This is a chronological index for the start year for motor vehicle brands (up to 1969). For manufacturers that went on to produce many models, it represents the start date of the whole brand; for the others, it usually represents the date of appearance of the main (perhaps only) model that was produced.
This also gives an idea of what motor vehicles were appearing on the streets in each country around each date (allowing, too, for imports from other countries). Moreover, by showing which models were contemporary, it gives a first indication of how individual designers were being influenced by each other, and a flavor of the entrepreneurial spirit and dynamics of the pioneering days of motor vehicle manufacture.[1][2]
Within each year, and country of origin, the lists are structured according to the type of vehicle first introduced. These include the following types: steam, electric, hybrid electric, internal-combustion, touring car, roadster, tonneau, phaeton, cyclecar, light car, voiturette, runabout, high wheeler, buggy, tricar, motor quadricycle, motor tricycle, motorcycle, coach, bus, fire-engine, truck, tractor, racing car, avant-train.
Veteran era
edit
1852?
editRussia. Motorcycle: Alexander Leutner & Co.
1860
editThomas Rickett's steam-powered car was particularly notable in the history of motor vehicle production inasmuch as several examples were made, and it was also advertised.
UK. Steam: Rickett
1861
editUS. Steam: Ware Steam Wagon
1873
editThe Bollée family played a significant part in the history of motor vehicle manufacture; the father with his steam car, and one of his sons, in 1895, with an internal-combustion engine design.
France. Steam bus: Amédée Bollée
1880
editNetherlands: Spyker: carriages, later internal combustion.
1883
edit
France. Steam: De Dion-Bouton (later internal-combustion, with a patent in 1889)
1884
editFrance. Internal-combustion: Delamare-Deboutteville
1885
editKarl Benz's vehicle was the first true automobile, entirely designed as such, rather than simply being a motorized stage coach or horse carriage. This is why he was granted his patent, and is regarded as its inventor. His wife and sons became the first true motorists, in 1889, when they took the car out for the specific task of paying a family visit.
Germany. Internal-combustion: Benz
UK. Internal-combustion: Butler
US. Electric: Armstrong Electric
1887
editUK. Motorcycle: New Imperial
1889
editThe first Daimler car was a converted carriage, but with innovations that are still adopted today (cushioned engine mountings, fan cooling, finned-radiator water cooling).[3]
France. Steam: Peugeot (later internal-combustion, and the first to be entered in an organised race, albeit for bicycles, Paris–Brest–Paris)
Germany. Internal-combustion: Daimler (DMG)
UK. Internal-combustion: Santler
US. Internal-combustion rotary engine: Adams-Farwell
1890
editPanhard and Levassor's design of a front-mounted engine established the layout of the majority of cars since then.
France. Internal-combustion: Panhard-Levassor
1891
edit
US. Steam: Black; steam tractor: Avery; internal-combustion: Buckeye gasoline buggy
1893
editFrance. Electric (and later internal-combustion): Jeantaud
UK. Steam: Straker-Squire (also known as Brazil Straker)
US. Internal-combustion: Elmore, Duryea
1894
editFrance. Internal-combustion: Audibert & Lavirotte, Berliet, Delahaye
UK. Electric: Garrard & Blumfield
US. Electric: Electrobat
1895
editFrance. Internal-combustion: Léon Bollée, Corre, Rochet-Schneider
UK. Internal-combustion: Knight, Lanchester
Austria-Hungary. Internal-combustion: Laurin & Klement (later Škoda)
US. Electric: Morris & Salom
US. Internal-combustion: De La Vergne
1896
editIn the UK, the Locomotives on Highways Act 1896 replaced the hugely restrictive Locomotive Acts of 1861, 1865 and 1878 (the so-called Red Flag acts) thereby finally freeing up the automotive industry in the UK (and, incidentally, was also the origin of the celebrations of the first London to Brighton Veteran Car Run). Knight had been convicted under the old act, the previous year, for not having a man precede his vehicle with a red flag, and Walter Arnold was the first person to be convicted, in January 1896, for exceeding the speed limit. Meanwhile, Serpollet was issued with what was effectively the first driving licence.
France. Steam: Gardner-Serpollet; internal-combustion: Clément-Gladiator, Dalifol, Darracq, Lorraine-Dietrich, Triouleyre; voiturette: Dalifol & Thomas, Goujon, Léon Bollée; motorcycle: Clément and Gladiator
Italy. Internal-combustion: Enrico Bernardi
Russia. Internal-combustion: Yakovlev-Frese
UK. Steam: Leyland; internal-combustion: Anglo-French, Arnold, Arrol-Johnston, Atkinson and Philipson; motorcycle: Excelsior, motor tricycle: Ariel
US. Internal-combustion: Altham, Black, Electric & internal-combustion: Brewster, Haynes-Apperson
1897
edit
Australia: Australis
France. Steam: Montier & Gillet; electric: Krieger; internal-combustion: Grivel, Juzan, Société Parisienne, Mors; voiturette: Decauville, Richard; avant-train: Amiot
UK. Steam: Toward & Philipson; Electric: Bushbury Electric, Neale; electric phaeton: Electric Motive Power; internal-combustion: Belsize; bus: Thomas Harrington
US. Electric: Pope; Internal-combustion: Autocar, Oldsmobile, Plass, Winton
Austria-Hungary. Internal-combustion: Präsident (Tatra)
1898
editBelgium. Internal-combustion: Delecroix, Métallurgique
France. Internal-combustion: Ailloud, Astresse, Auge, David & Bourgeois, De Dietrich, Lufbery, Poron, Tourey; voiturette: Le Blon, De Riancey; trucks and tractors: Latil; avant-train: Ponsard-Ansaloni
Germany. Electric: Kühlstein; internal-combustion: AWE, Wartburg
Italy. Internal-combustion: Ceirano GB & C; motor tricycle/quadricycle: Prinetti & Stucchi
UK. Electric: Oppermann; internal-combustion: Alldays & Onions, Grose, James and Browne, Madelvic, Star; tricar: Humber; motor tricycle/quadricycle: Arsenal, Eadie, Leuchters; motorcycle: Swift,
US. Steam: American Waltham; electric: Riker; internal-combustion: Rutenber, St. Louis; buggy: Stearns
1899
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Belgium. Voiturette: Vivinus
France. Electric: Bouquet, Garcin & Schivre, Monnard; internal-combustion: Allard-Latour, Esculape, La Lorraine, Luc Court, Marot-Gardon, Raouval, Renault (including the first saloon car), Turcat-Méry; light car: Naptholette; voiturette: Andre Py, Cochotte, Populaire, Rouxel; alcohol fuelled: L'Alkolumine
Germany. Internal-combustion: Opel
Italy. Internal-combustion: Fiat
Russia. Electric: Kukushka
UK. Electric: Joel-Rosenthal; internal-combustion: Accles-Turrell, Geering; voiturette: Argyll; motor tricycle/quadricycle: Allard, Anglo-American; motorcycle: Coventry-Eagle, OK-Supreme, Quadrant, Royal Enfield
US. Steam: Century, Grout, Kensington, Keystone, Kidder, Leach, Liquid Air, Locomobile, Mobile (pre Stanley Steamer), Strathmore, Victor Steam, Waltham Steam; electric: American Electric, Baker, Columbia (taxi), Electric Vehicle, Quinby, Stearns, US Automobile, Van Wagoner, Woods; internal-combustion: American, Black, Bramwell-Robinson, Buick, Gasmobile, Gurley, Holyoke, International, Media, Oakman-Hertel, Packard (Ohio), Quick, Sintz
1900
editAustralia. Tarrant
Belgium. Hybrid: Pieper; internal-combustion: Nagant, Pipe; voiturette: Antoine
Canada. Electric: Canadian Motor
France. Internal-combustion: Ader, Ardent, Chenard-Walcker, Maillard, Nanceene, Otto; voiturette: Chainless, Soncin; motorcycle: Buchet, Castoldi
Germany. Internal-combustion: Adler, Albion; voiturette: AGG; motorcycle (later trucks): Phänomen
Italy. Internal-combustion: Isotta Fraschini
UK. Internal-combustion: Hewinson-Bell, Napier, Smith & Dowse; voiturette: Billings-Burns; motorcycle: Rex-Acme
US. Steam: Tractobile, Kent's Pacemaker, Porter Stanhope, Skene, Steamobile; electric: Hewitt-Lindstrom, National; internal-combustion: Auburn, Canda, California, Eureka, Holley, Keystone, Knox, Lozier, Peerless, Rambler, Stearns-Knight; tractor: Samson; truck: Detroit
1901
editCanada. Light car: Queen
France. Internal-combustion: Charron, Corre La Licorne; voiturette: L'Ardennais, Guerraz, Henry-Dubray, Korn et Latil, Malliary; light car: De Boisse
Germany. Internal-combustion: Horch, Stoewer; motorcycle: NSU
UK. Electric: Electromobile; internal-combustion: Asquith, Imperial, John O'Gaunt, Sunbeam, paraffin fuelled: Ralph Lucas; cyclecar: Campion; light car: Ralph Gilbert; voiturette: Wolseley; motorcycle: Matchless, Singer
US. Steam: Aultman, Binney & Burnham, Covert, Desberon, Hidley, Hudson, Reading Steamer, Stearns, White; internal-combustion: Altman, Apperson, Buffalo, Buffum, De Dion, Empire, Marion, Pierce-Arrow, Schaum; touring car: Austin; runabout: Stevens-Duryea; high wheeler: Holsman; motorcycle: Indian
1902
editBelgium. Internal-combustion: Minerva
France. Internal-combustion: Motobloc, Richard-Brasier
Germany. Internal-combustion: Aachener, AEG, Argus, Beaufort, NAG; motorised tricycle/quadricycle: Cyklon
Russia. Electric: Dux
Spain. Internal-combustion: Anglada
UK. Steam: Vapomobile; internal-combustion: Abingdon, Armstrong, Karminski, Maudslay, Rover, Vulcan; voiturette: Esculapeus, tricar: Advance; motorcycle: Norton, Triumph
US. Steam: Clipper, Hoffman, Richmond, Stanley; electric: Studebaker; internal-combustion: Blood, Brennan, Cadillac, Cameron, Cannon, Clarkmobile, Franklin (automobile), Gaeth, Hammer-Sommer, Kirk, Marmon, Reber; runabout: Glide (automobile), Smith, Standard Steel; touring car: Spaulding; light car: Greenleaf, Orient; buggy: American, Union; compound expansion: Eisenhuth; truck: Rapid
1903
editBelgium. Internal-combustion: Excelsior
France. Internal-combustion: Ariès, Clément-Bayard, Delaunay-Belleville, Hotchkiss, Regal, Talbot; light car: Henry Bauchet
Germany. Internal-combustion bus/truck: Büssing
UK. Electric: Lems; steam (and internal-combustion): Albany; internal-combustion: Attila, Elswick, Kyma, Lea-Francis, Lee Stroyer, Standard, Vauxhall, Whitlock; avant-train: Adams; motorcycle: Chater-Lea, New Hudson, Wilkinson Sword
US. Steam: Jaxon; internal-combustion: American Chocolate (Walter), Bates, Ford, Lenawee, Marble-Swift, Matheson, Vermont, Wilson; motorcycles: Harley-Davidson, touring car: Acme, Berg, Logan, Michigan, Iroquois, Jackson, Phelps, Premier; roadster: Buckmobile; runabout: Dingfelder, Eldredge, Marr, Mitchell, Overland, Sandusky, Tincher
1904
editCanada. Internal-combustion: Russell
France. Internal-combustion: Cottin & Desgouttes, Grégoire; voiturette: Lavie; motor tricycle: La Va Bon Train
Germany. Internal-combustion: Alliance, Wenkelmobil
Italy. Internal-combustion: Itala
Spain. Internal-combustion: Hispano-Suiza
UK. Electric: Imperial; internal-combustion: Arbee, Armstrong Whitworth, Ascot, Calthorpe, Chambers, Crossley, Croxted, Iden, Motor Carrier, Queen; voiturette: Achilles; light car: Gilburt; tricar: Garrard; motorcycle: Phelon & Moore, Zenith
US. Steam: Empire Steamer; electric: Berwick, Marquette; internal-combustion: American, American Mercedes, American Napier, Christie, Cleveland, Corbin, Detroit Wheeler, Dolson, Lambert, Luverne, Maxwell, Moline, Orlo, Oscar Lear, Pierce-Racine, Queen, Sampson, Schacht, Sinclair-Scott (Maryland), Standard, Studebaker-Garford, Twyford Stanhope; touring car: Brew-Hatcher, S&M Simplex, Crestmobile, Detroit Auto, Frayer-Miller, Jeffery, Pungs Finch, Richmond, Royal, Thomas, Upton; runabout: Courier, Fredonia, Northern, Pierce, Pope-Tribune; tractor: Holt
Brass era
edit1905
edit
France. Internal-combustion: Alliance, Brasier, Charlon, Couverchel, Delage, Eudelin, Rolland-Pilain, Sizaire-Naudin; touring car: Rebour; light car: Helbé, Urric; voiturette: Eureka; motorcycle: Herdtle & Bruneau
Germany. Steam: Altmann; internal-combustion: Ehrhardt, Hansa, Hexe, Solidor
Italy. Internal-combustion: Diatto, Zust
UK. Electric: Alexandra, Ekstromer; internal-combustion: Adams, Austin, Edismith, Riley, Sunbeam-Talbot, Talbot; light car: One of the Best; tricar: Anglian; motorcycle: Velocette
US. Electric: Rauch and Lang; internal-combustion: Aerocar, Ardsley, Ariel, Cartercar, Corwin, Crown, Harrison, Haynes, Silent Knight, Pullman, Rainier, Selden, Soules, Stoddard-Dayton; touring car: Detroit-Oxford, Diamond T, Gas-au-lec, Lambert, REO, USA Daimler; roadster: Walker, Western; light car: Bell, buggy: Deal, Hammer; motorcycle: Excelsior-Henderson, Shawmobile
1906
editBelgium. Internal-combustion: Impéria; hybrid: Auto-Mixte
France. Internal-combustion: AM, Ampère, Antoinette, Lion-Peugeot, Unic; light car: Doriot, Flandrin & Parant; voiturette and motorcycle: Alcyon
Germany. Internal-combustion: AAG
Italy. Internal-combustion: Aquila Italiana, Fial, Peugeot-Croizat, SCAT, SPA, Standard
UK. Internal-combustion: All-British, Ladas, Marlborough, Rolls-Royce; light car: Jowett; tricar: Addison, Armadale; dual-control car: Academy; hybrid bus: Tilling-Stevens; motorcycle: Dot
US. Steam: Doble, Ross; electric: Babcock; internal-combustion: ALCO, American, American Simplex, Apollo, Atlas, Bliss, Car de Luxe, Deere, Dorris, Dragon, Frontenac, Hol-Tan, Jewell, Kissel, Model, Moore (Ball-Bearing Car); touring car: Heine-Velox, Moon; roadster: Colburn; light car: Janney; high wheeler: ABC, Black, McIntyre, Success
1907
editAustralia. Caldwell Vale
Belgium. Internal-combustion: Springuel
Canada. Internal-combustion: McLaughlin
France. Internal-combustion: Ariane, Jean-Bart, Lahaussois, Lutier, Marie de Bagneux, Prod'homme, Sinpar, Sixcyl; voiturette: Couteret, Obus, La Radieuse; voiturette tricar: Guerry et Bourguignon, Lurquin-Coudert; tricar: Austral, Mototri Contal; hybrid: AL; amphibious: Ravailler; racing car: De Bazelaire
UK. Internal-combustion: Dalgliesh-Gullane, Hillman; truck: Commer; motorcycle: Douglas
US. Electric: American Juvenile Electric, Detroit Electric; internal-combustion: Allen Kingston, Anderson, Carter Twin-Engine, Continental, Corbitt, Fuller, Griswold, Maryland, Kiblinger, Oakland, Regal, Speedwell; high wheeler: Eureka, Hatfield, Single Center, Staver; roadster: CVI; runabout: Albany, Colt Runabout, Kermath, Marvel, Nielson
1908
editFrance. Internal-combustion: Le Pratic, X; phaeton: Siscart; voiturette: Roussel
Germany. Internal-combustion: Allright, Brennabor, Fafnir, Lloyd
Italy. Internal-combustion: Lancia, Marca-Tre-Spade, Temperino
Russia. Internal-combustion: Russo-Balt
UK. Internal-combustion: Arno, Sheffield-Simplex, Valveless; touring car: Argon; light car: Alex; motorcycle: Premier
US. Internal-combustion: Bendix, Coates-Goshen, Correja, Cunningham, De Luxe, General Motors, Gyroscope, Havers, Imperial, Paige, Sears, Velie; touring car: Moyer; high wheeler: Cole, De Schaum, DeWitt, Hobbie Accessible, Michigan; runabout: Simplo; cyclecar: Browniekar; buggy: Davis
1909
editFrance. Internal-combustion: Bugatti, FL, La Ponette, Le Zèbre
Italy. Racing car: Brixia-Zust; motorcycle: Della Ferrera
Netherlands. Internal-combustion: Entrop
UK. Internal-combustion: Pilot
US. Internal-combustion: Abbott-Detroit, Anhut, Black Crow, Crow-Elkhart, Cutting, EMF, Everitt, Fuller, GJG, Hupmobile, Inter-State, Lion, Pilot; touring car: Crawford, Fal-Car, Piggins, Standard Six; roadster: Coyote, Hudson, Kauffman; runabout: Brush; small car: Herreshoff, Hitchcock, KRIT; light car: Courier; buggy: Paterson; raceabout: Mercer; racing car: McFarlan; truck: Chase, Sanford-Herbert
1910
editCanada. Internal-combustion: Gareau
France. Internal-combustion: Ageron, Damaizin & Pujos, Margaria, Mathis, Plasson; light car: Simplicia; cyclecar: Bédélia
Germany. Internal-combustion: Ansbach, Apollo, Audi
Italy. Internal-combustion: Alfa Romeo, Chiribiri
UK. Steam: AMC; internal-combustion: Morgan, Siddeley-Deasy; cyclecar: GN
US. Electric: Grinnell; internal-combustion: Alpena, Cavac, De Mot, Flanders, Great Eagle, Kline Kar, Lexington, Maytag-Mason, Parry, Spaulding, United States; touring car: Carhartt, Chalmers, Detroit-Dearborn, Etnyre, Faulkner-Blanchard, Great Southern; tonneau: Henry, Midland; roadster: Ames, King-Remick, Penn; runabout: Empire; cyclecar: Autoette; high wheeler: Anchor Buggy; buggy: Aldo
1911
editArgentina. Anasagasti
Canada. Internal-combustion: Clinton
France. Cyclecar: Enders
Germany. Internal-combustion: Excelsior-Mascot, Podeus; rotary valve: Standard
Italy. Motorcycle: Benelli
UK. Internal-combustion: Aberdonia, AGR, Airedale, GWK, Newton-Bennett, Roper-Corbet; cyclecar: Alvechurch, Autotrix, Lambert; motorcycle: Beardmore, Coventry-Victor, Levis, Rudge-Whitworth, Villiers
US. Electric: Hupp-Yeats, Century, Dayton Electric; internal-combustion: America, Ann Arbor, Chevrolet, Day, Gaylord, American Jonz (automobile) (The American), King, Komet, Marathon, Overland OctoAuto, Nyberg, Pilgrim of Providence, Rayfield, Stutz, Virginian, Willys; tractor: Mogul; fire-engine: Ahrens-Fox,
1912
editArgentina: Internal-combustion: Anasagasti
Canada. Internal-combustion: Amherst
France. Electric: Anderson Electric, internal-combustion: Albatros, Alda, Arista, Cognet de Seynes, Hédéa, La Roulette, SCAP; light car: Luxior, truck: Laffly, avant-train: Ponts,
Hungary. Internal-combustion: Raba
Italy. Internal-combustion: Storero
Spain. Internal-combustion: Abadal
UK. Steam: Sheppee; internal-combustion: ABC; cyclecar: Adamson, Arden, Chota, Coventry Premier, Crouch, Hampton, HCE, Tiny, Tyseley; motorcycle: NUT, Sunbeam
US. Electric: Argo Electric, Buffalo Electric, Church-Field; internal-combustion: Anna, Briggs-Detroiter, Crane & Breed, Pathfinder, Standard; touring car: Miller, Westcott; light-car: Lad's Car, Little; tricar: American Tri-Car, motorcycle: Cyclone; truck: Brockway, Palmer-Moore
1913
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Belgium. Internal-combustion: Alatac
France. Internal-combustion: Ajax, Alba, Alva, Rougier; cyclecar: Jouvie
Spain. Cyclecar: David
UK. Internal-combustion: Morris, Perry, Woodrow, WW; light car: Ace, Lucar; cyclecar: Armstrong, Athmac, Baker & Dale, Bantam, BPD, Britannia, Broadway, Carlette, Dallison, Dewcar, LAD, Lester Solus, Vee Gee, Warne, Wilbrook, Wrigley; motocycle: Montgomery
US. Electric: American Electric; internal-combustion: Allen (Ohio), Allen (Philadelphia), Chandler, Flyer, Grant, Lyons-Knight, Monarch; cyclecar: Car-Nation, Coey, Detroit Cyclecar, Downing-Detroit, Dudly Bug, Gadabout, JPL, Little Detroit Speedster, Little Princess, Twombly; touring car: Keeton; roadster: Saxon, Scripps-Booth; sports car: Duesenberg; motocycle: Bi-Autogo
1914
editFrance. Internal-combustion: Ascot, Donnet-Zedel; light car: Nardini
Japan. Internal-combustion: DAT
Italy. Maserati
UK. Internal-combustion: Trojan, Utopian; light car: Bifort, cyclecar: Bradwell, Buckingham, Carden, Hill & Stanier, Imperial, Projecta, Simplic; motocycle: ABC
US. Electric: Ward; internal-combustion: Ajax, American, Benham, Dile, Keystone, Light, Monroe, MPM, Partin, Willys-Knight; touring car: Alter; roadster: Metz, Vulcan; light car: Fischer, Lincoln; cyclecar: Argo, Arrow, Biesel, CAC, Cricket, Davis, Dodge, Engler, Excel, Hawk, Logan, LuLu, Malcolm Jones, Mercury, Motor Bob, O-We-Go, Xenia
1915
editCanada. Internal-combustion: Gray-Dort, Regal
UK. Internal-combustion: Atalanta; sports car: Aston Martin
US. Electric: Menominee, hybrid electric: Owen Magnetic, internal-combustion: All-Steel, Apple, Biddle, Bour-Davis, Briscoe, Dort, Elcar, Herff-Brooks, Hollier, Ross, Smith Flyer, light car: Bell, Harvard, cyclecar: Koppin, racing car: Frontenac,
1916
editRussia: AMO
US. Electric: Belmont; internal-combustion: Aland, American Junior,[4] Auto Red Bug,[4] Bush, Daniels, Dixie Flyer, Hackett, HAL, Jordan, Liberty, Sun, Yale; touring car: Barley, Marion-Handley,
Germany: BMW
1917
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Canada. Internal-combustion: Moose Jaw Standard
UK. Cyclecar: Gibbons
US. Internal-combustion: Able, Amalgamated, American, Anderson, Columbia, Commonwealth, Piedmont, Shad-Wyck, Templar; touring car: Harroun, Nelson, Olympian; light car: Gem; truck: Nash,
1918
editItaly: trucks OM
UK. Internal-combustion: All British Ford; motorcycle: Cotton
US. Steam: Bryan, internal-combustion: Essex; motorcycle: Ner-a-Car
1919
editAustralia: Australian Six
France. Internal-combustion: Avions Voisin, Butterosi, Citroen, Leyat, Salmson; cyclecar: ASS, Soriano-Pedroso
Germany. Internal-combustion: AGA, Anker
UK. Internal-combustion: Alvis, Angus-Sanderson, Armstrong Siddeley, Ashton-Evans, Bentley, Dawson, Eric-Campbell, Maiflower, Ruston-Hornsby, Willys Overland Crossley; cyclecar: Aero Car, Ashby, AV, Castle Three, Economic, Tamplin; motorcycle: Brough Superior, Coventry-Victor, Dunelt, Duzmo
US. Internal-combustion: Amco, Argonne, Climber, Du Pont, Graham-Paige; truck: Huffman
Vintage era
edit1920
editBelgium. Light car: ALP
France. Electric: Electricar; internal-combustion: Janémian, Jouffret, Radior; cyclecar: Able, Ajams, Astatic, La Comfortable, De Marçay, Elfe, Kevah, Santax; sports car: Fonlupt
Germany. Internal-combustion: Joswin, Selve; touring car: Steiger
Japan: Mazda
UK. Internal-combustion: Aeroford, Cubitt, Galloway, Palmerston, Payze; light car: Albert; cyclecar: Allwyn, Archer, Baughan, Bell, Black Prince, Blériot-Whippet, Bound, Cambro, CFB, Winson; sports car: Sports Junior
USA: Ace, Alsace, Aluminum, Astra, Binghamton Electric, Carroll, Colonial, Colonial/Shaw, Friend, Gardner, Gray Light Car, LaFayette, Lorraine, Mason Truck, Sheridan, Standard Steam Car, Stanwood
1921
editCanada: Brock Six, London Six
France: Amilcar, Ballot, Bernardet, Coadou et Fleury, Colda, Le Favori, Georges Irat, Hinstin, Janoir, Madoz, Quo Vadis, Le Roitelet, Solanet
Germany: Alfi, Arimofa, Atlantic, Pawi, Rumpler Tropfenwagen, Zündapp
Italy: Ansaldo, Aurea, IENA, motorcycle: Moto Guzzi
Japan: Ales
UK: Amazon, Barnard, Scott Sociable, Skeoch
US. Steam: Coats, Davis, internal combustion: Adria, Aero Car, Ajax, Automatic, Birmingham, Colonial, Davis Totem, Durant, Earl, Handley-Knight, Jacquet Flyer, Kessler, Wills Sainte Claire
1922
editCanada: Colonial
France: Astra, Bucciali, Induco, JG, Vaillant
UK: Abbey, Abingdon, Albatros, Alberford, Aster, Atomette, Autogear, Baby Blake, Bean, Bow-V-Car, Christchurch-Campbell, Clyno, Frazer Nash, Gwynne, Packman & Poppe, Swallow Sidecar Company, Wigan-Barlow, Xtra
US. Steam: Alena, American Steamer, Endurance, internal combustion: ABC, Anahuac, Ansted-Lexington, Checker, DAC, Dagmar, Detroit, Gray, Jewett, Kess-Line 8, Rickenbacker, Star, Stewart-Coats
1923
editBelgium: ADK, De Wandre, Juwel
Canada. Steam: Brooks
Germany: Alan, Kenter, Pilot, motorcycle: BMW
1924
editCzech Republic: Skoda
France: AEM, AS, Le Cabri, De Sanzy, Elgé, Jean Gras, Jousset
Germany: Amor, Ehrhardt-Szawe, Tempo
Japan: Otomo
US. Steam: American; internal-combustion: Chrysler, Junior R, Pennant
1925
editArgentina: Hispano-Argentina
Australia: Ford (Australia)
Belgium: Jeecy-Vea
France: Heinis, Jack Sport
Germany: Hanomag, Sablatnig-Beuchelt, Seidel-Arop
Italy: Amilcar Italiana, Maggiora, Moretti
UK: Brocklebank, Invicta, Jappic, McEvoy, MG
USA: Empire Steam Car, Ajax, Diana
1926
editFrance: Alma, Arzac, Chaigneau-Brasier, Constantinesco, Lambert, Ratier, SAFAF, Sensaud de Lavaud, Tracta
Germany: Daimler-Benz, Gutbrod, Mercedes-Benz
UK: Arab, HP, Marendaz, Swallow
USA: Ansted, Divco, Dodgeson, Pontiac
1927
editFrance: Rosengart, Silva-Coroner
UK: Arrol-Aster, Avro, Streamline (Burney Car)
USA: Falcon-Knight, Graham-Paige, LaSalle
Sweden: Volvo
1928
editNetherlands: DAF
1929
editFrance: Alphi, Michel Irat
Germany: Borgward
Italy: Ferrari
Soviet Union. Motorcycle: Izh
Spain: National Pescara
UK: Alta
USA: American Austin, Blackhawk, Cord, Roosevelt, Ruxton, Viking, Windsor
Pre-war years
edit1930
editBelgium: Astra
Germany: Ardie-Ganz
Soviet Union: KIM
1931
editAustralia: Southern Cross
Germany: Maikäfer
Soviet Union: ZIS
Japan: Datsun
UK: Squire
USA: De Vaux, Hoffman (Detroit automobile)
1932
editPoland: Polski Fiat
Soviet Union: GAZ
UK: Vale Special
USA: Allied, De Vaux Continental, Jaeger
1933
editFrance: Tracford
Germany: Standard Superior
UK: André, Railton, SS Cars (predecessor of Jaguar Cars)
USA: Continental
1934
edit
France: Simca
Germany: Auto Union, Bungartz Butz
Japan: Ohta Jidosha
UK: Aveling-Barford, British Salmson, Rytecraft
1935
editFrance: Talbot-Lago
Germany: Henschel
UK: Autovia, Batten, Jensen, Reliant
USA: Stout Scarab
1936
editUK: Allard, HRG, Lammas, Lloyd, Skirrow
Japan: Toyota
1937
editGermany: Volkswagen
UK: Atalanta
1938
editUK: Nuffield
War years
edit1939
editSoviet Union: SMZ
USA: Albatross, Crosley, truck: Peterbilt
Italy: Ferrari
1940
editUK: DMW
1941
editSoviet Union: UAZ; motorcycle: IMZ-Ural
1942
editBrazil. Trucks: F.N.M.
1943
editSoviet Union. Trucks: Ural
1945
editIndia: Mahindra & Mohammed (Later Mahindra & Mahindra)
Soviet Union. Motorcycle: Dnipro
UK: Bristol, Healey, Jaguar Cars
USA: Kaiser-Frazer
Post-war years
edit.jpg)
1946
editFrance: Chappe et Gessalin, Mochet, Rovin
Germany: Messerschmitt
Hungary: Csepel
Italy: Bandini, Cisitalia, Stanguellini; Trucks: Astra Veicoli Industriali
Soviet Union: Moskvitch; motorcycle: ZiD
Spain: Pegaso
UK: Cooper
USA: American Motors Incorporated, Frazer
1947
editCanada: Studebaker
France: Aerocarene, Alamagny
Germany: Veritas
Italy: Innocenti, Lambretta, Maserati, O.S.C.A.
Soviet Union. Trucks: Minsk Automobile Plant
UK: Ambassador, Ausfod, Buckler
1948
editAustralia: Holden
China: GAC
France: J-P Wimille
Germany: Fend Flitzer
Italy: Fimer, Iso Rivolta, Siata
Japan. Motorcycle: Marusho
Soviet Union. Trucks: BelAZ
UK: EMC, Land Rover, Rochdale, Thundersley Invacar
USA: Autoette, Keller, Tucker Sedan
1949
editAustralia: Hartnett
France: Atlas
India: AUTOPRD
Soviet Union: RAF
Japan: Honda (Motorcycle)
UK: Dellow
USA: Aerocar, Airway, Glasspar G2; scooter: PMC
1950
editFrance: Autobleu
Germany: Fuldamobil, Kersting-Modellbauwerkstätten, Kleinschnittger, Staunau
Spain: SEAT
USA: Muntz
1951
editArgentina: IAME
Australia: Chrysler (Australia)
France: Atlas, Automobiles Marathon, Le Piaf, Reyonnah
Germany: Glas
Poland: FSO
Soviet Union. Trucks: KAZ; motorcycle: Minsk
USA: Nash-Healey
1952
editFrance: Arista
France: Martin-Spéciale, Poinard
Soviet Union: PAZ
UK: Austin-Healey, BMC, Greeves, Lotus
1953
editEast Germany: EMW
Japan: Subaru
USA: Eshelman, Fina-Sport
1954
editFrance: Alpine, Facel Vega
Spain: Serveta
UK: Astra, Fairthorpe, Rodley, Swallow Doretti
USA: AMC, Studebaker-Packard
1955
editAustralia: Nota
Belgium: Meeussen
East Germany: Zwickau
Germany: Goggomobil
Italy: Autobianchi
1956
editArgentina: IKA
Germany: Heinkel Kabine
Soviet Union: ZiL, KAG; scooter: TMZ, Vyatka
USA: Auto Cub, Devin, Dual-Ghia
1957
editEast Germany: Trabant
Germany: Neckar
Romania: ARO
UK: Peerless (Warwick), Scootacar, Tornado
1958
editAustralia: Elfin
Israel: Autocars
Soviet Union: KAvZ; trucks: BAZ, KrAZ
USA: Edsel, Streco Turnpike Cruiser
1959
editArgentina: Siam Di Tella
China: Changan
East Germany: Melkus
India: Vehicle Factory Jabalpur
Ireland: Shamrock
Soviet Union: LiAZ
UK: Bristol Siddeley, Gilbern, Marcos
USA: Argonaut, Nu-Klea Starlite
Classic era
edit1960
editIndia: Ideal Jawa
US. Replica veteran car: Gaslight
1961
editGermany: Amphicar
Soviet Union: ZAZ
UK: Diva
1962
editCanada: Acadian
France: Automobiles René Bonnet
Iran: Iran Khodro
Soviet Union: AvtoKuban
Japan. Motorcycle: Kawasaki
USA: Apollo
1963
editBrazil: Puma
Italy: ATS, Scuderia Serenissima, Lamborghini
UK: Bond, Gordon-Keeble
USA: Exner Revival Cars; trucks: Marmon
Japan: Honda (Car)
1964
editItaly: ASA
Soviet Union: ErAZ
USA: Fiberfab
1965
editAustralia: Finch Restorations
France: Matra
India: Heavy Vehicles Factory
Iran: SAIPA
Italy: Ferves
Soviet Union: IzhAvto
Spain: IPV
1966
editBulgaria: Bulgarrenault
Italy: Bizzarrini
New Zealand: Trekka
Soviet Union: Lada; trucks: MoAZ
Romania: Dacia
Soviet Union: ErAZ
Turkey: Anadol
UK: Norton-Villiers, Trident, Unipower
1967
editArgentina: Andino
Bulgaria: Bulgaralpine
India: Tata motors
New Zealand: Anziel
1968
editItaly: Autozodiaco, LMX Sirex
Turkey: Tofaş
UK: Piper
USA: Savage GT
1969
editAustralia. Trucks: RFW
Brazil. Cars: Gurgel
China: Dongfeng
Soviet Union. Trucks: Kamaz
UK: Enfield
1970
editChina: Changhe
1972
editGreece: Namco
Modern Classic Era (Late 1970s-1990s
edit1978
editAustralia. PRB
1979
editAustralia. Bolwell
1981
editIndia: Rajah
Spain: UROVESA
UK: Asquith
1982
editChina: Wuling
Germany: Isdera
Japan: Takeoka
1983
editArgentina. Eniak
France: Aixam
Malaysia: Proton
UK: Sinclair
USA: Saleen
1984
editChina: Great Wall, Xinkai
UK: Ronart
1985
editItaly: DR
Madagascar: Karenjy
UK: McLaren
1986
editAustralia. Bufori
Japan: Acura, Tommykaira
Kenya: Nyayo
Taiwan: Ta Ching
1987
editMexico: Mastretta
1988
editChina: BeiBen, Foday, King Long, Shuanghuan
Germany: Wiesmann
Italy: Cizeta-Moroder (later Cizeta)
1989
editIran: Azar
Japan: Autozam, Eunos, Infiniti, Lexus
New Zealand: Saker
1991
editAustralia. Stohr
1992
editChina: Brilliance
1993
editMalaysia: Perodua
1994
editGhana: Kantanka
1995
editAustralia. Jacer
1996
editAustralia. Bullet
China: Foton
1997
edit1998
editAustralia. Puma
Contemporary Era (2000s – 2010s)
edit2001
edit2002
editAustralia. FPV
2003
editChina: BYD Auto
USA: Tesla
2004
edit2005
editChina: Zotye
2006
editChina: Bestune
Tunisia: Wallyscar
2007
editDenmark: Zenvo
USA: Atieva (later Lucid), Fisker
2008
editChina: Everus
2009
editCroatia: Rimac
USA: Rivian
Modern/Current Era (2010s – Present)
edit2010
editKenya: Mobius
2014
editIsrael: City Transformer
USA: Nikola
2015
editChina: Li Auto
UK: Charge R&D (later Arrival)
2016
editGermany: Sono
Sweden: Lynk & Co
UK: INEOS Automotive
2017
editChina: Aion, Arcfox, Exeed, Leapmotor
USA: Canoo
Vietnam: VinFast
2018
editHong Kong: Apex
Morocco: Neo
Turkey: Togg
USA: Lordstown (later Nu Ride)
2021
editCanada: Edison
China: Xiaomi Auto, Zeekr
Spain: Silence
2022
editChina: Omoda
Saudi Arabia: Ceer
2023
editChina: Fangchengbao, ICar, Jaecoo, Yangwang
2024
editSee also
editReferences
edit- ^ David Burgess Wise (2000). The New Illustrated Encyclopedia of Automobiles, BookSales Inc, 560pp, ISBN 978-0-7858-1106-0.
- ^ G.N. Georgano, N. (2000). Beaulieu Encyclopedia of the Automobile. London: HMSO. ISBN 1-57958-293-1.
- ^ P. Roberts (1973). A Picture History of the Automobile, Ward Lock Ltd, London, UK. ISBN 0-7063-1301-1.
- ^ a b Horvath, Dennis E. "Indiana Built". Cruise-IN.com. Retrieved 24 January 2015.