List of viceroys of New Spain

This article lists the viceroys who ruled the Viceroyalty of New Spain from 1535 to 1821 in the name of the monarch of Spain.

Viceroy of New Spain
Juan O'Donojú
Residence	Palace of the Viceroy
Appointer	King of Spain
Formation	14 November 1535
First holder	Antonio de Mendoza
Final holder	Juan O'Donojú
Abolished	28 September 1821

In addition to viceroys, this article lists the highest Spanish governors of the viceroyalty, before the appointment of the first viceroy or when the office of viceroy was vacant. Most of these individuals exercised most or all of the functions of viceroy, usually on an interim basis.

Governor of the Spanish Indies

This office covered the territories that were discovered by Christopher Columbus.^{[dubious – discuss]}

1492–1499: Christopher Columbus, as governor and viceroy of the West Indies

1499–1502: Francisco de Bobadilla, as governor of the West Indies

1502–1509: Nicolás de Ovando, as governor of the West Indies

1509–1518: Diego Columbus, as governor of the West Indies until 1511, thereafter as viceroy

Governor of New Spain

This office covered the territories that were claimed by Hernán Cortés. The office covered the territories that were under the control of the Governor of the Indies after 1524.

13 August 1521 – 24 December 1521: Hernán Cortés

24 December 1521 – 30 December 1521: Cristóbal de Tapia

30 December 1521 – 12 October 1524: Hernán Cortés, as governor and captain general from 15 October 1522

12 October 1524 – 29 December 1524: Alonso de Estrada, Rodrigo de Albornoz, Alonso de Zuazo

29 December 1524 – 17 February 1525: Gonzalo de Salazar, Pedro Almíndez Chirino, Alonso de Zuazo

17 February 1525 – 20 April 1525: Gonzalo de Salazar, Pedro Almíndez Chirino, Alonso de Estrada, Rodrigo de Albornoz, Alonso de Zuazo

20 April 1525 – 23 May 1525: Gonzalo de Salazar, Pedro Almíndez Chirino, Alonso de Zuazo

24 May 1525 – 28 January 1526: Gonzalo de Salazar, Pedro Almíndez Chirino

29 January 1526 – 24 June 1526: Alonso de Estrada, Rodrigo de Albornoz

25 June 1526 – 3 July 1526: Hernán Cortés

4 July 1526 – 16 July 1526: Luis Ponce de León

16 July 1526 – 1 March 1527: Marcos de Aguilar

2 March 1527 – 22 August 1527: Alonso de Estrada, Gonzalo de Sandoval, Luis de la Torre

22 August 1527 – 8 December 1528: Alonso de Estrada, Luis de la Torre

9 December 1528 – 21 December 1529: Nuño Beltrán de Guzmán, Juan Ortiz de Matienzo, Diego Delgadillo (the first Audiencia)

21 December 1529 – 9 January 1531: Juan Ortiz de Matienzo, Diego Delgadillo (the first Audiencia)

10 January 1531 – 16 April 1535: Sebastián Ramírez de Fuenleal, Vasco de Quiroga, Juan de Salmerón, Alonso de Maldonado, Francisco Ceinos (the second Audiencia)

Viceroys of New Spain (1535–1821)

The first Viceroy of New Spain was appointed in 1535 to consolidate the offices of the Governor of the Indies and the Governor of New Spain into a single office.

No.	Portrait	Governor	From	Until	Valido Secretary of the Universal Bureau First Secretary of State	Monarch
1		Antonio de Mendoza	14 November 1535	25 November 1550	No valido	Charles I
2		Luís de Velasco	25 November 1550	31 July 1564
						Philip II
Int.		Francisco Ceinos, Dean of the Audiencia	1 August 1564	19 October 1566
3		Gastón Carrillo de Peralta y Bosquete, 3rd Marquess of Falces	19 October 1566	11 November 1567
Acting		Alonso de Muñoz, Royal commisioner of New Spain	11 November 1567	15 April 1568
		Luis Carrillo, Royal commisioner of New Spain
		Francisco Ceinos, Dean of the Audiencia	15 April 1568	5 November 1568
4		Martín Enríquez de Almanza	5 November 1568	4 October 1580
5		Lorenzo Suárez de Mendoza, 4th Count of La Coruña	4 October 1580	19 June 1583
Int.		Luis de Villanueva y Zapata, Dean of the Audiencia	19 June 1583	25 September 1584
6		Pedro de Moya y Contrerás (Archbishop of Mexico)	25 September 1584	17 October 1585
7		Álvaro Manrique de Zúñiga 1st Marquess of Villamanrique	17 October 1585	27 January 1590
8		Luís de Velasco Marquess of Salinas	27 January 1590	5 November 1595
9		Gaspar de Zúñiga Acevedo y Fonseca, 5th Count of Monterrey	5 November 1595	27 October 1603
					Duke of Lerma[1]	Philip III
10		Juan de Mendoza y Luna, Marquess of Montesclaros	27 October 1603	2 July 1607
11		Luís de Velasco, Marquess of Salinas	2 July 1607	19 June 1611
12		García Guerra, O.P. (Archbishop of Mexico)	19 June 1611	22 February 1612
Int.		Pedro Otárola, Dean of the Audiencia	22 February 1612	18 October 1612
13		Diego Fernández de Córdoba, Marquess of Guadalcázar and Count of Posadas	18 October 1612	14 March 1621
					Cristóbal Gómez de Sandoval[1]
Acting		Paz de Valecillo, Dean of the Audiencia	14 March 1621	11 September 1621
						Philip IV
					Baltasar de Zúñiga[1]
14		Diego Carrillo de Mendoza y Pimentel, 1st Marquess of Gélves	21 September 1621	1 November 1624
					Count-Duke of Olivares[1]
Vacant Due to the discrepancy on the arrival of successor Viceroy from 1 to 3 November 1624.
15		Rodrigo Pacheco y Osorio de Toledo, 3rd Marquess of Cerralvo	3 November 1624	16 September 1635
16		Lope Díez de Aux de Armendáriz, Marquess of Cadreita	16 September 1635	28 August 1640
17		Diego Roque López Pacheco Cabrera y Bobadilla, 7th Duke of Escalona, 7th Marquess of Villena and 7th Count of Xiquena	28 August 1640	10 June 1642
18		Juan de Palafox y Mendoza (Bishop of Puebla)	10 June 1642	23 November 1642
		García Sarmiento de Sotomayor, 2nd Count of Salvatierra and Marquess of Sobroso	23 November 1642	14 May 1648
19					Luis de Haro[1]
20		Marcos de Torres y Rueda (Bishop of Yucatan)	15 May 1648	22 April 1649
Int.		Matías de Peralta, Dean of the Audiencia	22 April 1649	28 June 1650
21		Luis Enríquez de Guzmán, 9th Count of Alba de Liste and Marquess of Villaflor	28 June 1650	15 August 1653
22		Francisco Fernández de la Cueva, 8th Duke of Alburquerque, Marquess of Cuéllar, Count of Ledesma and of Huelma	15 August 1653	16 September 1660
23		Juan de Leyva de la Cerda, Marquess of Adrada	16 September 1660	29 June 1664
					No valido[2]
24		Diego Osorio de Escobar y Llamas (Bishop of Puebla)	29 June 1664	15 October 1664
		Antonio Sebastián de Toledo Molina y Salazar, 2nd Marquess of Mancera	16 October 1664	20 November 1673
25						Charles II
					Juan Everardo Nithard[1]
					Fernando de Valenzuela[1]
26		Pedro Nuño Colón de Portugal y Castro, 6th Duke of Veragua, 6th Marquess of Jamaica and 6th Count of Gelves	20 November 1673	13 December 1673
		Payo Enríquez de Rivera Manrique, O.S.A. (Bishop of Guatemala and Archbishop of Mexico)	13 December 1673	7 November 1680
27					John Joseph of Austria[3]
					Duke of Medinaceli[3]
28		Tomás Antonio Manuel Lorenzo de la Cerda y Aragón 3rd Marquess of La Laguna de Camero Viejo	7 November 1680	16 June 1686
					Count of Oropesa[3]
29		Melchor Portocarrero y Lasso de la Vega, 3rd Count of Monclova	16 June 1686	20 November 1688
		Gaspar Melchor Baltasar de la Cerda Silva Sandoval y Mendoza, 8th Count of Galve, Lord of Salcedón and Tortola	20 November 1688	27 February 1696
30					Cardinal Portocarrero[1]
31		Juan de Ortega Cano Montañez y Patiño (Bishop of Durango, Guatemala, Michoacán and Archbishop of Mexico)	27 February 1696	18 December 1696
		José Sarmiento Valladares Arines de Romay, 1st Duke of Atrisco, Count of Moctezuma and of Tula	18 December 1696	4 November 1701	Count of Oropesa[3]
32					Cardinal Portocarrero[1]
					Antonio de Ubilla[4]	Philip V
33		Juan de Ortega Cano Montañez y Patiño (Archbishop of Mexico)	4 November 1701	27 November 1702
34		Francisco V Fernández de la Cueva Enríquez y Fernández de la Cueva, 10th Duke of Alburquerque and Marquess of Cuéllar	27 November 1702	13 November 1710
					Marquis of Mejorada del Campo[4]
35		Fernando de Alencastre Noroña y Silva, 1st Duke of Linares and Marquess of Valdefuentes	13 November 1710	16 July 1716
					Manuel de Vadillo y Velasco[4]
36		Baltasar de Zúñiga Guzmán Sotomayor y Mendoza, 1st Duke of Arión and Marquess of Valero	16 July 1716	15 October 1722	José de Grimaldo[4]
		Juan de Acuña y Bejarano, 2nd Marquess of Casa Fuerte	15 October 1722	17 March 1734
37					Juan Bautista de Orendáin[4]	Louis I From 1700 to 1724, Philip V was the king; then from 1724 to 1746. Louis I only reigned in 1724.
					José de Grimaldo[4]	Philip V
					Baron Ripperda[4]
					José de Grimaldo[4]
					Juan Bautista de Orendáin[4]
		Juan Antonio de Vizarrón y Eguiarreta (Archbishop of Mexico)	17 March 1734	17 August 1740
38					José de Patiño y Rosales[5]
					Marquess of Villarías[5]
39		Pedro de Castro Figueroa y Salazar, 1st Duke of La Conquista and 1st Marquess of Gracia Real	17 August 1740	22 August 1741
Int.		Pedro Malo de Villavicencio, President of the Audiencia	23 August 1741	2 November 1742
40		Pedro Cebrián y Agustín, 5th Count of Fuenclara	3 November 1742	9 July 1746
		Juan Francisco de Güemes y Horcasitas, 1st Count of Revillagigedo	9 July 1746	9 November 1755		Ferdinand VI
41					José de Carvajal[5]
					Duke of Huéscar[5]
					Ricardo Wall[5]
42		Agustín de Ahumada y Villalón, Marquess of Amarillas	10 November 1755	5 February 1760
						Charles III
Int.		Francisco Antonio de Echávarri, Dean of the Audiencia	5 February 1760	28 April 1760
43		Francisco Cajigal de la Vega	28 April 1760	5 October 1760
44		Joaquín de Montserrat, Marquess of Cruillas	5 October 1760	24 August 1766
					Jerónimo Grimaldi[5]
45		Carlos Francisco de Croix, Marquess of Croix	24 August 1766	22 September 1771
46		Antonio María de Bucareli y Ursúa	22 September 1771	9 April 1779
					Count of Floridablanca[5]
Int.		Francisco Romá y Rosell, Regent of the Audiencia	10 April 1779	22 August 1779
47		Martín de Mayorga Ferrer, Captain General of Guatemala	23 August 1779	28 April 1783
48		Matías de Gálvez y Gallardo, Captain General of Guatemala	28 April 1783	20 October 1784
–		Vicente de Herrera y Rivero, Regent of the Audiencia	20 October 1784	17 June 1785
49		Bernardo de Gálvez y Madrid, 1st Viscount of Galveston and 1st Count of Gálvez	17 June 1785	30 November 1786
Int.		Eusebio Sánchez Pareja y Beleño Regent of the Audiencia	30 November 1786	8 May 1787
50		Alonso Núñez de Haro y Peralta (Archbishop of Mexico)	8 May 1787	16 August 1787
51		Manuel Antonio Flórez Maldonado	16 August 1787	16 October 1789
		Juan Vicente de Güemes Pacheco de Padilla y Horcasitas, 2nd Count of Revillagigedo	17 October 1789	11 July 1794
52						Charles IV
					Count of Aranda[5]
					Manuel Godoy[5]
53		Miguel de la Grúa Talamanca de Carini y Branciforte, 1st Marquess of Branciforte	12 July 1794	31 May 1798
					Francisco de Saavedra[5]
54		Miguel José de Azanza Alegría, 1st Duke of Santa Fe	31 May 1798	30 April 1800
					Mariano Luis de Urquijo[5]
55		Félix Berenguer de Marquina	30 April 1800	4 January 1803
					Pedro Cevallos Guerra[5]
		José de Iturrigaray[6]	4 January 1803	16 September 1808
56					Gonzalo O'Farril[5]
					Pedro Cevallos Guerra[5]	Ferdinand VII
					Mariano Luis de Urquijo[5]	Joseph I[7]
57		Pedro de Garibay[6]	16 September 1808	19 July 1809
58		Francisco Javier de Lizana y Beaumont (Archbishop of Mexico)[6]	19 July 1809	8 May 1810
59		Pedro Catani[6]	8 May 1810	14 September 1810
60		Francisco Javier Venegas, 1st Marquess of Reunión and of New Spain[6]	14 September 1810	4 March 1813
		Félix María Calleja del Rey, 1st Count of Calderón[6]	4 March 1813	20 September 1816
61					Juan O'Donoju[5]
					Fernando de Laserna[5]
					José Luyando[5]	Ferdinand VII
					José Miguel de Carvajal-Vargas[5]
					Pedro Cevallos Guerra[5]
					Jaun Estebán Lozano de Torres[5]
					Pedro Cevallos Guerra[5]
		Juan Ruiz de Apodaca, 1st Count of Venadito	20 September 1816	5 July 1821
62					José García de León[5]
					Carlos Martínez de Irujo[5]
					Manuel González Salmón[5]
					Joaquín José Melgarejo[5]
					Juan Jabat Aztal[5]
					Evaristo Pérez de Castro[5]
					Joaquín Anduaga Cuenca[5]
					Francisco de Paula Escudero[5]
					Eusebio Bardají y Azara[5]
63		Francisco Novella Azabal Pérez y Sicardo	15 July 1821	21 July 1821
64		Juan O'Donojú	21 July 1821	28 September 1821

See also

• Mexico
• History of Mexico
• List of heads of state of Mexico
• Spanish attempts to reconquer Mexico
• Viceroyalty of New Spain
  • Governor-General of the Philippines
• Viceroyalty of Peru
• Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata
• Viceroyalty of New Granada

External links

• Northern New Spain: A Research Guide (1981) by Thomas C. Barnes, Thomas H. Naylor, and Charles W. Polzer, p. 94.
• (in Spanish) List of viceroys and other colonial rulers at the Mexican government site
• (in Spanish) Cronología de los Gobernantes de México 1325–2000 (Powerpoint)
• (in Spanish) List of Spanish colonial officials before the viceroyalty

References

1. As valido of the King of Spain
2. Personalist government of Philip IV
3. As Chief Minister of Spain
4. As Secretary of the Universal Bureau
5. As First Secretary of State
6. Loyal to Ferdinand VII during the Spanish War of Independence
7. The viceroys didn't recognise Joseph Bonaparte, they were loyal to Ferdinand VII