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Semitic languages

East

* Akkadian

- Canaano-Akkadian
Eblaite

West

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Cen-
tral

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North-
west

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Cana-
anite

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Hebrew

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Eras	* Biblical (northern dialect) Mishnaic Medieval Modern
Reading traditions	* Ashkenazi Babylonian Italian Mizrahi (Syrian) Palestinian Samaritan Sephardi Tiberian Yemenite

Others

* Ammonite

Edomite

Moabite

Phoenician

Punic

Samalian

Aramaic

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Historical

* Old Aramaic

Imperial Aramaic

Biblical Aramaic

Middle Aramaic

Western

* Nabataean

Palestinian

Palmyrene

Western Neo-Aramaic

Eastern

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Neo-
Aramaic

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Central
Neo-Aramaic

* Mlaḥsô

Turoyo

Northeastern
Neo-Aramaic

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Christian	* Suret Assyrian Chaldean Barwar Bohtan Neo-Aramaic Hértevin Koy Sanjaq Surat Qaraqosh Senaya Urmia Christian
Judeo- Aramaic	* Barzani Betanure Inter-Zab Koy Sanjaqc Sanandaj Trans-Zab Urmia Jewish Zakho

* Mandaic

Neo-Mandaic

Others

* Ashurian and Hatran

Jewish Babylonian Aramaic

Syriac

Lebanese Syriac

Others

* Amorite

Ugaritic

Himyaritic

Sutean

Arabic

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Historical	* Proto-Arabic Old Arabic Ancient North Arabian Dadanitic Dumaitic Hasaitic Hismaic Safaitic Taymanitic Thamudic Nabataean Arabic Pre-classical Arabic
Literary	* Classical Modern Standard
Dialect groups	* Egyptian Arabic Levantine Maghrebi Maltese Siculo-Arabic Mesopotamian Peninsular

South

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Ethiopic

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North

* Geʽez

Tigrinya

South

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Trans-
versal

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Amharic–Argobba	* Amharic Argobba
Harari– East Gurage	* Harari East Gurage Siltʼe Inneqor Ulbare Wolane Zay

Outer

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n-group	* Gafat Soddo
tt-group	* Mesmes Muher West Gurage Inor Endegen Mesqan Sebat Bet Chaha Ezha Gumer Gura Gyeto

* Baṭḥari

* Faifi

Hadramautic

Minaean

Qatabanian

Awsanian

Razihi

Sabaic

* Italics indicate extinct or historical languages.

Languages between parentheses are varieties of the language on their left.

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Lingue romanze

Lingue d'origine

Latino classico^† · Latino volgare^† · Latino medievale^†

Lingua sarda

Sardo campidanese · Sardo logudorese

Lingue romanze
italo-occidentali

Lingue
gallo-iberiche

Lingue
galloromanze

Arpitano	Faetano-cellese · Francoprovenzale
Lingue gallo-italiche	Emiliano · Ligure · Lombardo · Piemontese · Romagnolo
Lingue d'oïl‎	Anglo-normanno^† · Francese (Francese antico^† · Francese medio^†) · Normanno · Piccardo · Vallone
Lingue retoromanze	Friulano · Ladino · Romancio
Lingue occitano-romanze	Catalano · Occitano

Lingue
ibero-romanze

Lingue iberiche occidentali

Lingue asturiano-leonesi	Asturiano · Estremegno · Leonese · Mirandese
Lingue castigliane	Spagnolo (Spagnolo medievale^†) · Spagnolo amazzonico
Lingue galiziano-portoghesi	Fala · Galiziano · Minderico · Portoghese

Lingue pirenaico-mozarabiche	Aragonese · Mozarabico^† · Navarro-aragonese^†

Lingue
italo-dalmate

Lingue italo-romanze	Corso · Gallurese · Italiano · Napoletano · Sassarese · Siciliano
Lingue dalmato-romanze	Dalmatico^† · Istrioto

Veneto

Cipilegno · Talian · Veneto

Lingue romanze
orientali

Arumeno · Rumeno · Meglenorumeno · Istrorumeno

Lingue franche

Lingua franca mediterranea/Sabir^†

Lingue giudeo-romanze

Giudeo-aragonese^† · Giudeo-catalano^† · Giudeo-francese^† · Giudeo-italiano · Giudeo-latino^† · Giudeo-portoghese^† · Giudeo-provenzale^† · Giudeo-spagnolo

Classificazione incerta

Romanzo d'Africa^† · Romanzo britannico^† · Romanzo pannonico^† · Romanzo mosellano^†

† lingua estinta (nessun sopravvissuto tra i parlanti nativi e nessuno tra i discendenti)