Memory usage, Support for Selection and Composition events, Support for getInitialState and getDefaultProps in mixins, Added React.version and React.isValidClass, Improved compatibility for Windows.
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>0.8.0
</td>
<td>20 December 2013
</td>
<td>Added support for rows & cols, defer & async, loop for <audio> & <video>, autoCorrect attributes. Added onContextMenu events, Upgraded jstransform and esprima-fb tools, Upgraded browserify.
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>0.9.0
</td>
<td>20 February 2014
</td>
<td>Added support for crossOrigin, download and hrefLang, mediaGroup and muted, sandbox, seamless, and srcDoc, scope attributes, Added any, arrayOf, component, oneOfType, renderable, shape to React.PropTypes, Added support for onMouseOver and onMouseOut event, Added support for onLoad and onError on <img> elements.
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>0.10.0
</td>
<td>21 March 2014
</td>
<td>Added support for srcSet and textAnchor attributes, add update function for immutable data, Ensure all void elements don't insert a closing tag.
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>0.11.0
</td>
<td>17 July 2014
</td>
<td>Improved SVG support, Normalized e.view event, Update $apply command, Added support for namespaces, Added new transformWithDetails API, includes pre-built packages under dist/, MyComponent() now returns a descriptor, not an instance.
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>0.12.0
</td>
<td>21 November 2014
</td>
<td>Added new features Spread operator ({...}) introduced to deprecate this.transferPropsTo, Added support for acceptCharset, classID, manifest HTML attributes, React.addons.batchedUpdates added to API, @jsx React.DOM no longer required, Fixed issues with CSS Transitions.
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>0.13.0
</td>
<td>10 March 2015
</td>
<td>Deprecated patterns that warned in 0.12 no longer work, ref resolution order has changed, Removed properties this._pendingState and this._rootNodeID, Support ES6 classes, Added API React.findDOMNode(component), Support for iterators and immutable-js sequences, Added new features React.addons.createFragment, deprecated React.addons.classSet.
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>0.14.1
</td>
<td>29 October 2015
</td>
<td>Added support for srcLang, default, kind attributes, and color attribute, Ensured legacy .props access on DOM nodes, Fixed scryRenderedDOMComponentsWithClass, Added react-dom.js.
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>15.0.0
</td>
<td>7 April 2016
</td>
<td>Initial render now uses document.createElement instead of generating HTML, No more extra <span>s, Improved SVG support, ReactPerf.getLastMeasurements() is opaque, New deprecations introduced with a warning, Fixed multiple small memory leaks, React DOM now supports the cite and profile HTML attributes and cssFloat, gridRow and gridColumn CSS properties.
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>15.1.0
</td>
<td>20 May 2016
</td>
<td>Fix a batching bug, Ensure use of the latest object-assign, Fix regression, Remove use of merge utility, Renamed some modules.
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>15.2.0
</td>
<td>1 July 2016
</td>
<td>Include component stack information, Stop validating props at mount time, Add React.PropTypes.symbol, Add onLoad handling to <link> and onError handling to <source> element, Add isRunning() API, Fix performance regression.
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>15.3.0
</td>
<td>30 July 2016
</td>
<td>Add React.PureComponent, Fix issue with nested server rendering, Add xmlns, xmlnsXlink to support SVG attributes and referrerPolicy to HTML attributes, updates React Perf Add-on, Fixed issue with ref.
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>15.3.1
</td>
<td>19 August 2016
</td>
<td>Improve performance of development builds, Cleanup internal hooks, Upgrade fbjs, Improve startup time of React, Fix memory leak in server rendering, fix React Test Renderer, Change trackedTouchCount invariant into a console.error.
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>15.4.0
</td>
<td>16 November 2016
</td>
<td>React package and browser build no longer includes React DOM, Improved development performance, Fixed occasional test failures, update batchedUpdates API, React Perf, and ReactTestRenderer.create().
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>15.4.1
</td>
<td>23 November 2016
</td>
<td>Restructure variable assignment, Fixed event handling, Fixed compatibility of browser build with AMD environments.
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>15.4.2
</td>
<td>6 January 2017
</td>
<td>Fixed build issues, Added missing package dependencies, Improved error messages.
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>15.5.0
</td>
<td>7 April 2017
</td>
<td>Added react-dom/test-utils, Removed peerDependencies, Fixed issue with Closure Compiler, Added a deprecation warning for React.createClass and React.PropTypes, Fixed Chrome bug.
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>15.5.4
</td>
<td>11 April 2017
</td>
<td>Fix compatibility with Enzyme by exposing batchedUpdates on shallow renderer, Update version of prop-types, Fix react-addons-create-fragment package to include loose-envify transform.
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>15.6.0
</td>
<td>13 June 2017
</td>
<td>Add support for CSS variables in style attribute and Grid style properties, Fix AMD support for addons depending on react, Remove unnecessary dependency, Add a deprecation warning for React.createClass and React.DOM factory helpers.
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>16.0.0
</td>
<td>26 September 2017
</td>
<td>Improved error handling with introduction of "error boundaries", React DOM allows passing non-standard attributes, Minor changes to setState behavior, remove react-with-addons.js build, Add React.createClass as create-react-class, React.PropTypes as prop-types, React.DOM as react-dom-factories, changes to the behavior of scheduling and lifecycle methods.
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>16.1.0
</td>
<td>9 November 2017
</td>
<td>Discontinuing Bower Releases, Fix an accidental extra global variable in the UMD builds, Fix onMouseEnter and onMouseLeave firing, Fix <textarea> placeholder, Remove unused code, Add a missing package.json dependency, Add support for React DevTools.
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>16.3.0
</td>
<td>29 March 2018
</td>
<td>Add a new officially supported context API, Add new packagePrevent an infinite loop when attempting to render portals with SSR, Fix an issue with this.state, Fix an IE/Edge issue.
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>16.3.1
</td>
<td>3 April 2018
</td>
<td>Prefix private API, Fix performance regression and error handling bugs in development mode, Add peer dependency, Fix a false positive warning in IE11 when using Fragment.
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>16.3.2
</td>
<td>16 April 2018
</td>
<td>Fix an IE crash, Fix labels in User Timing measurements, Add a UMD build, Improve performance of unstable_observedBits API with nesting.
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>16.4.0
</td>
<td>24 May 2018
</td>
<td>Add support for Pointer Events specification, Add the ability to specify propTypes, Fix reading context, Fix the getDerivedStateFromProps() support, Fix a testInstance.parent crash, Add React.unstable_Profiler component for measuring performance, Change internal event names.
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>16.5.0
</td>
<td>5 September 2018
</td>
<td>Add support for React DevTools Profiler, Handle errors in more edge cases gracefully, Add react-dom/profiling, Add onAuxClick event for browsers, Add movementX and movementY fields to mouse events, Add tangentialPressure and twist fields to pointer event.
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>16.6.0
</td>
<td>23 October 2018
</td>
<td>Add support for contextType, Support priority levels, continuations, and wrapped callbacks, Improve the fallback mechanism, Fix gray overlay on iOS Safari, Add React.lazy() for code splitting components.
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>16.7.0
</td>
<td>20 December 2018
</td>
<td>Fix performance of React.lazy for lazily-loaded components, Clear fields on unmount to avoid memory leaks, Fix bug with SSR, Fix a performance regression.
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>16.8.0
</td>
<td>6 February 2019
</td>
<td>Add Hooks, Add ReactTestRenderer.act() and ReactTestUtils.act() for batching updates, Support synchronous thenables passed to React.lazy(), Improve useReducer Hook lazy initialization API.
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>16.8.6
</td>
<td>27 March 2019
</td>
<td>Fix an incorrect bailout in useReducer(), Fix iframe warnings in Safari DevTools, Warn if contextType is set to Context.Consumer instead of Context, Warn if contextType is set to invalid values.
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>16.9.0
</td>
<td>9 August 2019
</td>
<td>Add <React.Profiler> API for gathering performance measurements programmatically. Remove unstable_ConcurrentMode in favor of unstable_createRoot
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>16.10.0
</td>
<td>27 September 2019
</td>
<td>Fix edge case where a hook update wasn't being memoized. Fix heuristic for determining when to hydrate, so we don't incorrectly hydrate during an update. Clear additional fiber fields during unmount to save memory. Fix bug with required text fields in Firefox. Prefer Object.is instead of inline polyfill, when available. Fix bug when mixing Suspense and error handling.
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>16.10.1
</td>
<td>28 September 2019
</td>
<td>Fix regression in Next.js apps by allowing Suspense mismatch during hydration to silently proceed
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>16.10.2
</td>
<td>3 October 2019
</td>
<td>Fix regression in react-native-web by restoring order of arguments in event plugin extractors
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>16.11.0
</td>
<td>22 October 2019
</td>
<td>Fix mouseenter handlers from firing twice inside nested React containers. Remove unstable_createRoot and unstable_createSyncRoot experimental APIs. (These are available in the Experimental channel as createRoot and createSyncRoot.)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>16.12.0
</td>
<td>14 November 2019
</td>
<td>React DOM - Fix passive effects (<code>useEffect</code>) not being fired in a multi-root app.
<p>React Is - Fix <code>lazy</code> and <code>memo</code> types considered elements instead of components
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>16.13.0
</td>
<td>26 February 2020
</td>
<td>Features added in React Concurrent mode.
<p>Fix regressions in React core library and React Dom.
</p>
</td>
<td>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>16.13.1
</td>
<td>19 March 2020
</td>
<td>Fix bug in legacy mode Suspense.
<p>Revert warning for cross-component updates that happen inside class render lifecycles
</p>
</td>
<td>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>16.14.0
</td>
<td>14 October 2020
</td>
<td>Add support for the new JSX transform.
</td>
<td>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>17.0.0
</td>
<td>20 October 2020
</td>
<td>"No New Features" enables gradual React updates from older versions.
<p>Add new JSX Transform, Changes to Event Delegation
</p>
</td>
<td>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>17.0.1
</td>
<td>22 October 2020
</td>
<td>React DOM - Fixes a crash in IE11
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Licensing">Licensing</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=React_(JavaScript_library)&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Licensing">edit source</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2><p>
The initial public release of React in May 2013 used the <a href="/wiki/Apache_License_2.0" class="mw-redirect" title="Apache License 2.0">Apache License 2.0</a>. In October 2014, React 0.12.0 replaced this with the <a href="/wiki/BSD_licenses#3-clause" title="BSD licenses">3-clause BSD license</a> and added a separate PATENTS text file that permits usage of any Facebook patents related to the software:<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a></sup></p><blockquote><p>The license granted hereunder will terminate, automatically and without notice, for anyone that makes any claim (including by filing any lawsuit, assertion or other action) alleging (a) direct, indirect, or contributory infringement or inducement to infringe any patent: (i) by Facebook or any of its subsidiaries or affiliates, whether or not such claim is related to the Software, (ii) by any party if such claim arises in whole or in part from any software, product or service of Facebook or any of its subsidiaries or affiliates, whether or not such claim is related to the Software, or (iii) by any party relating to the Software; or (b) that any right in any patent claim of Facebook is invalid or unenforceable.</p></blockquote><p>This unconventional clause caused some controversy and debate in the React user community, because it could be interpreted to empower Facebook to revoke the license in many scenarios, for example, if Facebook sues the licensee prompting them to take "other action" by publishing the action on a blog or elsewhere. Many expressed concerns that Facebook could unfairly exploit the termination clause or that integrating React into a product might complicate a startup company's future acquisition.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a></sup>
</p><p>Based on community feedback, Facebook updated the patent grant in April 2015 to be less ambiguous and more permissive:<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a></sup>
</p>
<blockquote><p>The license granted hereunder will terminate, automatically and without notice, if you (or any of your subsidiaries, corporate affiliates or agents) initiate directly or indirectly, or take a direct financial interest in, any Patent Assertion: (i) against Facebook or any of its subsidiaries or corporate affiliates, (ii) against any party if such Patent Assertion arises in whole or in part from any software, technology, product or service of Facebook or any of its subsidiaries or corporate affiliates, or (iii) against any party relating to the Software. [...] A "Patent Assertion" is any lawsuit or other action alleging direct, indirect, or contributory infringement or inducement to infringe any patent, including a cross-claim or counterclaim.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a></sup></p></blockquote>
<p>The <a href="/wiki/Apache_Software_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Apache Software Foundation">Apache Software Foundation</a> considered this licensing arrangement to be incompatible with its licensing policies, as it "passes along risk to downstream consumers of our software imbalanced in favor of the licensor, not the licensee, thereby violating our Apache legal policy of being a universal donor", and "are not a subset of those found in the [Apache License 2.0], and they cannot be sublicensed as [Apache License 2.0]".<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a></sup> In August 2017, Facebook dismissed the Apache Foundation's downstream concerns and refused to reconsider their license.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a></sup> The following month, <a href="/wiki/WordPress" title="WordPress">WordPress</a> decided to switch its Gutenberg and Calypso projects away from React.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a></sup>
</p><p>On September 23, 2017, Facebook announced that the following week, it would re-license Flow, <a href="/wiki/Jest_(JavaScript_framework)" title="Jest (JavaScript framework)">Jest</a>, React, and Immutable.js under a standard <a href="/wiki/MIT_License" title="MIT License">MIT License</a>; the company stated that React was "the foundation of a broad ecosystem of open source software for the web", and that they did not want to "hold back forward progress for nontechnical reasons".<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a></sup>
</p><p>On September 26, 2017, React 16.0.0 was released with the MIT license.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a></sup> The MIT license change has also been backported to the 15.x release line with React 15.6.2.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=React_(JavaScript_library)&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: See also">edit source</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r936637989">.mw-parser-output .portal{border:solid #aaa 1px;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .portal.tleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portal.tright{margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}.mw-parser-output .portal>ul{display:table;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0.1em;max-width:175px;background:#f9f9f9;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portal>ul>li{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .portal>ul>li>span:first-child{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portal>ul>li>span:last-child{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}</style><div role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portal plainlist tright">
<ul>
<li><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg/28px-Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="noviewer" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg/42px-Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg/56px-Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Free_and_open-source_software" title="Portal:Free and open-source software">Free and open-source software portal</a></span></li></ul></div>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/React_Native" title="React Native">React Native</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/AngularJS" title="AngularJS">AngularJS</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Angular_(web_framework)" title="Angular (web framework)">Angular</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Backbone.js" title="Backbone.js">Backbone.js</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ember.js" title="Ember.js">Ember.js</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Svelte" title="Svelte">Svelte</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Vue.js" title="Vue.js">Vue.js</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_JavaScript_libraries" class="mw-redirect" title="Comparison of JavaScript libraries">Comparison of JavaScript libraries</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Web_Components" title="Web Components">Web Components</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.syncfusion.com/ebooks/react-succinctly">React Succinctly Free Ebook</a></li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=React_(JavaScript_library)&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: References">edit source</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
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<li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://techcrunch.com/2017/09/15/wordpress-to-ditch-react-library-over-facebook-patent-clause-risk/">"WordPress to ditch React library over Facebook patent clause risk"</a>. <i>TechCrunch</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-09-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TechCrunch&rft.atitle=WordPress+to+ditch+React+library+over+Facebook+patent+clause+risk&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftechcrunch.com%2F2017%2F09%2F15%2Fwordpress-to-ditch-react-library-over-facebook-patent-clause-risk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReact+%28JavaScript+library%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://code.facebook.com/posts/300798627056246/relicensing-react-jest-flow-and-immutable-js/">"Relicensing React, Jest, Flow, and Immutable.js"</a>. <i>Facebook Code</i>. 2017-09-23.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Facebook+Code&rft.atitle=Relicensing+React%2C+Jest%2C+Flow%2C+and+Immutable.js&rft.date=2017-09-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcode.facebook.com%2Fposts%2F300798627056246%2Frelicensing-react-jest-flow-and-immutable-js%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReact+%28JavaScript+library%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFClark2017" class="citation web cs1">Clark, Andrew (September 26, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://reactjs.org/blog/2017/09/26/react-v16.0.html#mit-licensed">"React v16.0§MIT licensed"</a>. <i>React Blog</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=React+Blog&rft.atitle=React+v16.0%C2%A7MIT+licensed&rft.date=2017-09-26&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freactjs.org%2Fblog%2F2017%2F09%2F26%2Freact-v16.0.html%23mit-licensed&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReact+%28JavaScript+library%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFHunzaker2017" class="citation web cs1">Hunzaker, Nathan (September 25, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://reactjs.org/blog/2017/09/25/react-v15.6.2.html">"React v15.6.2"</a>. <i>React Blog</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=React+Blog&rft.atitle=React+v15.6.2&rft.date=2017-09-25&rft.aulast=Hunzaker&rft.aufirst=Nathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freactjs.org%2Fblog%2F2017%2F09%2F25%2Freact-v15.6.2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReact+%28JavaScript+library%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=React_(JavaScript_library)&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: External links">edit source</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://reactjs.org/">Official website</a></span></span> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19399674#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" style="vertical-align: text-top" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li>
<li>[[ <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://onlinelibrary021.blogspot.com/2021/04/the-great-benefits-of-learning-react-js.html">React: the most popular javascript library</a> ]]</li></ul>
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<li><a href="/wiki/RIFE" title="RIFE">RIFE</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/JBoss_Seam" title="JBoss Seam">Seam</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Sling" title="Apache Sling">Sling</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Spring_Framework#Model-view-controller_framework" title="Spring Framework">Spring</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Stripes_(framework)" title="Stripes (framework)">Stripes</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Struts_2" title="Apache Struts 2">Struts</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Tapestry" title="Apache Tapestry">Tapestry</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Vaadin" title="Vaadin">Vaadin</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Vert.x" title="Vert.x">Vert.x</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Wicket" title="Apache Wicket">Wicket</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/WaveMaker" title="WaveMaker">WaveMaker</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/ZK_(framework)" title="ZK (framework)">ZK</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angular_(web_framework)" title="Angular (web framework)">Angular</a>/<a href="/wiki/AngularJS" title="AngularJS">AngularJS</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Backbone.js" title="Backbone.js">Backbone.js</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Chaplin.js" title="Chaplin.js">Chaplin.js</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Google_Closure_Tools" title="Google Closure Tools">Closure</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Dojo_Toolkit" title="Dojo Toolkit">Dojo Toolkit</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ember.js" title="Ember.js">Ember.js</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Express.js" title="Express.js">Express.js</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ext_JS" title="Ext JS">Ext JS</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/JQuery" title="JQuery">jQuery</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Knockout.js" class="mw-redirect" title="Knockout.js">Knockout.js</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Meteor_(web_framework)" title="Meteor (web framework)">Meteor</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/MooTools" title="MooTools">MooTools</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Node.js" title="Node.js">Node.js</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/OpenUI5" title="OpenUI5">OpenUI5</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Prototype_JavaScript_Framework" title="Prototype JavaScript Framework">Prototype</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">React</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Rico_(Ajax)" title="Rico (Ajax)">Rico</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Script.aculo.us" title="Script.aculo.us">script.aculo.us</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sencha_Touch" title="Sencha Touch">Sencha Touch</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/SproutCore" title="SproutCore">SproutCore</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Svelte" title="Svelte">Svelte</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Vue.js" title="Vue.js">Vue.js</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Wakanda_(software)" title="Wakanda (software)">Wakanda</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Perl" title="Perl">Perl</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catalyst_(software)" title="Catalyst (software)">Catalyst</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Dancer_(software)" title="Dancer (software)">Dancer</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mason_(Perl)" title="Mason (Perl)">Mason</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Maypole_framework" class="mw-redirect" title="Maypole framework">Maypole</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mojolicious" title="Mojolicious">Mojolicious</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/WebGUI" title="WebGUI">WebGUI</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/PHP" title="PHP">PHP</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/CakePHP" title="CakePHP">CakePHP</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/CodeIgniter" title="CodeIgniter">CodeIgniter</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Drupal" title="Drupal">Drupal</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fat-Free_Framework" title="Fat-Free Framework">Fat-Free</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/FuelPHP" title="FuelPHP">FuelPHP</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/TYPO3_Flow" class="mw-redirect" title="TYPO3 Flow">Flow</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Grav_(CMS)" title="Grav (CMS)">Grav</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Gyroscope_(software)" title="Gyroscope (software)">Gyroscope</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Horde_(software)" title="Horde (software)">Horde</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Joomla" title="Joomla">Joomla</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Kohana_(framework)" title="Kohana (framework)">Kohana</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Laminas" title="Laminas">Laminas</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Laravel" title="Laravel">Laravel</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lithium_(software)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lithium (software)">Lithium</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Midgard_(software)" title="Midgard (software)">Midgard</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/MODX" title="MODX">MODX</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Nette_Framework" title="Nette Framework">Nette</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Phalcon_(framework)" title="Phalcon (framework)">Phalcon</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/PHP-Fusion" title="PHP-Fusion">PHP-Fusion</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pop_PHP_Framework" title="Pop PHP Framework">Pop PHP</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/PRADO_(framework)" title="PRADO (framework)">PRADO</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/ProcessWire" title="ProcessWire">ProcessWire</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Qcodo" title="Qcodo">Qcodo</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Silex_(web_framework)" title="Silex (web framework)">Silex</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/SilverStripe" class="mw-redirect" title="SilverStripe">SilverStripe</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Symfony" title="Symfony">Symfony</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/TYPO3" title="TYPO3">TYPO3</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/WordPress" title="WordPress">WordPress</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/XOOPS" title="XOOPS">XOOPS</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Yii" title="Yii">Yii</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Python_(programming_language)" title="Python (programming language)">Python</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zope#BlueBream" title="Zope">BlueBream</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Bottle_(web_framework)" title="Bottle (web framework)">Bottle</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/CherryPy" title="CherryPy">CherryPy</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/CubicWeb" title="CubicWeb">CubicWeb</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Django_(web_framework)" title="Django (web framework)">Django</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/FastAPI" class="mw-redirect" title="FastAPI">FastAPI</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Flask_(web_framework)" title="Flask (web framework)">Flask</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Grok_(web_framework)" title="Grok (web framework)">Grok</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Nevow" title="Nevow">Nevow</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pyjs" title="Pyjs">Pyjs</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pylons_project#Pylons_Framework" title="Pylons project">Pylons</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pylons_project#Pyramid" title="Pylons project">Pyramid</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Quixote_(web_framework)" title="Quixote (web framework)">Quixote</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/TACTIC_(web_framework)" title="TACTIC (web framework)">TACTIC</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tornado_(web_server)" title="Tornado (web server)">Tornado</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/TurboGears" title="TurboGears">TurboGears</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Web2py" title="Web2py">web2py</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Webware_for_Python" title="Webware for Python">Webware</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Zope#Zope_2" title="Zope">Zope 2</a></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Category:Python_(programming_language)_web_frameworks" title="Category:Python (programming language) web frameworks">more</a></i>...</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ruby_(programming_language)" title="Ruby (programming language)">Ruby</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camping_(microframework)" title="Camping (microframework)">Camping</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Merb" title="Merb">Merb</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Padrino_(web_framework)" title="Padrino (web framework)">Padrino</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ruby_on_Rails" title="Ruby on Rails">Ruby on Rails</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sinatra_(software)" title="Sinatra (software)">Sinatra</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rust_(programming_language)" title="Rust (programming language)">Rust</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rocket_(web_framework)" title="Rocket (web framework)">Rocket</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Scala_(programming_language)" title="Scala (programming language)">Scala</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lift_(web_framework)" title="Lift (web framework)">Lift</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Play_framework" class="mw-redirect" title="Play framework">Play</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Scalatra" title="Scalatra">Scalatra</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Smalltalk" title="Smalltalk">Smalltalk</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/AIDA/Web" title="AIDA/Web">AIDA/Web</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Seaside_(software)" title="Seaside (software)">Seaside</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other languages</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vibe.d" title="Vibe.d">Vibe.d</a> (<a href="/wiki/D_(programming_language)" title="D (programming language)">D</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Oracle_Application_Express" title="Oracle Application Express">Application Express</a> (<a href="/wiki/PL/SQL" title="PL/SQL">PL/SQL</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Grails_(framework)" title="Grails (framework)">Grails</a> (<a href="/wiki/Groovy_(programming_language)" class="mw-redirect" title="Groovy (programming language)">Groovy</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Kepler_(software)" title="Kepler (software)">Kepler</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lua_(programming_language)" title="Lua (programming language)">Lua</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/OpenACS" class="mw-redirect" title="OpenACS">OpenACS</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tcl" title="Tcl">Tcl</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Phoenix_(web_framework)" title="Phoenix (web framework)">Phoenix</a> (<a href="/wiki/Elixir_(programming_language)" title="Elixir (programming language)">Elixir</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/SproutCore" title="SproutCore">SproutCore</a> (<a href="/wiki/JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a>-<a href="/wiki/Ruby_(programming_language)" title="Ruby (programming language)">Ruby</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Yaws_(web_server)" title="Yaws (web server)">Yaws</a> (<a href="/wiki/Erlang_(programming_language)" title="Erlang (programming language)">Erlang</a>)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="ECMAScript" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r992953826"/><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:ECMAScript" title="Template:ECMAScript"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:ECMAScript" title="Template talk:ECMAScript"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:ECMAScript&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="ECMAScript" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/ECMAScript" title="ECMAScript">ECMAScript</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dialects</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/ActionScript" title="ActionScript">ActionScript</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Caja_project" title="Caja project">Caja</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/JavaScript_engine" title="JavaScript engine">engines</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Asm.js" title="Asm.js">asm.js</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/JScript" title="JScript">JScript</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/JScript_.NET" title="JScript .NET">JScript .NET</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/QtScript" title="QtScript">QtScript</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/TypeScript" title="TypeScript">TypeScript</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/WMLScript" title="WMLScript">WMLScript</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_ECMAScript_engines" title="List of ECMAScript engines">Engines</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_JavaScript_engines" title="Comparison of JavaScript engines">comparison</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presto_(layout_engine)#JavaScript_engines" class="mw-redirect" title="Presto (layout engine)">Carakan</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Presto_(layout_engine)#JavaScript_engines" class="mw-redirect" title="Presto (layout engine)">Futhark</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/InScript_(JavaScript_engine)" title="InScript (JavaScript engine)">InScript</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/WebKit#JavaScriptCore" title="WebKit">JavaScriptCore</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/JScript" title="JScript">JScript</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/KJS_(software)" title="KJS (software)">KJS</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Presto_(layout_engine)#ECMAScript_engines" class="mw-redirect" title="Presto (layout engine)">Linear B</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Narcissus_(JavaScript_engine)" title="Narcissus (JavaScript engine)">Narcissus</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/QtScript" title="QtScript">QtScript</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Rhino_(JavaScript_engine)" title="Rhino (JavaScript engine)">Rhino</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/SpiderMonkey" title="SpiderMonkey">SpiderMonkey</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/SpiderMonkey#TraceMonkey" title="SpiderMonkey">TraceMonkey</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/SpiderMonkey#JägerMonkey" title="SpiderMonkey">JägerMonkey</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tamarin_(software)" title="Tamarin (software)">Tamarin</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/V8_(JavaScript_engine)" title="V8 (JavaScript engine)">V8</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Chakra_(JavaScript_engine)" title="Chakra (JavaScript engine)">ChakraCore</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chakra_(JScript_engine)" title="Chakra (JScript engine)">Chakra</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/JScript_.NET" title="JScript .NET">JScript .NET</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Nashorn_(JavaScript_engine)" title="Nashorn (JavaScript engine)">Nashorn</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Software_framework" title="Software framework">Frameworks</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Client-side_JavaScript" class="mw-redirect" title="Client-side JavaScript">Client-side</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chaplin.js" title="Chaplin.js">Chaplin.js</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Dojo_Toolkit" title="Dojo Toolkit">Dojo</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Echo_(framework)" title="Echo (framework)">Echo</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ext_JS" title="Ext JS">Ext JS</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Google_Web_Toolkit" title="Google Web Toolkit">Google Web Toolkit</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/JQuery" title="JQuery">jQuery</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lively_Kernel" title="Lively Kernel">Lively Kernel</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Midori_JavaScript_Framework" title="Midori JavaScript Framework">midori</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/MochiKit" title="MochiKit">MochiKit</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/MooTools" title="MooTools">MooTools</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Prototype_JavaScript_Framework" title="Prototype JavaScript Framework">Prototype</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pyjs" title="Pyjs">Pyjs</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Qooxdoo" title="Qooxdoo">qooxdoo</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Rialto_Toolkit" title="Rialto Toolkit">Rialto</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Rico_(Ajax)" title="Rico (Ajax)">Rico</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Script.aculo.us" title="Script.aculo.us">script.aculo.us</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/SproutCore" title="SproutCore">SproutCore</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Spry_framework" title="Spry framework">Spry</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Wakanda_(software)" title="Wakanda (software)">Wakanda Framework</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Server-side_JavaScript" class="mw-redirect" title="Server-side JavaScript">Server-side</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/AppJet" title="AppJet">AppJet</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Deno_(software)" title="Deno (software)">Deno</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Jaxer#Aptana_Jaxer" class="mw-redirect" title="Jaxer">Jaxer</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Node.js" title="Node.js">Node.js</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Wakanda_(software)" title="Wakanda (software)">WakandaDB</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Multiple</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cappuccino_(application_development_framework)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cappuccino (application development framework)">Cappuccino</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Objective-J" title="Objective-J">Objective-J</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/PureMVC" title="PureMVC">PureMVC</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/JavaScript_library" title="JavaScript library">Libraries</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Backbone.js" title="Backbone.js">Backbone.js</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/SWFObject" title="SWFObject">SWFObject</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/SWFAddress" title="SWFAddress">SWFAddress</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Underscore.js" title="Underscore.js">Underscore.js</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brendan_Eich" title="Brendan Eich">Brendan Eich</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Crockford" title="Douglas Crockford">Douglas Crockford</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/John_Resig" title="John Resig">John Resig</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Isaacs" title="Scott Isaacs">Scott Isaacs</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dynamic_HTML" title="Dynamic HTML">DHTML</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ecma_International" title="Ecma International">Ecma International</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/JSDoc" title="JSDoc">JSDoc</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/JSGI" title="JSGI">JSGI</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/JSHint" title="JSHint">JSHint</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/JSLint" title="JSLint">JSLint</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/JSON" title="JSON">JSON</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/JavaScript_Style_Sheets" title="JavaScript Style Sheets">JSSS</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sputnik_(JavaScript_conformance_test)" title="Sputnik (JavaScript conformance test)">Sputnik</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Browser_speed_test#SunSpider" title="Browser speed test">SunSpider</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Asynchronous_module_definition" title="Asynchronous module definition">Asynchronous module definition</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/CommonJS" title="CommonJS">CommonJS</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>
<dl><dt><img alt="List-Class article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" title="List-Class article" width="16" height="16" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> Lists</dt>
<dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_JavaScript_libraries" title="List of JavaScript libraries">JavaScript libraries</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ajax_frameworks#JavaScript" title="List of Ajax frameworks">Ajax frameworks</a></dd>
<dt><img alt="List-Class article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" title="List-Class article" width="16" height="16" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> Comparisons</dt>
<dd><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_JavaScript_frameworks" title="Comparison of JavaScript frameworks">JavaScript frameworks</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_server-side_JavaScript_solutions" class="mw-redirect" title="Comparison of server-side JavaScript solutions">server-side JavaScript</a></dd></dl>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Facebook,_Inc." style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r992953826"/><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Facebook_navbox" title="Template:Facebook navbox"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Facebook_navbox" title="Template talk:Facebook navbox"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Facebook_navbox&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Facebook,_Inc." style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Facebook,_Inc." title="Facebook, Inc.">Facebook, Inc.</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Website</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook.com</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Facebook_features" title="List of Facebook features">Features</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Facebook_Beacon" title="Facebook Beacon">Beacon</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Facebook_Bluetooth_Beacon" title="Facebook Bluetooth Beacon">Bluetooth Beacon</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Facebook_Credits" title="Facebook Credits">Credits</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Facebook_Dating" title="Facebook Dating">Dating</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/EdgeRank" title="EdgeRank">EdgeRank</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Facebook_Gaming" class="mw-redirect" title="Facebook Gaming">Gaming</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Facebook_Graph_Search" title="Facebook Graph Search">Graph Search</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Facebook_Instant_Articles" title="Facebook Instant Articles">Instant Articles</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Facebook_like_button" title="Facebook like button">Like button</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Facebook_Live" class="mw-redirect" title="Facebook Live">Live</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Facebookcorewwwi.onion" title="Facebookcorewwwi.onion">facebookcorewwwi.onion</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Facebook_Platform" title="Facebook Platform">Platform</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Facebook_Platform#Facebook_Connect" title="Facebook Platform">Connect</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Facebook_Safety_Check" title="Facebook Safety Check">Safety Check</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Facebook_Stories" title="Facebook Stories">Stories</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Facebook_Watch" title="Facebook Watch">Watch</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Facebook_Watch_original_programming" title="List of Facebook Watch original programming">List of original programs</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Facebook_Zero" title="Facebook Zero">Zero</a></li></ul>
</div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Facebook,_Inc._Logo_2019.svg" class="image"><img alt="Facebook, Inc. Logo 2019.svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Facebook%2C_Inc._Logo_2019.svg/100px-Facebook%2C_Inc._Logo_2019.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="11" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Facebook%2C_Inc._Logo_2019.svg/150px-Facebook%2C_Inc._Logo_2019.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Facebook%2C_Inc._Logo_2019.svg/200px-Facebook%2C_Inc._Logo_2019.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="88" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other<br />products</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlas_Solutions" title="Atlas Solutions">Atlas Solutions</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Express_Wi-Fi" title="Express Wi-Fi">Express Wi-Fi</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Giphy" title="Giphy">Giphy</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Internet.org" title="Internet.org">Free Basics</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Instagram" title="Instagram">Instagram</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hyperlapse_(application)" title="Hyperlapse (application)">Hyperlapse</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/IGTV" title="IGTV">IGTV</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most-followed_Instagram_accounts" title="List of most-followed Instagram accounts">List of most followed accounts</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most-liked_Instagram_posts" title="List of most-liked Instagram posts">List of most liked pictures</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Facebook_Messenger" title="Facebook Messenger">Messenger</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Messenger_Kids" title="Messenger Kids">Kids</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Facebook_Messenger_Rooms" title="Facebook Messenger Rooms">Rooms</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mapillary" title="Mapillary">Mapillary</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Oculus_Quest" title="Oculus Quest">Oculus Quest</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oculus_Quest_2" title="Oculus Quest 2">2</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Oculus_Rift" title="Oculus Rift">Oculus Rift</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oculus_Rift_CV1" title="Oculus Rift CV1">CV1</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Oculus_Rift_S" title="Oculus Rift S">S</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Oculus_Go" title="Oculus Go">Oculus Go</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Oculus_Touch" title="Oculus Touch">Oculus Touch</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Facebook_Portal" title="Facebook Portal">Portal</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/WhatsApp" title="WhatsApp">WhatsApp</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Workplace_by_Facebook" class="mw-redirect" title="Workplace by Facebook">Workplace</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/FriendFeed" title="FriendFeed">FriendFeed</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Facebook_Home" title="Facebook Home">Home</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/HTC_First" title="HTC First">HTC First</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/M_(virtual_assistant)" title="M (virtual assistant)">M</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Onavo" title="Onavo">Onavo</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Facebook_Paper" title="Facebook Paper">Paper</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Facebook_Slingshot" title="Facebook Slingshot">Slingshot</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tbh_(app)" title="Tbh (app)">tbh</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Wirehog" title="Wirehog">Wirehog</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Founders</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Zuckerberg" title="Mark Zuckerberg">Mark Zuckerberg</a> (28% equity)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Dustin_Moskovitz" title="Dustin Moskovitz">Dustin Moskovitz</a> (7%)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Eduardo_Saverin" title="Eduardo Saverin">Eduardo Saverin</a> (<i>5%, formerly</i>)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Hughes" title="Chris Hughes">Chris Hughes</a> (<i>1%, formerly</i>)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_McCollum" title="Andrew McCollum">Andrew McCollum</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Board</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Zuckerberg" title="Mark Zuckerberg">Mark Zuckerberg</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sheryl_Sandberg" title="Sheryl Sandberg">Sheryl Sandberg</a></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peggy_Alford&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peggy Alford (page does not exist)">Peggy Alford</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Marc_Andreessen" title="Marc Andreessen">Marc Andreessen</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Drew_Houston" title="Drew Houston">Drew Houston</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Killefer" title="Nancy Killefer">Nancy Killefer</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Robert_M._Kimmitt" title="Robert M. Kimmitt">Robert M. Kimmitt</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Thiel" title="Peter Thiel">Peter Thiel</a></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tracey_Travis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tracey Travis (page does not exist)">Tracey Travis</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Executive<br />officers</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Zuckerberg" title="Mark Zuckerberg">Mark Zuckerberg</a> (Chairman and CEO)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sheryl_Sandberg" title="Sheryl Sandberg">Sheryl Sandberg</a> (COO)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/David_Wehner" title="David Wehner">David Wehner</a> (CFO)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Schroepfer" title="Mike Schroepfer">Mike Schroepfer</a> (CTO)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Cox_(Facebook)" title="Chris Cox (Facebook)">Chris Cox</a> (Chief Product Officer)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sean_Parker" title="Sean Parker">Sean Parker</a> (<i>4%, formerly</i>)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Owen_Van_Natta" title="Owen Van Natta">Owen Van Natta</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Gideon_Yu" title="Gideon Yu">Gideon Yu</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Adam_D%27Angelo" title="Adam D'Angelo">Adam D'Angelo</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Kelly_(entrepreneur)" title="Chris Kelly (entrepreneur)">Chris Kelly</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Bret_Taylor" title="Bret Taylor">Bret Taylor</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/David_Ebersman" title="David Ebersman">David Ebersman</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notable<br />employees</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Clegg" title="Nick Clegg">Nick Clegg</a> (VP of Global Affairs and Communications)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lars_Rasmussen_(software_developer)" title="Lars Rasmussen (software developer)">Lars Rasmussen</a> (Graph Search director)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/John_Carmack" title="John Carmack">John Carmack</a> (CTO of <a href="/wiki/Oculus_VR" class="mw-redirect" title="Oculus VR">Oculus VR</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Barra" title="Hugo Barra">Hugo Barra</a> (VP of <a href="/wiki/Oculus_VR" class="mw-redirect" title="Oculus VR">Oculus VR</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Naomi_Gleit" title="Naomi Gleit">Naomi Gleit</a> (VP of social good)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blake_Ross" title="Blake Ross">Blake Ross</a> (Director of Product)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Ullyot" title="Ted Ullyot">Ted Ullyot</a> (VP, General Counsel, and Secretary)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Matt_Cohler" title="Matt Cohler">Matt Cohler</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Cheever" title="Charlie Cheever">Charlie Cheever</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Randi_Zuckerberg" title="Randi Zuckerberg">Randi Zuckerberg</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Yishan_Wong" title="Yishan Wong">Yishan Wong</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/George_Hotz" title="George Hotz">George Hotz</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Lockhart" title="Joe Lockhart">Joe Lockhart</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Andrei_Alexandrescu" title="Andrei Alexandrescu">Andrei Alexandrescu</a> (research scientist)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Elliot_Schrage" title="Elliot Schrage">Elliot Schrage</a> (VP of Global Communications, Marketing and Public Policy)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Open source</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Cassandra" title="Apache Cassandra">Apache Cassandra</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Hive" title="Apache Hive">Apache Hive</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Thrift" title="Apache Thrift">Apache Thrift</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Buck_(software)" title="Buck (software)">Buck</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Facebook_Query_Language" title="Facebook Query Language">FQL</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hack_(programming_language)" title="Hack (programming language)">Hack</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/HHVM" title="HHVM">HHVM</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/HipHop_for_PHP" title="HipHop for PHP">HipHop for PHP</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Infer_Static_Analyzer" title="Infer Static Analyzer">Infer</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/MyRocks" title="MyRocks">MyRocks</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Open_Compute_Project" title="Open Compute Project">Open Compute Project</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Phabricator" title="Phabricator">Phabricator</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">React</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/React_Native" title="React Native">React Native</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/RocksDB" title="RocksDB">RocksDB</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Scribe_(log_server)" title="Scribe (log server)">Scribe</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Telecom_Infra_Project" title="Telecom Infra Project">Telecom Infra Project</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tornado_(web_server)" title="Tornado (web server)">Tornado</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mass media</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Facebook_Effect" title="The Facebook Effect">The Facebook Effect</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Accidental_Billionaires" title="The Accidental Billionaires">The Accidental Billionaires</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Social_Network" title="The Social Network">The Social Network</a></i></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Activity_stream" title="Activity stream">Activity stream</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Social_graph" title="Social graph">Social graph</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Friending_and_following" title="Friending and following">Friending and following</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Reblogging" title="Reblogging">Reblogging</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fan-gating" title="Fan-gating">Fan-gating</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Facebook_diplomacy" title="Facebook diplomacy">Facebook diplomacy</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Facebook_like_button" title="Facebook like button">Facebook like button</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Business</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Facebook" title="History of Facebook">History</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Facebook" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of Facebook">Timeline</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mergers_and_acquisitions_by_Facebook" title="List of mergers and acquisitions by Facebook">Acquisitions</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Facebook_F8" title="Facebook F8">f8 conference</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Initial_public_offering_of_Facebook" title="Initial public offering of Facebook">IPO</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_of_Facebook" title="Censorship of Facebook">Censorship</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Facebook" title="Criticism of Facebook">Criticism</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Facebook%E2%80%93Cambridge_Analytica_data_scandal" title="Facebook–Cambridge Analytica data scandal">Cambridge Analytica data scandal</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Privacy_concerns_of_Facebook" title="Privacy concerns of Facebook">Privacy</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lawsuits_involving_Facebook" title="Lawsuits involving Facebook">Litigation</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most-followed_Facebook_pages" title="List of most-followed Facebook pages">Most-followed Facebook pages</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most-viewed_online_videos_in_the_first_24_hours" title="List of most-viewed online videos in the first 24 hours">Most-viewed videos in the first 24 hours</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Priscilla_Chan" title="Priscilla Chan">Priscilla Chan</a> (wife of Mark Zuckerberg)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Chan_Zuckerberg_Initiative" title="Chan Zuckerberg Initiative">Chan Zuckerberg Initiative</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Facebook_Aquila" title="Facebook Aquila">Aquila Internet relay drone</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Willow_Village" title="Willow Village">Willow Village</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
' |
Whether or not the change was made through a Tor exit node (tor_exit_node) | false |
Unix timestamp of change (timestamp) | 1617795267 |
External links in the new text (new_links) | [
0 => 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GW0rj4sNH2w',
1 => 'https://github.com/facebook/react/releases/tag/v17.0.1',
2 => 'https://reactjs.org',
3 => 'https://www.infoworld.com/article/2608181/javascript/react--making-faster--smoother-uis-for-data-driven-web-apps.html',
4 => 'https://www.infoq.com/news/2013/06/facebook-react',
5 => 'https://thenewstack.io/javascripts-history-and-how-it-led-to-reactjs/',
6 => 'https://medium.freecodecamp.org/integrating-create-react-app-redux-react-router-redux-observable-bootstrap-altogether-216db97e89a3',
7 => 'https://reactjs.org/docs/components-and-props.html#props-are-read-only',
8 => 'https://reactjs.org/docs/refs-and-the-dom.html',
9 => 'https://facebook.github.io/jsx/',
10 => 'https://reactjs.org/blog/2017/09/26/react-v16.0.html#new-render-return-types-fragments-and-strings',
11 => 'https://reactjs.org/docs/react-component.html#render',
12 => 'https://reactjs.org/blog/2017/09/26/react-v16.0.html#support-for-custom-dom-attributes',
13 => 'https://books.google.com/books?id=Tg9QDwAAQBAJ',
14 => 'https://facebook.github.io/react/blog/2013/06/05/why-react.html',
15 => 'https://medium.com/paypal-engineering/isomorphic-react-apps-with-react-engine-17dae662379c',
16 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20190208124143/https://www.paypal-engineering.com/2015/04/27/isomorphic-react-apps-with-react-engine/',
17 => 'http://techblog.netflix.com/2015/01/netflix-likes-react.html',
18 => 'https://reactjs.org/docs/hooks-overview.html',
19 => 'https://blog.soshace.com/what-the-heck-is-react-hooks/',
20 => 'https://reactjs.org/docs/hooks-state.html',
21 => 'https://reactjs.org/docs/hooks-effect.html',
22 => 'https://reactjs.org/docs/hooks-reference.html',
23 => 'https://reactjs.org/docs/hooks-rules.html',
24 => 'https://reactjs.org/docs/hooks-custom.html',
25 => 'https://facebook.github.io/flux/docs/in-depth-overview.html',
26 => 'https://github.com/facebook/flux/releases/tag/4.0.0',
27 => 'http://nicholasjohnson.com/react/course/exercises/flux/',
28 => 'http://threedevsandamaybe.com/the-history-of-react-and-flux-with-dan-abramov/',
29 => 'https://stateofjs.com/2017/state-management/results',
30 => 'https://discuss.reactjs.org/c/meeting-notes',
31 => 'https://github.com/reactjs/react-future',
32 => 'https://github.com/facebook/react/labels/Type:%20Feature%20Request',
33 => 'https://github.com/jordwalke/FaxJs',
34 => 'https://blog.risingstack.com/the-history-of-react-js-on-a-timeline/',
35 => 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A0Kj49z6WdM',
36 => 'https://techcrunch.com/2017/04/18/facebook-announces-react-fiber-a-rewrite-of-its-react-framework/',
37 => 'https://github.com/acdlite/react-fiber-architecture',
38 => 'https://reactjs.org/blog/2017/09/26/react-v16.0.html',
39 => 'https://reactjs.org/docs/hooks-intro.html',
40 => 'https://github.com/facebook/react/blob/master/CHANGELOG.md#0120-october-28-2014',
41 => 'https://medium.com/bits-and-pixels/a-compelling-reason-not-to-use-reactjs-beac24402f7b',
42 => 'https://code.facebook.com/posts/1639473982937255/updating-our-open-source-patent-grant/',
43 => 'https://github.com/facebook/react/blob/b8ba8c83f318b84e42933f6928f231dc0918f864/PATENTS',
44 => 'https://www.apache.org/legal/resolved.html',
45 => 'https://code.facebook.com/posts/112130496157735/explaining-react-s-license/',
46 => 'https://github.com/facebook/react/issues/10191#issuecomment-323486580',
47 => 'https://techcrunch.com/2017/09/15/wordpress-to-ditch-react-library-over-facebook-patent-clause-risk/',
48 => 'https://code.facebook.com/posts/300798627056246/relicensing-react-jest-flow-and-immutable-js/',
49 => 'https://reactjs.org/blog/2017/09/26/react-v16.0.html#mit-licensed',
50 => 'https://reactjs.org/blog/2017/09/25/react-v15.6.2.html',
51 => 'https://reactjs.org/blog/2020/08/10/react-v17-rc.html',
52 => 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19399674?uselang=en#P348',
53 => 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19399674#P1324',
54 => 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19399674?uselang=en#P856',
55 => 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19399674#P856',
56 => 'https://github.com/facebook/react',
57 => 'https://reactjs.org/',
58 => 'https://www.syncfusion.com/ebooks/react-succinctly',
59 => 'https://onlinelibrary021.blogspot.com/2021/04/the-great-benefits-of-learning-react-js.html'
] |