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Riga 50:
== Storia ==
=== Primordi ===
Durante il periodo della [[civiltà della valle dell'Indo]] (3300-1700 a.C.), il passo Khyber, che attraversa la catena dell'[[Hindu Kush]], garantiva un importante collegamento con gli imperi vicini ed era sfruttato dai mercanti per le loro spedizioni commerciali.<ref>{{
La regione del [[Regno di Gandhāra|Gandhara]], che si estendeva principalmente nell'area dell'attuale Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, ricoprì un ruolo di primo piano nel ''[[Ṛgveda|Rigveda]]'' (circa 1500-1200 a.C.),<ref name=Rigveda>{{cita web | url=https://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/rigveda/rv01126.htm | titolo=Rig Veda: Rig-Veda Book 1: HYMN CXXVI. Bhāvayavya | sito=www.sacred-texts.com | accesso=16 marzo 2023 | dataarchivio=16 marzo 2023 | urlarchivio=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316221215/https://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/rigveda/rv01126.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Macdonell1997"/> e compare anche nell<nowiki>'</nowiki>''[[Avestā|Avesta]]'' zoroastriano, in cui è citata come ''Vaēkərəta'', sesto luogo più bello della Terra creato da [[Ahura Mazdā|Ahura Mazda]]. Fu uno dei sedici ''[[Mahajanapada]]'' dell'[[Civiltà vedica|epoca vedica]]<ref name="auto12"/><ref name="auto3">{{cita libro | autore=K. Warikoo | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NsdvkRtAtusC&pg=PA73 | titolo=Bamiyan: Challenge to World Heritage | anno=2004 | editore=Third Eye | isbn=978-81-86505-66-3 | accesso=20 gennaio 2023 | dataarchivio=30 novembre 2023 | urlarchivio=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130173938/https://books.google.com/books?id=NsdvkRtAtusC&pg=PA73 | urlmorto=no}}</ref><ref name="auto22">{{cita libro | autore=Mogens Herman Hansen | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8qvY8pxVxcwC&pg=PA377 | titolo=A Comparative Study of Thirty City-state Cultures: An Investigation | anno=2000 | editore=Kgl. Danske Videnskabernes Selskab | isbn=978-87-7876-177-4 | accesso=20 gennaio 2023 | dataarchivio=30 novembre 2023 | urlarchivio=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130174052/https://books.google.com/books?id=8qvY8pxVxcwC&pg=PA377#v=onepage&q&f=false | urlmorto=no}}</ref> e un centro di rilievo sia per il [[Vedismo|culto vedico]] sia per le forme successive di [[induismo]]. Il Gandhara è menzionato frequentemente nei grandi testi epici indiani, tra cui ''[[Ṛgveda|Rigveda]]'', ''[[Rāmāyaṇa|Ramayana]]'' e ''[[Mahābhārata|Mahabharata]]'', ed è ricordato soprattutto come la patria di Gandhari, principessa del [[Regno di Gandhāra|regno del Gandhara]].<ref>{{cita libro | autore=Karl J. Schmidt | anno=1995 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BqdzCQAAQBAJ | titolo=An Atlas and Survey of South Asian History | p=120}}; {{cita libro | autore=Doris Meth Srinivasan | anno=2008 | apitolo=Hindu Deities in Gandharan art | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lHBEAQAAIAAJ | titolo=Gandhara, The Buddhist Heritage of Pakistan: Legends, Monasteries, and Paradise | pp=130-143}}; {{cita libro | autore=T. Richard Blurton | anno=1993 | url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115090452/https://books.google.com/books?id=xJ-lzU_nj_MC | titolo=Hindu Art | editore=Harvard University Press | pp=84 e 176}}</ref>
Riga 137:
=== Il Raj britannico ===
[[File:The Khyber Pass with the fortress of Alimusjid - lithograph by James Rattray - 1848 (1).jpg|thumb|left|
La [[Compagnia britannica delle Indie orientali]] sconfisse i Sikh durante la [[seconda guerra anglo-sikh]] del 1849, incorporando alcune porzioni della regione nella [[Provincia del Punjab (India britannica)|provincia del Punjab]]. Sebbene Peshawar fosse teatro di una piccola rivolta contro gli inglesi durante i [[moti indiani del 1857]], le tribù pashtun del territorio, da tempo ostili ai Sikh, rimasero perlopiù neutrali o persino favorevoli ai britannici,<ref name="humshehri.org">{{cita web | titolo=KP Historical Overview | url=http://humshehri.org/history/kpk-historical-overview/ | urlmorto=sì | urlarchivio=https://web.archive.org/web/20150311194150/http://humshehri.org/history/kpk-historical-overview/ | dataarchivio=11 marzo 2015 | accesso=22 aprile 2015 | sito=Humshehri}}</ref> a differenza di altre zone dell'[[Presidenze e province dell'India britannica|India britannica]] che insorsero apertamente. Ciononostante, le tribù wazire del [[Waziristan]] e altre compagini pashtun sfidarono con costanza l'autorità inglese, resistendo a qualunque forma di occupazione straniera fino alla nascita del Pakistan.
Riga 166:
== Geografia ==
[[File:River Swat Pakistan 3.jpg|thumb|Le regioni settentrionali della provincia presentano foreste e spettacolari paesaggi montani, come nel [[distretto di Swat]].]]
[[File:ISS053-E-173835 - View of Earth.jpg|thumb|Il [[Bajour|distretto di Bajaur]] di notte vista dalla [[Stazione spaziale internazionale]]: a sinistra l'[[Hindu Kush]] e a destra le città illuminate.]]
La provincia del Khyber Pakhtunkhwa si estende in gran parte sull'[[altopiano iranico]], dove i pendii della catena dell'[[Hindu Kush]], posta sulla [[placca eurasiatica]], cedono il passo alle colline bagnate dall'Indo, anticamera del [[subcontinente indiano]]. Tale conformazione geografica ha dato origine, in passato, a episodi di attività sismica.<ref>{{cita web | url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/419493/Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa/249136/Geography | titolo=Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (province, Pakistan) :: Geography | sito=Britannica Online Encyclopedia | accesso=25 maggio 2010 | dataarchivio=18 maggio 2011 | urlarchivio=https://web.archive.org/web/20110518165219/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/419493/Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa/249136/Geography | urlmorto=no}}</ref> A ovest, il celebre [[passo Khyber]] collega la provincia all'Afghanistan, mentre a est, nel territorio di Abbottabad, il ponte Kohala attraversa il fiume [[Jhelum]].
Dal punto di vista territoriale, il Khyber Pakhtunkhwa si divide in due aree: la zona settentrionale, che va dai rilievi dell'[[Hindu Kush]] fino alla conca di Peshawar, e la zona meridionale, estesa da quest'ultima fino al bacino di Derajat.
Nella porzione settentrionale gli inverni sono freddi e nevosi, con precipitazioni copiose, mentre le estati risultano miti, fatta eccezione per la conca di Peshawar, dove il clima estivo è torrido e quello invernale rigido, con piogge di entità moderata. La sezione meridionale presenta un clima prevalentemente arido, con estati molto calde, inverni piuttosto freddi e scarse precipitazioni.<ref>{{cita web | url=http://dawn.com/2012/11/29/its-wintertime-in-khyber-pakhtunkhwa/ | titolo=It's wintertime in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa | Newspaper | editore=Dawn.Com | data=29 novembre 2012 | accesso=24 maggio 2013 | dataarchivio=12 febbraio 2013 | urlarchivio=https://web.archive.org/web/20130212191514/http://dawn.com/2012/11/29/its-wintertime-in-khyber-pakhtunkhwa/ | urlmorto=no}}</ref> I monti Sheikh Badin – una catena di colline argillose e [[Arenaria|arenarie]] che si protendono a est dai monti Sulaiman fino al fiume [[Indo]] – separano il [[distretto di Dera Ismail Khan]] dalle pianure di Marwat ([[Distretto di Lakki Marwat|Lakki Marwat]]). La vetta più elevata è la montagna calcarea chiamata Sheikh Badin, all'interno dell'[[Parco nazionale di Sheikh Badin|omonimo parco nazionale]]. Nei pressi dell'Indo, la catena termina in una propaggine [[Calcare|calcarea]] nota come colline di Kafir Kot, dove sorge l'antico complesso induista omonimo.<ref>{{cita libro | titolo=T. Tolbort | titolo=The District of Dera Ismail Khan, Trans-Indus | anno=1871 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RVQOAAAAQAAJ&q=dera+ismail+khan | accesso=12 dicembre 2017}}</ref>
I fiumi principali che attraversano la regione sono il Kabul, lo Swat, il Chitral, il Kunar, il Siran, il Panjkora, il Bara, il Kurram, il Dor, l'Haroo, il Gomal e lo Zhob. Grazie alle vette innevate e alle vallate lussureggianti, rinomate per l'eccezionale bellezza del paesaggio, l'area offre un notevole potenziale turistico.<ref>{{cita web | url=http://www.paperpkads.com/news/index.php/cold-dry-weather-observed-in-upper-areas-of-country/ | titolo=Cold weather in upper areas & dry weather observed in almost all parts of the country | PaperPK News about Pakistan | editore=Paperpkads.com | data=29 gennaio 2013 | accesso=24 maggio 2013 | urlarchivio=https://web.archive.org/web/20130802050456/http://www.paperpkads.com/news/index.php/cold-dry-weather-observed-in-upper-areas-of-country/ | dataarchivio=2 agosto 2013 | urlmorto=sì}}</ref>
=== Clima ===
Il Khyber Pakhtunkhwa presenta una notevole varietà [[clima]]tica, racchiudendo quasi tutti i tipi di clima riscontrabili in Pakistan. Situata in gran parte sull'altopiano iranico, si estende a sud dal passo Broghil nella catena dell'[[Hindu Kush]], coprendo quasi sei gradi di latitudine ed essendo prevalentemente montuosa. Nella zona di [[Dera Ismail Khan]], considerata tra le più calde dell'Asia meridionale, le temperature possono sfiorare i 50 °C, mentre i rilievi settentrionali godono di estati miti e inverni molto rigidi. L'aria è in genere molto secca, circostanza che accentua le escursioni termiche sia giornaliere che annuali.<ref>{{cita web | url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V19_153.gif | titolo=North-West Frontier Province – Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 19, p. 147 | editore=Dsal.uchicago.edu | accesso=25 maggio 2010 | dataarchivio=24 maggio 2010 | urlarchivio=https://web.archive.org/web/20100524160041/http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V19_153.gif | urlmorto=no}}</ref>
[[File:Ghabral swatvalley x004.JPG|thumb|right|Gabral, nella [[Distretto di Swat|valle dello Swat]].]]
Le precipitazioni variano enormemente: sebbene gran parte del territorio sia arida o semi-arida, nella fascia orientale che risente del [[monsone]] (da metà giugno a metà settembre) si registra invece la piovosità più elevata di tutto il Pakistan. I distretti di [[Distretto di Upper Chitral|Upper Chitral]] e [[Distretto di Lower Chitral|Lower Chitral]], per la loro collocazione occidentale e per la protezione offerta dal massiccio del [[Nanga Parbat]], sono quasi del tutto al riparo dai [[Monsone|monsoni]] che interessano l'est del Paese. Vi prevale pertanto un clima più vicino a quello dell'Asia centrale che non al subcontinente indiano, con inverni molto freddi e [[Neve|nevicate]] abbondanti che possono isolare i passi montani. In estate, le temperature nelle valli possono superare frequentemente i 40 °C, ma l'umidità è estremamente bassa, rendendo la calura più sopportabile rispetto ad altre aree dell'Asia meridionale.<ref name="Trekking">{{cita libro | autore=John Mock e Kimberley O'Neil | titolo=Trekking in the Karakoram and Hindukush | p=15 | isbn=0-86442-360-8}}</ref><ref>{{cita libro | autore=John Mock e Kimberley O'Neil | titolo=Trekking in the Karakoram and Hindukush | pp=18-19 | isbn=0-86442-360-8}}</ref>
Nell'area centrale del Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, che comprende distretti come [[Dir (stato)|Dir]], il clima è più umido rispetto a Chitral, grazie ai venti carichi di umidità provenienti dal [[Mar Arabico]] che incontrano i versanti montuosi. Qui gli inverni sono meno rigidi che nel nord, mentre le estati non raggiungono mai il caldo estremo di Dera Ismail Khan. Tuttavia, quando il [[monsone]] è attivo, l'aumento dell'umidità può accentuare la sensazione di afa. Le precipitazioni, tuttavia, mostrano un andamento particolare: a Dir, il mese più piovoso rimane spesso marzo per via delle perturbazioni invernali, mentre nella regione di Hazara oltre la metà delle piogge annuali è concentrata nel periodo monsonico, generando un regime pluviometrico bimodale.<ref name="Wernsted">{{cita libro | autore=Frederick L. Wernsted | titolo=World Climatic Data | anno=1972 | editore=Climatic Data Press | pp=522}}</ref>
Procedendo verso sud, lontano dai rilievi dell'Himalaya e del Karakoram, il clima passa dal subtropicale umido dei contrafforti a quello via via più [[Clima desertico|arido]], simile alle condizioni presenti nel [[Sindh]], nel [[Belucistan (Pakistan)|Belucistan]] o nel sud del [[Punjab (Pakistan)|Punjab]]. Le precipitazioni sono esigue (spesso inferiori ai 400 mm annui) e le temperature estive possono diventare torride, specialmente nell'area di Dera Ismail Khan, al confine meridionale della provincia, con picchi fra i più elevati al mondo. Durante i mesi invernali, le notti risultano piuttosto fredde e, sebbene le gelate siano frequenti, le massime diurne rimangono di norma gradevoli sotto un sole abbondante.<ref>{{cita web | titolo=Birds of Dera Ismail Khan District of the Northwest Frontier Province in Pakistan | url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/237410649 | accesso=13 febbraio 2021 | sito=ResearchGate}}</ref>
===National parks===
There are about 29 [[List of national parks of Pakistan|National Parks in Pakistan]] and 7 in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="width:98%"
|-
!scope="col" | Name
!scope="col" class="unsortable"| Photo
!scope="col" | Location
!scope="col" |Date established
!scope="col" |Area (Hec)
!scope="col" |Key wildlife
|-
!scope="row" | [[Ayubia National Park]]
|[[File:Mukeshpuri.jpg|100px]]
|[[Abbottabad District]]
|{{dts|1984}}
|3,122
|[[Indian leopard]], [[Leopard cat]], [[Yellow-throated marten]], [[Asian palm civet]], [[Masked palm civet]], [[Rhesus macaque]], [[Red giant flying squirrel]], [[Koklass pheasant]] and [[Kalij pheasant]]
|-
!scope="row" | [[Chitral Gol National Park]]
|[[File:Meadows of Chitral Gol National Park; Tahsin Shah 03.jpg|100px]]
|[[Lower Chitral District]]
|{{dts|1984}}
|7,750
|[[Markhor]], [[Urial]], [[Snow leopard]], [[Persian leopard]], [[Himalayan lynx]], [[Himalayan brown bear]], [[Chukar partridge]], [[Snow partridge]], [[Himalayan snowcock]] and [[Himalayan black bear]]
|-
!scope="row" | [[Broghil Valley National Park]]
|[[File:I took this picture of Karmbar lake on my recent visit. Im donating it only to wikipedia for public knowledge.jpg|100px]]
|[[Upper Chitral District]]
|{{dts|2010}}
| 134,744
|[[Siberian ibex]], [[Himalayan musk deer]], [[Himalayan brown bear]] and [[Long-tailed marmot]]
|-
!scope="row" | [[Sheikh Badin National Park]]
|
|[[Dera Ismail Khan District]]
|{{dts|1999}}
|15,540
|[[Persian leopard]], [[Indian wolf]], [[Bengal fox]], [[Urial]], [[Markhor]], [[Chukar partridge]], [[Indian boar]], [[Black francolin]] and [[Grey francolin]]
|-
!scope="row" | [[Saiful Muluk National Park]]
|[[File:Saif ul Maluk Lake 2.jpg|100px]]
|[[Mansehra District]]
|{{dts|2003}}
|12,026
|[[Himalayan black bear]], [[Yellow-throated marten]], [[Masked palm civet]], [[Himalayan goral]], [[Himalayan musk deer]], [[Siberian ibex]], [[Himalayan monal]] and [[Cheer pheasant]]
|-
!scope="row" | [[Lulusar-Dudipatsar National Park]]
|[[File:Dudiptsar Lake.jpg|100px]]
|[[Mansehra District]]
|{{dts|2003}}
|75,058
|[[Persian leopard]], [[Yellow-throated marten]], [[Himalayan black bear]], [[Siberian ibex]], [[Himalayan goral]], [[Himalayan monal]] and [[Western tragopan]]
|}
== Demografia ==
{{historical population
|1868|1,713,596
|1881|1,955,515
|1891|2,281,708
|1901|2,125,480
|1911|3,819,027
|1921|5,076,476
|1931|4,684,364
|1941|5,415,666
|1951|5,899,905
|1961|7,578,186
|1972|10,879,781
|1981|13,259,875
|1998|20,919,976
|2017|35,501,964
|2023|40,856,097
| source = <ref name="2017census">{{cite web|title=Table 1: Area, Population by Sex, Sex ratio, Population density, Urban Proportion, Household Size and Annual Growth Rate|url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files//population_census/National.pdf|publisher=Pakistan Bureau of Statistics|access-date=30 August 2017|archive-date=27 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927171509/https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files//population_census/National.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="KPK1951">{{cite web|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/31337|title=North-West Frontier Province, Report & Tables, Vol-4 Pakistan – Census 1951|website=Census Digital Library|access-date=17 November 2024}}</ref><ref name="NWFP1941">{{cite web |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.28215543 |jstor=saoa.crl.28215543 |access-date=23 September 2021 |title=Census of India, 1941. Vol. 10, North-West Frontier Province |year=1941 |archive-date=29 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230129064219/https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.28215543 |url-status=live |author1=India Census Commissioner |volume=10 }}</ref><ref name="NWFP1931">{{cite web |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25793233 |jstor=saoa.crl.25793233 |access-date=7 February 2023 |title=Census of India, 1931, vol. XV. North-west frontier province. Part I-Report. Part II-Tables |last1=Mallam |first1=G. L. |last2=Dundas |first2=A. D. F. |year=1933 |publisher=Peshawar, Printed by the manager, Government stationery and printing, 1933. |archive-date=8 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230208000202/https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25793233 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="NWFP1921">{{cite web |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25430163 |jstor=saoa.crl.25430163 |access-date=2 February 2023 |title=Census of India 1921. Vol. 14, North-west Frontier Province : part I, Report; part II, Tables. |year=1921 |archive-date=12 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230212084456/https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25430163 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="NWFP1911">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25394102 |jstor=saoa.crl.25394102 |access-date=23 September 2021 |title=Census of India 1911. Vol. 13, North-west Frontier Province : part I, Report; part II, Tables. |year=1911}}</ref><ref name="NWFP1901">{{cite web |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25363739 |jstor=saoa.crl.25363739 |access-date=25 February 2024 |title=Census of India 1901. [Vol. 17A]. Imperial tables, I-VIII, X-XV, XVII and XVIII for the Punjab, with the native states under the political control of the Punjab Government, and for the North-west Frontier Province. |year=1901 |archive-date=28 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240128154853/https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25363739 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="NWFP1891">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25318669 |jstor=saoa.crl.25318669 |access-date=22 June 2024 |title=The Punjab and its feudatories, part II—Imperial Tables and Supplementary Returns for the British Territory |year=1891 |last1=Edward Maclagan |first1=Sir |volume=2 }}</ref><ref name="NWFP1881">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25057657 |jstor=saoa.crl.25057657 |access-date=16 June 2024 |title=Census of India, 1881 Report on the Census of the Panjáb Taken on the 17th of February 1881, vol. II. |year=1881 }}</ref>
}}
Secondo il censimento del Pakistan del 2023, l'attuale provincia del Khyber Pakhtunkhwa conta 40,9 milioni di abitanti, di cui oltre l'85% risiede in aree rurali.<ref name="pbs.gov.pk">{{cita web | titolo=AREA, POPULATION BY SEX, SEX RATIO, POPULATION DENSITY, URBAN POPULATION, HOUSEHOLD SIZE AND ANNUAL GROWTH RATE, CENSUS-2023 | url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/tables/kp/pcr/table_1.pdf | sito=pbs.gov.pk | editore=Pakistan Bureau of Statistics}}</ref>
=== Divisioni ===
[[File:Districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.png|alt=The districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Colours correspond to divisions.|left|thumb|The various [[Divisions of Pakistan|divisions]] of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. {{break|2}} From the top-right: {{break|2}} Light green: [[Hazara division]] {{break}} Red: [[Malakand Division|Malakand division]] {{break}} Teal: [[Mardan Division|Mardan division]] {{break}} Orange: [[Peshawar Division|Peshawar division]] {{break}} Pink: [[Kohat Division|Kohat division]] {{break}} Brown: [[Bannu Division|Bannu division]] {{break}} Blue: [[Dera Ismail Khan Division|Dera Ismail Khan division]]]]
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="align:left;"
|-
! colspan="6" | Divisioni del Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
|-
!Divisione||Popolatione<br/>2023<ref name="pbs.gov.pk"/>||Popolazione<br/>2017||Populazione<br/>1998||Area (km²)||Capitale
|-
|[[Divisione di Peshawar|Peshawar]]||align="right"|10.035.171||align="right"|7.403.817||align="right"|3.923.588||align="right"|9.134||[[Peshawar]]
|-
|[[Divisione di Malakand|Malakand]]||align="right"|9.959.399||align="right"|7.514.694||align="right"|4.262.700||align="right"|31.162||[[Saidu Sharif]]
|-
|[[Divisione di Hazara|Hazara]]||align="right"|6.188.736||align="right"|5.325.121||align="right"|3.505.581||align="right"|17.064||[[Abbottabad]]
|-
|[[Divisione di Mardan|Mardan]]||align="right"|4.639.498||align="right"|3.997.677||align="right"|2.486.904||align="right"|3.175||[[Mardan]]
|-
|[[Divisione di Kohat|Kohat]]||align="right"|3.752.436||align="right"|2.218.971||align="right"|1.307.969||align="right"|12.377||[[Kohat]]
|-
|[[Divisione di Dera Ismail Khan|Dera Ismail Khan]]||align="right"|3.188.779||align="right"|2.019.017||align="right"|1.091.211||align="right"|18.854||[[Dera Ismail Khan]]
|-
|[[Bannu Division|Bannu]]||align="right"|3,092,078||align="right"|2,044,074||align="right"|1,165,692||align="right"|9.975||[[Bannu]]
|-
|}
{{clear}}
=== Gruppi etnici ===
Il principale gruppo etnico è rappresentato dai [[Pashtun]], presenti nella regione da secoli.<ref>{{cita web | url=http://kp.gov.pk/page/races_and_tribes | titolo=Races and Tribes – Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa | sito=Kp.gov.pk | accesso=20 giugno 2021 | dataarchivio=9 giugno 2021 | urlarchivio=https://web.archive.org/web/20210609173454/http://kp.gov.pk/page/races_and_tribes | urlmorto=no}}</ref> Si stima che fino a un terzo della popolazione della provincia non sia pashtun,<ref>{{cita web | data=giugno 2018 | titolo=Pashtuns in Pakistan | url=https://minorityrights.org/communities/pashtuns-2/ | urlarchivio=https://web.archive.org/web/20240203172501/https://minorityrights.org/communities/pashtuns-2/ | dataarchivio=3 febbraio 2024 | sito=Minority Rights Group}}</ref> concentrato in gran parte nelle aree settentrionali. Tra i gruppi minoritari più significativi figurano gli Hindkowan nella regione di Hazara, i Kohistani nel distretto di Kohistan e i Chitrali e [[Kalash]] nel [[distretto di Chitral]]. Nella zona meridionale del [[distretto di Dera Ismail Khan]] prevalgono i parlanti [[saraiki]].<ref name="2023censuslanguage">{{cita web | titolo=7th Population and Housing Census – Detailed Results: Table 11 | url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/tables/kp/dcr/table_11.pdf | sito=Pakistan Bureau of Statistics}}</ref> Vanno inoltre considerati circa 1,5 milioni di rifugiati afghani,<ref>{{cita web | url=http://www.unhcr.org/news/NEWS/481856844.html | titolo=Pakistani TV delves into lives of Afghan refugees | editore=United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees | data=30 aprile 2008 | accesso=25 maggio 2010 | dataarchivio=20 maggio 2011 | urlarchivio=https://web.archive.org/web/20110520002658/http://www.unhcr.org/news/NEWS/481856844.html | urlmorto=no}}</ref> per lo più pashtun, seguiti da [[tagiki]], [[hazara]], [[gurjar]] e altri gruppi minori. Pur risiedendo nella provincia da decenni, tali rifugiati sono registrati come cittadini dell'Afghanistan.<ref>{{cita web | url=http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/page?page=49e487016 | titolo=UNHCR country operations profile – Pakistan | editore=United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees | accesso=12 dicembre 2012 | dataarchivio=24 luglio 2020 | urlarchivio=https://web.archive.org/web/20200724052251/https://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/page?page=49e487016 | urlmorto=no}}</ref>
I Pashtun del Khyber Pakhtunkhwa osservano un codice di condotta tribale noto come ''[[Pashtunwali]]'', fondato su quattro principi di alto valore: ''nang'' (onore), ''badal'' (vendetta), ''melmastiya'' (ospitalità) e ''nanawata'' (diritto d'asilo).<ref name="T&F"/>
=== Lingua ===
{{Pie chart
|thumb = right
|caption = Languages of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (2023)<ref name="2023censuslanguage" />
|label1 = [[Pashto]] |value1 = 81 |color1 = red
|label2 = [[Hindko]] |value2 = 9.39 |color2 = blue
|label3 = [[Saraiki language|Saraiki]] |value3 = 3.17 |color3 = orange
|label4 = [[Indus Kohistani language|Kohistani]] |value4 = 2.45 |color4 = yellow
|label5=[[Urdu]]|color5=purple|value5=0.64|value6=0.24|label6=[[Punjabi Language|Punjabi]]|value7=0.17|label7=[[Shina language|Shina]]|color6=green|label8=Others (mainly [[Khowar]])|value8=2.94|color8=white}}
L'[[Lingia urdu|urdu]], in quanto lingua nazionale e ufficiale, funge da ''[[lingua franca]]'' per la comunicazione interetnica; in alcune comunità [[Lingua pashtu|pashto]] e urdu possono risultare la seconda e la terza lingua.<ref name="T&F"/>
Secondo il censimento del 2023, la lingua più diffusa è il [[Lingua pashtu|pashto]], madrelingua per l'81% della popolazione, e parlato in tutta la provincia.<ref name="2023censuslanguage"/> Seguono l'[[Lingua hindko|hindko]] (9,39%), il [[Lingua saraiki|saraiki]] (3,17%) e le [[Lingue dardiche|lingue kohistane]] (2,45%).<ref name="2023censuslanguage"/> L'hindko è principalmente diffuso nella [[divisione di Hazara]] a nord-est, mentre il saraiki si concentra nel [[distretto di Dera Ismail Khan]], all'estremità meridionale.<ref name=":7"/> La categoria «lingue kohistane» comprende diversi idiomi locali del nord, come il kohistani dell'Indo, il bateri, il chilisso, il gawri, il gowro, il torwali e il mankiyali.<ref>{{cita web | titolo=How to ignore a language | url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/1030378-how-to-ignore-a-language | accesso=23 luglio 2024 | sito=www.thenews.com.pk}}</ref><ref>{{cita web | data=4 aprile 2023 | titolo=My Language, My Identity: The Census Form Will Include Torwali, Gawri And Gujari Languages | url=https://www.thefridaytimes.com/2023/04/04/my-language-my-identity-the-census-form-will-include-torwali-gawri-and-gujari-languages/ | accesso=23 luglio 2024 | sito=The Friday Times}}</ref> Circa un milione di persone ha selezionato la voce «Altre lingue», tra cui per lo più il [[Lingua khowar|khowar]] nella parte nord-occidentale montuosa del [[Chitral]].<ref name="2023censuslanguage"/><ref name=":7"/>
Nel 2011, il governo provinciale ha approvato in linea di principio l'introduzione del pashto, saraiki, hindko, khowar e kohistani come materie obbligatorie nelle scuole delle rispettive aree di competenza linguistica.<ref>{{cita libro | autore=Elena L. Bashir | anno=2016 | capitolo=Language endangerment and documentation. Pakistan and Afghanistan | curatore=Hans Heinrich Hock e Elena Bashir | titolo=The languages and linguistics of South Asia: a comprehensive guide | serie=World of Linguistics | editore=De Gruyter Mouton | città=Berlino | isbn=978-3-11-042715-8 | p=639}}</ref>
<div style="overflow-x:auto; border: 1px solid #AAA; padding-left: 0.1em; padding-right: 0.1em">
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Lingue nel Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (1881-2023)
! rowspan="2" |[[Lingua<br>materna]]
! colspan="2" |1881<ref name="NWFP1881"/>{{rp|168}}
! colspan="2" |1891<ref name="NWFP1891"/>{{rp|116}}
! colspan="2" |1901<ref name="NWFP1901"/>{{rp|181}}
! colspan="2" |1911<ref name="NWFP1911"/>{{rp|330}}
! colspan="2" |1921<ref name="NWFP1921"/>{{rp|370}}
! colspan="2" |1931<ref name="NWFP1931"/>{{rp|357}}
! colspan="2" |1951<ref name="KPK1951"/>
! colspan="2" |2017<ref name="KPK2017B">{{cite web|url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/index.php/content/final-results-census-2017-0|title= Table-11 Population by mother tongue, sex and rural/urban|website=Pakistan Bureau of Statistics|access-date=17 November 2024}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |2023<ref name="KPK2023B">{{cite web|url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/digital-census/detailed-results|title=7th Population and Housing Census – Detailed Results Table-11 Population by mother tongue, sex and rural/urban|website=Pakistan Bureau of Statistics|access-date=17 November 2024}}</ref>
|-
![[Population|{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}]]
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
|-
| [[Greater Punjabi]]{{efn|name=PunjabiLanguages|[[Punjabi languages and dialects]] amalgamated for comparative purposes, as they were previously enumerated jointly as [[Punjabi languages and dialects]]. Includes speakers of [[Western Punjabi (Lahnda)]] ([[Hindko]]-[[Saraiki language|Saraiki]]: [[Peshawari dialect|Peshawari]], [[Pahari-Pothwari]], [[Derawali dialect|Derawali]], Chinawab, [[Multani (language)|Multani]], [[Chachhi dialect|Chachhi]], [[Ghebi]], [[Tanoli]], [[Kohati]], [[Awankari dialect|Awankari]], Hariani, and others) and also includes speakers of [[Standard Punjabi]]. Both are included as one on table for continuity between censuses, as enumeration results frequently shifted as standardization of the various Punjabi dialects and languages was an ongoing process, with speakers of Standard Punjabi comprising a majority as per the 1911 census, while speakers of Western Punjabi (Lahnda) comprised a majority as per the 1921 and 1931 census.}}
| 1,050,061
| {{Percentage | 1050061 | 1955515 | 2 }}
| 1,226,648
| {{Percentage | 1226648 | 2281708 | 2 }}
| 876,604
| {{Percentage | 876604 | 2050724 | 2 }}
| 916,365
| {{Percentage | 916365 | 2196933 | 2 }}
| 1,000,255
| {{Percentage | 1000255 | 2251340 | 2 }}
| 1,102,905
| {{Percentage | 1102905 | 2425076 | 2 }}
| 1,008,434
| {{Percentage | 1008434 | 4109398 | 2 }}
| 4,820,336
| {{Percentage | 4820336 | 35501964 | 2 }}
| 5,203,012
| {{Percentage | 5203012 | 40856097 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Pashto]]
| 870,816
| {{Percentage | 870816 | 1955515 | 2 }}
| 1,023,021
| {{Percentage | 1023021 | 2281708 | 2 }}
| 1,088,606
| {{Percentage | 1088606 | 2050724 | 2 }}
| 1,221,859
| {{Percentage | 1221859 | 2196933 | 2 }}
| 1,202,326
| {{Percentage | 1202326 | 2251340 | 2 }}
| 1,279,471
| {{Percentage | 1279471 | 2425076 | 2 }}
| 2,875,751
| {{Percentage | 2875751 | 4109398 | 2 }}
| 28,363,363
| {{Percentage | 28363363 | 35501964 | 2 }}
| 32,919,592
| {{Percentage | 32919592 | 40856097 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Urdu]]{{efn|Previously also enumerated as [[Hindi]] or [[Hindustani language|Hindustani]].}}
| 17,645
| {{Percentage | 17645 | 1955515 | 2 }}
| 15,686
| {{Percentage | 15686 | 2281708 | 2 }}
| 15,598
| {{Percentage | 15598 | 2050724 | 2 }}
| 16,995
| {{Percentage | 16995 | 2196933 | 2 }}
| 8,814
| {{Percentage | 8814 | 2251340 | 2 }}
| 19,221
| {{Percentage | 19221 | 2425076 | 2 }}
| 50,409
| {{Percentage | 50409 | 4109398 | 2 }}
| 298,319
| {{Percentage | 298319 | 35501964 | 2 }}
| 259,925
| {{Percentage | 259925 | 40856097 | 2 }}
|-
| [[English language|English]]
| 4,554
| {{Percentage | 4554 | 1955515 | 2 }}
| 5,204
| {{Percentage | 5204 | 2281708 | 2 }}
| 4,601
| {{Percentage | 4601 | 2050724 | 2 }}
| 5,720
| {{Percentage | 5720 | 2196933 | 2 }}
| 9,762
| {{Percentage | 9762 | 2251340 | 2 }}
| 7,852
| {{Percentage | 7852 | 2425076 | 2 }}
| 125
| {{Percentage | 125 | 4109398 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
| [[Persian language|Persian]]
| 4,028
| {{Percentage | 4028 | 1955515 | 2 }}
| 3,962
| {{Percentage | 3962 | 2281708 | 2 }}
| 2,851
| {{Percentage | 2851 | 2050724 | 2 }}
| 3,454
| {{Percentage | 3454 | 2196933 | 2 }}
| 2,352
| {{Percentage | 2352 | 2251340 | 2 }}
| 6,030
| {{Percentage | 6030 | 2425076 | 2 }}
| 4,422
| {{Percentage | 4422 | 4109398 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
| [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]]
| 3,736
| {{Percentage | 3736 | 1955515 | 2 }}
| 2,218
| {{Percentage | 2218 | 2281708 | 2 }}
| 821
| {{Percentage | 821 | 2050724 | 2 }}
| 533
| {{Percentage | 533 | 2196933 | 2 }}
| 343
| {{Percentage | 343 | 2251340 | 2 }}
| 1,796
| {{Percentage | 1796 | 2425076 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 46,084
| {{Percentage | 46084 | 35501964 | 2 }}
| 6,471
| {{Percentage | 6471 | 40856097 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Balochi language|Balochi]]
| 2,510
| {{Percentage | 2510 | 1955515 | 2 }}
| 554
| {{Percentage | 554 | 2281708 | 2 }}
| 92
| {{Percentage | 92 | 2050724 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 4
| {{Percentage | 4 | 4109398 | 2 }}
| 27,846
| {{Percentage | 27846 | 35501964 | 2 }}
| 30,636
| {{Percentage | 30636 | 40856097 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Nepali language|Nepali]]
| 1,020
| {{Percentage | 1020 | 1955515 | 2 }}
| 2,655
| {{Percentage | 2655 | 2281708 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 5,179
| {{Percentage | 5179 | 2196933 | 2 }}
| 4,149
| {{Percentage | 4149 | 2251340 | 2 }}
| 5,140
| {{Percentage | 5140 | 2425076 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
| [[Dogri language|Dogri]]
| 624
| {{Percentage | 624 | 1955515 | 2 }}
| 336
| {{Percentage | 336 | 2281708 | 2 }}
| 674
| {{Percentage | 674 | 2050724 | 2 }}
| 46
| {{Percentage | 46 | 2196933 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
| [[Sindhi language|Sindhi]]
| 204
| {{Percentage | 204 | 1955515 | 2 }}
| 101
| {{Percentage | 101 | 2281708 | 2 }}
| 196
| {{Percentage | 196 | 2050724 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 7
| {{Percentage | 7 | 2251340 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 23
| {{Percentage | 23 | 4109398 | 2 }}
| 32,134
| {{Percentage | 32134 | 35501964 | 2 }}
| 10,019
| {{Percentage | 10019 | 40856097 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
| 202
| {{Percentage | 202 | 1955515 | 2 }}
| 106
| {{Percentage | 106 | 2281708 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 217
| {{Percentage | 217 | 2251340 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 900
| {{Percentage | 900 | 4109398 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
| [[Balti language|Balti]]
| 38
| {{Percentage | 38 | 1955515 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 858
| {{Percentage | 858 | 40856097 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]
| 16
| {{Percentage | 16 | 1955515 | 2 }}
| 282
| {{Percentage | 282 | 2281708 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 97
| {{Percentage | 97 | 2196933 | 2 }}
| 11
| {{Percentage | 11 | 2251340 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
| [[Marathi language|Marathi]]
| 1
| {{Percentage | 1 | 1955515 | 2 }}
| 61
| {{Percentage | 61 | 2281708 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 219
| {{Percentage | 219 | 2196933 | 2 }}
| 1
| {{Percentage | 1 | 2251340 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
| [[Chitrali language|Chitrali]] ([[Khowar]]–[[Kalasha language|Kalasha]])
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 7
| {{Percentage | 7 | 2281708 | 2 }}
| 1
| {{Percentage | 1 | 2050724 | 2 }}
| 41
| {{Percentage | 41 | 2196933 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 97,489
| {{Percentage | 97489 | 4109398 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 5,632
| {{Percentage | 5632 | 40856097 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Rajasthani languages|Rajasthani]]{{efn|Includes [[Gujari language|Gujari]], [[Od language|Odki]], [[Marwari language|Marwari]], and [[Mewati language|Mewati]].}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 53,329
| {{Percentage | 53329 | 2050724 | 2 }}
| 25,812
| {{Percentage | 25812 | 2196933 | 2 }}
| 22,637
| {{Percentage | 22637 | 2251340 | 2 }}
| 596
| {{Percentage | 596 | 2425076 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 93
| {{Percentage | 93 | 40856097 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Kohistani language|Kohistani]]
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 117
| {{Percentage | 117 | 2196933 | 2 }}
| 222
| {{Percentage | 222 | 2251340 | 2 }}
| 377
| {{Percentage | 377 | 2425076 | 2 }}
| 65,647
| {{Percentage | 65647 | 4109398 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 996,182
| {{Percentage | 996182 | 40856097 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Brahui language|Brahui]]
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 70,357
| {{Percentage | 70357 | 35501964 | 2 }}
| 1,570
| {{Percentage | 1570 | 40856097 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Shina language|Shina]]
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 70,140
| {{Percentage | 70140 | 40856097 | 2 }}
|-
| Others
| 60
| {{Percentage | 60 | 1955515 | 2 }}
| 867
| {{Percentage | 867 | 2281708 | 2 }}
| 7,351
| {{Percentage | 7351 | 2050724 | 2 }}
| 496
| {{Percentage | 496 | 2196933 | 2 }}
| 244
| {{Percentage | 244 | 2251340 | 2 }}
| 1,688
| {{Percentage | 1688 | 2425076 | 2 }}
| 1,408
| {{Percentage | 1408 | 4109398 | 2 }}
| 1,843,525
| {{Percentage | 1843525 | 35501964 | 2 }}
| 1,136,990
| {{Percentage | 1136990 | 40856097 | 2 }}
|-
|- class="sortbottom"
! Total responses
! 1,955,515
! {{Percentage | 1955515 | 1955515 | 2 }}
! 2,281,708
! {{Percentage | 2281708 | 2281708 | 2 }}
! 2,050,724
! {{Percentage | 2050724 | 2125480 | 2 }}
! 2,196,933
! {{Percentage | 2196933 | 3819027 | 2 }}
! 2,251,340
! {{Percentage | 2251340 | 5076476 | 2 }}
! 2,425,076
! {{Percentage | 2425076 | 4684364 | 2 }}
! 4,109,398
! {{Percentage | 4109398 | 5899905 | 2 }}
! 35,501,964
! {{Percentage | 35501964 | 35501964 | 2 }}
! 40,641,120
! {{Percentage | 40641120 | 40856097 | 2 }}
|- class="sortbottom"
! Total population
! 1,955,515
! {{Percentage | 1955515 | 1955515 | 2 }}
! 2,281,708
! {{Percentage | 2281708 | 2281708 | 2 }}
! 2,125,480
! {{Percentage | 2125480 | 2125480 | 2 }}
! 3,819,027
! {{Percentage | 3819027 | 3819027 | 2 }}
! 5,076,476
! {{Percentage | 5076476 | 5076476 | 2 }}
! 4,684,364
! {{Percentage | 4684364 | 4684364 | 2 }}
! 5,899,905
! {{Percentage | 5899905 | 5899905 | 2 }}
! 35,501,964
! {{Percentage | 35501964 | 35501964 | 2 }}
! 40,856,097
! {{Percentage | 40856097 | 40856097 | 2 }}
|- class="sortbottom"
| colspan="25" | {{small|Note1: 1881, 1891, 1901, 1911, 1921, and 1931 census populations for language data is for [[North-West Frontier Province]] only and excludes the [[Federally Administered Tribal Areas]] (both administrative divisions later merged to form Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in 2018), as linguistic data was not collected in the latter region at the time.<br><br>Note2: 1951 census populations include all of [[North-West Frontier Province]] and some enumerated populations of the [[Federally Administered Tribal Areas]].}}
|}
</div>
=== Religione ===
La stragrande maggioranza dei residenti nel Khyber Pakhtunkhwa professa l'[[Sunnismo|islam sunnita]], mentre nelle zone di Kurram, Kohat, Hangu, Orakzai, Dera Ismail khan, Mardan e in diversi distretti del centro-sud della provincia è presente una significativa sciita. Oltre agli sciiti duodecimani, nel distretto di [[Chitral]] vive anche una comunità di [[Ismailismo|ismailiti]].<ref name="A Brief History of Pakistan">{{cita libro | autore=James Wynbrandt | titolo=A Brief History of Pakistan | anno=2009 | editore=Infobase Publishing | città=New York | pp=52-54}}</ref> Nel sud del [[Chitral]], la popolazione [[kalash]] conserva una forma arcaica di [[politeismo]] intrisa di [[animismo]], un culto da tempo diffuso nelle regioni montuose del nord-est.<ref name="A Brief History of Pakistan"/> A Peshawar e in altri centri urbani si trovano in numero molto esiguo [[Cristianesimo|cristiani]] (principalmente [[Chiesa cattolica in Pakistan|cattolici]]), [[Induismo in Pakistan|indù]] e [[Sikhismo|sikh]].<ref>{{cita web | url=http://www.bhagwanvalmiki.com/pakistan.htm | titolo=Pakistan Valmiki Sabha | editore=Bhagwanvalmiki.com | accesso=12 dicembre 2012 | urlmorto=sì | urlarchivio=https://web.archive.org/web/20040517232241/http://www.bhagwanvalmiki.com/pakistan.htm | dataarchivio=17 maggio 2004}}</ref><ref>{{cita web | url=http://news.oneindia.in/2010/02/24/sikhrefugees-demand-indiancitizenship.html | titolo=Sikh refugees demand Indian citizenship | editore=Oneindia News | data=24 febbraio 2010 | accesso=12 dicembre 2012 | dataarchivio=9 luglio 2014 | urlarchivio=https://web.archive.org/web/20140709055130/http://news.oneindia.in/2010/02/24/sikhrefugees-demand-indiancitizenship.html | urlmorto=sì}}</ref>
{{Clear}}
<div style="overflow-x:auto; border: 1px solid #AAA; padding-left: 0.1em; padding-right: 0.1em">
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Religion in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (1881–2023)
! rowspan="2" |[[Religion in Pakistan|Religious]]<br />group
! colspan="2" |1881<ref name="NWFP1881"/>{{rp|17–18}}
! colspan="2" |1891<ref name="NWFP1891"/>{{rp|14–15}}
! colspan="2" |1901<ref name="NWFP1901"/>{{rp|34–36}}
! colspan="2" |1911<ref name="NWFP1911"/>{{rp|307–308}}
! colspan="2" |1921<ref name="NWFP1921"/>{{rp|345–346}}
! colspan="2" |1931<ref name="NWFP1931"/>{{rp|373–375}}
! colspan="2" |1941<ref name="NWFP1941"/>{{rp|22}}
! colspan="2" |1951<ref name="KPK1951-rel">{{cite web|url=http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/7452/1/1422_1951_POP.pdf|title=CENSUS OF PAKISTAN, 1951 POPULATION ACCORDING TO RELIGION TABLE 6|access-date=24 January 2023|archive-date=26 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326032054/http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/7452/1/1422_1951_POP.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>{{rp|12–21}}
! colspan="2" |1998<ref name="KPK1998">{{cite web|url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/other/yearbooks//yearbook2014/16-16.pdf|title=Population Distribution by Religion, 1998 Census|access-date=23 January 2023|archive-date=23 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230123235906/https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/other/yearbooks//yearbook2014/16-16.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |2017<ref name="KPK2017">{{cite web|url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2017/tables/pakistan/Table09n.pdf|title=TABLE 9 – POPULATION BY SEX, RELIGION AND RURAL/URBAN|access-date=23 January 2023|archive-date=9 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220809195627/https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2017/tables/pakistan/Table09n.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |2023<ref name="KPK2023">{{cite web|url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/digital-census/detailed-results|title=7th Population and Housing Census – Detailed Results Table-9 Population by sex, religion and rural/urban|website=Pakistan Bureau of Statistics|access-date=6 August 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Religious Demographics of Pakistan 2023 |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/tables/national/table_9.pdf}}</ref>
|-
![[Population|{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}]]
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
|-
! [[Islam]] [[File:Star and Crescent.svg|15px]]
| 1,787,341
|{{Percentage | 1787341 | 1955515 | 2 }}
| 2,088,015
|{{Percentage | 2088015 | 2281708 | 2 }}
| 1,890,479
|{{Percentage | 1890479 | 2050724 | 2 }}
| 2,039,994
|{{Percentage | 2039994 | 2196933 | 2 }}
| 2,062,786
|{{Percentage | 2062786 | 2251340 | 2 }}
| 2,227,303
|{{Percentage | 2227303 | 2425076 | 2 }}
| 2,788,797
|{{Percentage | 2788797 | 3038067 | 2 }}
| 5,858,080
|{{Percentage | 5858080 | 5864550 | 2 }}
| 20,808,480
|{{Percentage | 20808480 | 20919976 | 2 }}
| 35,428,857
|{{Percentage | 35428857 | 35501964 | 2 }}
| 40,486,153
|{{Percentage | 40486153 | 40641120 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Hinduism]] [[File:Om.svg|15px]]{{efn|name=HinduCensus|1951, 1998, 2017, 2023: Including Hindu (Jati) and Scheduled Castes.}}
| 154,081
|{{Percentage | 154081 | 1955515 | 2 }}
| 166,984
|{{Percentage | 166984 | 2281708 | 2 }}
| 129,306
|{{Percentage | 129306 | 2050724 | 2 }}
| 119,942
|{{Percentage | 119942 | 2196933 | 2 }}
| 149,881
|{{Percentage | 149881 | 2251340 | 2 }}
| 142,977
|{{Percentage | 142977 | 2425076 | 2 }}
| 180,321
|{{Percentage | 180321 | 3038067 | 2 }}
| 2,432
|{{Percentage | 2432 | 5864550 | 2 }}
| 7,011
|{{Percentage | 7011 | 20919976 | 2 }}
| 6,373
|{{Percentage | 6373 | 35501964 | 2 }}
| 6,102
|{{Percentage | 6102 | 40641120 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Sikhism]] [[File:Khanda.svg|15px]]
| 9,205
|{{Percentage | 9205 | 1955515 | 2 }}
| 21,110
|{{Percentage | 21110 | 2281708 | 2 }}
| 25,733
|{{Percentage | 25733 | 2050724 | 2 }}
| 30,345
|{{Percentage | 30345 | 2196933 | 2 }}
| 28,040
|{{Percentage | 28040 | 2251340 | 2 }}
| 42,510
|{{Percentage | 42510 | 2425076 | 2 }}
| 57,939
|{{Percentage | 57939 | 3038067 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 4,050
|{{Percentage | 4050 | 40641120 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Christianity]] [[File:Christian cross.svg|15px]]
| 4,725
|{{Percentage | 4725 | 1955515 | 2 }}
| 5,437
|{{Percentage | 5437 | 2281708 | 2 }}
| 5,119
|{{Percentage | 5119 | 2050724 | 2 }}
| 6,585
|{{Percentage | 6585 | 2196766 | 2 }}
| 10,610
|{{Percentage | 10610 | 2251340 | 2 }}
| 12,213
|{{Percentage | 12213 | 2425076 | 2 }}
| 10,889
|{{Percentage | 10889 | 3038067 | 2 }}
| 3,823
|{{Percentage | 3823 | 5864550 | 2 }}
| 38,974
|{{Percentage | 38974 | 20919976 | 2 }}
| 50,018
|{{Percentage | 50018 | 35501964 | 2 }}
| 134,884
|{{Percentage | 134884 | 40641120 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Jainism]] [[File:Jain_Prateek_Chihna.svg|15px]]
| 106
|{{Percentage | 106 | 1955515 | 2 }}
| 108
|{{Percentage | 108 | 2281708 | 3 }}
| 37
|{{Percentage | 37 | 2050724 | 3 }}
| 4
|{{Percentage | 4 | 2196933 | 4 }}
| 3
|{{Percentage | 3 | 2251340 | 4 }}
| 0
|{{Percentage | 0 | 2425076 | 2 }}
| 1
| {{Percentage | 1 | 3038067 | 3 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
! [[Zoroastrianism]] [[File:Faravahar.svg|15px]]
| 52
|{{Percentage | 52 | 1955515 | 3 }}
| 48
|{{Percentage | 48 | 2281708 | 3 }}
| 46
|{{Percentage | 46 | 2050724 | 3 }}
| 49
|{{Percentage | 49 | 2196933 | 3 }}
| 20
|{{Percentage | 20 | 2251340 | 3 }}
| 60
|{{Percentage | 60 | 2425076 | 3 }}
| 24
| {{Percentage | 24 | 3038067 | 3 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 36
|{{Percentage | 36 | 40641120 | 4 }}
|-
! [[Buddhism]] [[File:Dharma_Wheel_(2).svg|15px]]
| 0
|{{Percentage | 0 | 1955515 | 2 }}
| 0
|{{Percentage | 0 | 2281708 | 2 }}
| 0
|{{Percentage | 0 | 2050724 | 2 }}
| 0
|{{Percentage | 0 | 2196933 | 2 }}
| 0
|{{Percentage | 0 | 2251340 | 2 }}
| 2
|{{Percentage | 2 | 2425076 | 4 }}
| 25
| {{Percentage | 25 | 3038067 | 3 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
! [[Judaism]] [[File:Star_of_David.svg|15px]]
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 4
|{{Percentage | 4 | 2281708 | 4 }}
| 4
|{{Percentage | 4 | 2050724 | 4 }}
| 14
|{{Percentage | 14 | 2196933 | 3 }}
| 0
|{{Percentage | 0 | 2251340 | 2 }}
| 11
|{{Percentage | 11 | 2425076 | 4 }}
| 71
| {{Percentage | 71 | 3038067 | 3 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
! [[Ahmadiyya]] [[File:Liwa-e-Ahmadiyya_1-2.svg|15px]]
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 48,703
|{{Percentage | 48703 | 20919976 | 2 }}
| 7,204
|{{Percentage | 7204 | 35501964 | 2 }}
| 951
|{{Percentage | 951 | 40641120 | 3 }}
|-
! Others
| 5
|{{Percentage | 5 | 1955515 | 4 }}
| 2
|{{Percentage | 2 | 2281708 | 4 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 2050724 | 2 }}
| 0
|{{Percentage | 0 | 2196933 | 2 }}
| 0
|{{Percentage | 0 | 2251340 | 2 }}
| 0
|{{Percentage | 0 | 2425076 | 2 }}
| 0
|{{Percentage | 0 | 3038067 | 3 }}
| 215
|{{Percentage | 215 | 5864550 | 3 }}
| 16,808
|{{Percentage | 16808 | 20919976 | 2 }}
| 9,512
|{{Percentage | 9512 | 35501964 | 2 }}
| 8,944
|{{Percentage | 8944 | 40641120 | 2 }}
|- class="sortbottom"
! Total Responses{{efn|name="population"|Pre-partition populations for religious data is for [[North-West Frontier Province]] only and excludes the [[Federally Administered Tribal Areas]] (both administrative divisions later merged to form Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in 2018), as religious data was not collected in the latter region at the time.<br /><br />1951, 1998, and 2017 populations for religious data combine the [[North-West Frontier Province]] and [[Federally Administered Tribal Areas]], both administrative divisions which later merged to form Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in 2018.}}
! 1,955,515
! {{Percentage | 1955515 | 1955515 | 2 }}
! 2,281,708
! {{Percentage | 2281708 | 2281708 | 2 }}
! 2,050,724
! {{Percentage | 2050724 | 2125480 | 2 }}
! 2,196,933
! {{Percentage | 2196933 | 3819027 | 2 }}
! 2,251,340
! {{Percentage | 2251340 | 5076476 | 2 }}
! 2,425,076
! {{Percentage | 2425076 | 4684364 | 2 }}
! 3,038,067
! {{Percentage | 3038067 | 5415666 | 2 }}
! 5,864,550{{efn|name=KPK1951|Excluding 35,355 persons claiming Nationalities other than Pakistani.}}
! {{Percentage | 5864550 | 5899905 | 2 }}
! 20,919,976
! {{Percentage | 20919976 | 20919976 | 2 }}
! 35,501,964
! {{Percentage | 35501964 | 35501964 | 2 }}
! 40,641,120
! {{Percentage | 40641120 | 40856097 | 2 }}
|- class="sortbottom"
! Total Population{{efn|name="population"}}
! 1,955,515
! {{Percentage | 1955515 | 1955515 | 2 }}
! 2,281,708
! {{Percentage | 2281708 | 2281708 | 2 }}
! 2,125,480
! {{Percentage | 2125480 | 2125480 | 2 }}
! 3,819,027
! {{Percentage | 3819027 | 3819027 | 2 }}
! 5,076,476
! {{Percentage | 5076476 | 5076476 | 2 }}
! 4,684,364
! {{Percentage | 4684364 | 4684364 | 2 }}
! 5,415,666
! {{Percentage | 5415666 | 5415666 | 2 }}
! 5,899,905
! {{Percentage | 5899905 | 5899905 | 2 }}
! 20,919,976
! {{Percentage | 20919976 | 20919976 | 2 }}
! 35,501,964
! {{Percentage | 35501964 | 35501964 | 2 }}
! 40,856,097
! {{Percentage | 40856097 | 40856097 | 2 }}
|- class="sortbottom"
| colspan="25" | {{small|Note1: Pre-partition populations for religious data is for [[North-West Frontier Province]] only and excludes the [[Federally Administered Tribal Areas]] (both administrative divisions later merged to form Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in 2018), as religious data was not collected in the latter region at the time.<br /><br />Note2: 1951, 1998, and 2017 populations for religious data combine the [[North-West Frontier Province]] and [[Federally Administered Tribal Areas]], both administrative divisions which later merged to form Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in 2018.}}
|}
</div>
===Villages===
<!---♦♦♦ Only add a ___location to this list if they already have their own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦--->
<!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order ♦♦♦--->
*[[Kalāla]]
== Organizzazione amministrativa e divisioni ==
|