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{{Short description|Park in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia}}

The '''King's Domain''' is part of the '''Domain Parklands''' in [[Melbourne]], [[Victoria (Australia)|Victoria]], [[Australia]], on the south side of the [[Yarra River]], that incorporates the [[Alexandra Gardens, Melbourne|Alexandra Gardens]], [[Queen Victoria Gardens, Melbourne|Queen Victoria Gardens]] and the [[Royal Botanic Gardens, Melbourne|Royal Botanic Gardens]]. King's Domain surrounds [[Government House, Melbourne|Government House]] Reserve, the home of the [[Governors of Victoria]], the [[Sidney Myer Music Bowl]], and the Shrine Reserve incorporating the [[Shrine of Remembrance]].

{{Use Australian English|date=March 2015}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}

{{For|the King's Domain in New France|Domaine du roy}}

{{Infobox park

| name = Kings Domain

| photo = GovernmentHouseMelbourne1 gobeirne.jpg

| photo_width = 250px

| photo_caption = [[Government House, Melbourne|Government House]] in the south-east corner of Kings Domain

| coords = {{coord|display=it|37|49|33|S|144|58|27|E|type:landmark_region:AU-VIC}}

| type = Public Park

| ___location = [[Melbourne, Australia]]

| area = 36 hectares

| opened = 1854

| operator =

| visitation_num =

| visitation_year =

| visitation_ref =

| status = Open

| paths = Sealed

| transport = Tram, Bus, Car

| terrain = Undulating hills, Riverbank

| water = [[Yarra River]]

| vegetation = [[Flora of Australia|Australian Native]], Lawns, Non-native traditional gardens

| free_label = Landmarks

| free_data = [[Yarra River]], [[Sidney Myer Music Bowl]], [[Shrine of Remembrance]], [[Government House, Melbourne|Government House]], [[Indigenous Australians|Indigenous]] Remains Memorial, Various statues

| facilities = [[Toilet]]s, Shelters, Seating

| website =

}}

'''Kings Domain''' is an area of parklands in [[Melbourne, Victoria]], Australia. It surrounds [[Government House, Melbourne|Government House]] Reserve, the home of the [[governors of Victoria]], the [[Sidney Myer Music Bowl]], and the Shrine Reserve incorporating the [[Shrine of Remembrance]].

The King's Domain covers an area of 36 hectares of lawns and pathways set among exotic and Australian mature trees, a mixture of deciduous and evergreens. In the 19th century the King's Domain was managed by the Director of the Botanic Gardens, so many of the trees were planted by Baron [[Ferdinand von Mueller]] and later by [[William Guilfoyle]]. Around the Domain are scattered memorial statues and sculptures, each with their own story.

The park was established in 1854, extending the Domain Parklands further north-west, it covers an area of 36 hectares of lawns and pathways set among non-native and [[Flora of Australia|native Australian]] mature trees, a mixture of deciduous and evergreens. In the 19th century the Kings Domain was managed by the Director of the Botanic Gardens, so many of the trees were planted by Baron [[Ferdinand von Mueller]] and later by [[William Guilfoyle]]. Around the Domain are scattered memorial statues and sculptures, each with their own story.

The '''[[Sidney Myer Music Bowl]]''' is a world standard, [[architecture|architecturally]] significant, [[tensile structure]] and outdoor performance venue. It was officially opened by Prime Minister [[Robert Menzies]] on [[February 12]], [[1959]] with an audience of some 30,000 people, and has remained a popular ___location for Melburnians.

Kings Domain is part of a larger group of parklands directly south-east of the city, between St. Kilda Road and the [[Yarra River]] known as the '''Domain Parklands''', which includes;

[[Image:Ac.shrine1.JPG|thumb|left|150px|Shrine of Remembrance]]

*The [[Royal Botanic Gardens, Melbourne|Royal Botanic Gardens]]

The '''[[Shrine of Remembrance (Melbourne)|Shrine of Remembrance]]''' is one of the largest [[war memorial]]s in Australia. It was built as a memorial to the men and women of Victoria who served in [[World War I]], but soon came to be seen as Australia's major memorial to all the 60,000 Australians who died in that war.

*''Kings Domain''

* [[Alexandra Gardens, Melbourne|Alexandra Gardens]]

* [[Queen Victoria Gardens, Melbourne|Queen Victoria Gardens]]

==Structures & other features==

Governor '''[[La Trobe's Cottage]]''' is an historic cottage built in [[1839]] for the first superintendent of the [[Port Phillip]] District of [[New South Wales]], [[Charles La Trobe]], and his family. The cottage was constructed out of prefabricated materials imported from [[England]] on five hectares of land at [[Jolimont, Victoria|Jolimont]]. It is one of the few surviving examples still standing of prefabricated houses from this period of history and gives an insight into early colonial domestic architecture and living arrangements. In [[1963]] the cottage was relocated to the Kings Domain as an historical landmark, and is now located backing on to Dallas Brooks Drive.

*The '''[[Sidney Myer Music Bowl]]''' - a world standard, [[architecture|architecturally]] significant, [[tensile structure]] and outdoor performance venue. It was officially opened by Prime Minister [[Robert Menzies]] on 12 February 1959 with an audience of some 30,000 people, and has remained a popular ___location for Melburnians.

[[Image:Government House Melbourne.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Government House, Melbourne]]

*The '''[[Shrine of Remembrance]]''' is one of the largest [[war memorial]]s in Australia. It was built as a memorial to the men and women of Victoria who died in [[World War I]], but soon came to be seen as Australia's major memorial to all the 60,000 Australians who served in that war.

'''[[Government House, Melbourne]]''' is the office and official residence of the [[Governor of Victoria]]. It has also been used as the official residence of the [[Governor-General of Australia]] from [[1901]] to [[1930]] and from [[1934]] has been used continuously as the residence of the Governor of Victoria. Built between [[1871]] to [[1876]] in the Victorian Period [[Italianate]] style, it reflects the extravagant style of the period arising from a booming economy due to the [[Victorian gold rush]]es.

*Governor '''[[La Trobe's Cottage]]''' is an historic cottage built in 1839 for the first superintendent of the [[Port Phillip]] District of [[New South Wales]], [[Charles La Trobe]], and his family. The cottage was constructed out of prefabricated materials imported from England on five hectares of land at [[Jolimont, Victoria|Jolimont]]. It is one of the few surviving examples still standing of prefabricated houses from this period of history and gives an insight into early colonial domestic architecture and living arrangements. In 1963 the cottage was relocated to the Kings Domain as an historical landmark, and is now located backing on to Dallas Brooks Drive.

*'''[[Government House, Melbourne]]''' is the office and official residence of the [[governor of Victoria]]. It has also been used as the official residence of the [[Governor-General of Australia]] from 1901 to 1930 and from 1934 has been used continuously as the residence of the governor of Victoria. Built between 1871 and 1876 in the Victorian Period [[Italianate]] style, it reflects the extravagant style of the period arising from a booming economy due to the [[Victorian gold rush]]es.

*The [[Pioneer Women's Memorial Garden (Melbourne)|'''Pioneer Women's Memorial Garden''']] was designed by [[Hugh Linaker]] in tribute to the European pioneer women of the colony. It features a sunken garden area, with a blue-tiled grotto, which contains a small bronze figure of a woman. The garden was opened in 1935 during the centenary year of the founding of Melbourne.

*The '''[[Kings Domain Resting Place]]''' is a memorial for the remains of Indigenous People marked by a granite burial rock honouring the [[Aboriginal Victorians|Aboriginal People of Victoria]], including the local [[Wurundjeri]]. The skeletal remains of 38 Aboriginal People are buried here, after they were handed over to the Aboriginal Community in 1985 by the [[Melbourne Museum]] after the [[Koorie Heritage Trust]] proposed legal action.

<gallery mode=packed heights=170px>

File:Shrine of Rememberence.jpg|[[Shrine of Remembrance]]

File:John Monash statue Melbourne.jpg|Sir John Monash statue

Kings Domain Resting Place 1..jpg|[[Kings Domain Resting Place]]

File:Thomas Blamey statue Melbourne.jpg|Statue of Sir [[Thomas Blamey]]

File:Edward Dunlop (statue in Melbourne Botantic Gardens).jpg|Statue of "Weary" Dunlop

File:Ac.linlithgow.jpg|Statue of Lord Hopetoun, the Marquess of Linlithgow

File:Tilly Aston Bell at Kings Domain, Melbourne.jpg|Tilly Aston Bell

</gallery>

*A memorial to Sir '''[[John Monash]]''', as Commander in Chief of the Australian Forces during [[World War I]], is commemorated in a bronze equestrian statue created by [[William Leslie Bowles]]. It was unveiled by the Governor-General, [[William McKell]], on 12 November 1950.

*An interactive sculpture consisting of three bronze bells commemorates the life of '''[[Tilly Aston]]''', a blind [[List of disability rights activists|disability activist]] who founded the ''Victorian Association of Braille Writers'', and later went on to establish the ''Association for the Advancement of the Blind''. On the sculpture there is an embedded image of Tilly Aston with text in embossed lettering and in [[braille]]. The memorial was created by Anton Hasell in 1999.

*A memorial statue of '''Sir [[Thomas Blamey]]''' stands on the corner of Government House Drive and Birdwood Avenue. It was sculptured from granite and bronze by [[Raymond B. Ewers]] and presented to the city in February 1960. It recognises Australia's first Field Marshal and his insistence to the British command that Australian forces remain as cohesive units under Australian command.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.emelbourne.net.au/biogs/EM02117b.htm |access-date=29 October 2011 |title=Sir Thomas Blamey Memorial |publisher=[[University of Melbourne]]}}</ref>

*'''South African War Memorial (Memorial to Fallen Soldiers)'''. A central obelisk with a lion on each of four corners is the memorial for the Australians who died in the South African War of 1899–1902 (Boer War) Sculptored by J. Hamilton and erected in 1904 with members of the fifth Victorian Contingent Victorian Mounted Rifles.

*The '''Walker Fountain''' was donated by [[Ron Walker (Australian businessman)|Ron Walker]], Lord Mayor of Melbourne in 1981. It is located on Linlithgow Avenue and consists of a small lake with hundreds of streams of water, including underwater lights.

*A statue of Sir '''[[Weary Dunlop|Edward "Weary" Dunlop]]''' is made from bronze, granite and metal spikes from the [[Burma-Thailand Railway]] in 1995 by [[Peter Corlett]]. Weary Dunlop was known as a courageous leader and compassionate doctor and showed great leadership while serving as prisoner of war in [[Changi Prison]] and on the [[Burma-Thailand Railway]] during [[World War II|World War 2]]. On the steps leading to the sculpture are the names of other doctors who were also POWs at Changi.

*English Nurse '''[[Edith Cavell]]''' is remembered in Melbourne with [[Edith Cavell Memorial (Melbourne)|a marble bust]] erected by public subscription. Cavell helped English and French prisoners escape from Belgium during [[World War I]], and was tried by the Germans and executed on 12 October 1915. The bust was sculpted by Margaret Baskerville and unveiled in 1926.

*Facing St Kilda Road near the entry to Government House Drive stands a bronze equestrian statue of '''Lord Hopetoun''', more properly called [[John Hope, 1st Marquess of Linlithgow]], the first [[Governor-General of Australia]].<ref>{{cite map|publisher = Melway Publishing|title= Melway Greater Melbourne Street Directory|edition= 32|year= 2005|page= Map 1D|section= V11|isbn= 0-909439-06-0}}</ref> The statue is a result of a public subscription and was unveiled on 15 June 1911, by his Excellency [[Sir John Fuller]], accompanied by Prime Minister, [[Billy Hughes]].

<gallery mode=packed heights=110px>

The '''Pioneer Women's Garden''' was designed by [[Hugh Linaker]] and features a sunken garden area, with a blue-tiled grotto, which contains a small bronze figure of a woman, in tribute to the European pioneer women of the colony. The garden was opened in [[1935]] during the centenary year of the founding of Melbourne.

File:Aerial perspective of the Sidney Myer Bowl.jpg|Aerial perspective of the Sidney Myer Bowl

File:Victoria Police memorial.jpg|Victoria Police Memorial

A '''Memorial for the remains of indigenous people''' can be seen as a cluster of five painted eucalypt poles, adorned with the spirit people, the Rainbow Serpent and red ribbons, stands above a granite Burial rock honouring the Aboriginal people of Victoria, including the local [[Wurundjeri]]. The skeletal remains of 38 Aborigines are buried here, after they were handed over to the Aboriginal Community in [[1985]] by the [[Melbourne Museum]] under threat of legal action by the [[Koorie Heritage Trust]]. The burial of the remains was performed as a tribute to the people whose long relationship with the land was destroyed with European settlement. The poles were made in 1995 by Megan Evans and Ray Thomas.

File:Australian Turkish Friendship Memorial 1.jpg|[[Australian Turkish Friendship Memorial]]

File:Pioneer Women's Memorial.jpg|[[Pioneer Women's Memorial Garden (Melbourne)|Pioneer Women's Memorial Garden]]

[[Image:John Monash statue Melbourne.jpg|thumb|left|150px|Sir John Monash statue]]

File:La Trobe's Cottage 6.jpg|[[La Trobe's Cottage]]

A memorial to Sir '''[[John Monash]]''', as Commander in Chief of the Australian Forces during [[World War I]], is commemorated in a bronze equestrian statue created by Leslie William Bowles. It was unveiled by His Excellence the Governor-General of Australia, [[William McKell]] on November 12]], [[1950]].

</gallery>

*The '''[[King George V Memorial, Melbourne|King George V Memorial]]''' was created by William Leslie Bowles after a public meeting on 6 February 1937 decided to erect a memorial for the late King and launched a public appeal. Construction of the bronze, granite and sandstone sculpture was delayed by [[World War II|World War 2]] and was completed in 1951.

An interactive sculpture consisting of three bronze bells commemorates the life of '''[[Tilly Aston]]''', a blind [[List of disability rights activists|disability activist]] who founded the ''Victorian Association of Braille Writers'', and later went on to establish the ''Association for the Advancement of the Blind''. On the sculpture there is an embedded image of Tilly Aston with text in embossed lettering and in [[braille]]. The memorial was created by Anton Hasell in [[1999]].

* A plaque to commemorate '''[[Edward George Honey]]''', located on Birdwood Avenue. Honey was a Melbourne-born journalist who campaigned for, and was one of those instrumental in, the adoption of the [[Two-minute silence]] on [[Armistice Day]] to pause and reflect on those who have lost their lives in war.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://citycollection.melbourne.vic.gov.au/edward-george-honey-memorial/|website=City of Melbourne|title=Edward George Honey Memorial}}</ref>

*The '''[[Australian Turkish Friendship Memorial]]''' commissioned by the [[Returned and Services League of Australia|Victorian RSL]]'s Turkish Sub-branch honours WWI fallen soldiers and is a tribute to Australian-Turkish relations.<ref name="Masanauskas">{{cite news|last=Masanauskas|first=John|title=Sculpture featuring giant pine cone proposed for Melbourne park as Gallipoli commemoration|url=https://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/victoria/sculpture-featuring-giant-pine-cone-proposed-for-melbourne-park-as-gallipoli-commemoration/news-story/da4b4c0ae6d84c24cfe7d7e982c682f1|date=30 November 2019|access-date=5 January 2021|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="Rainforth">{{cite news|last=Rainforth|first=Dylan|title=Trentham sculptor Matthew Harding wins $300,000 Anzac commission|url=https://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/art-and-design/trentham-sculptor-matthew-harding-wins-300000-anzac-commission-20141111-11k8kn.html|newspaper=The Sydney Morning Herald|date=11 November 2014|access-date=5 January 2021|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="AusTurfrimem">{{cite web|url=http://citycollection.melbourne.vic.gov.au/australian-turkish-friendship-memorial-seeds-of-friendship/|title=Australian Turkish Friendship Memorial (Seeds of Friendship)|date=2017|publisher=City of Melbourne|access-date=5 January 2021}}</ref>

*Native Animals: Many native animals live in and visit King's Domain - Brush-tailed and Ring-tailed possums, Tawny Frogmouths, Magpies, Gould's wattled bats, Eastern Freetailed bats and Grey headed flying foxes, Native water rats (Rakali), Kookaburras and several varieties of waterbirds.

[[Image:Thomas Blamey statue Melbourne.jpg|thumb|150px|right|Statue of Sir [[Thomas Blamey]]]]

A memorial statue of '''Sir [[Thomas Blamey]]''' stands on the corner of Government House Drive and Linlithgow Avenue. It was sculptored from granite and bronze by Raymond B. Ewers and presented to the city in February 1960. It recognises Australia’s first Field Marshall and his inistence to the British command that Australian forces remain as cohesive units under Australian command.

'''South African War Memorial (Memorial to Fallen Soldiers)'''. A central obelisk with a lion on each of four corners is the memorial for the Australians who died in the South African War of 1899-1902 (Boer War) Sculptored by J. Hamilton and erected in [[1904]] with members of the 5th Victorian Contingent Victorian Mounted Rifles.

The '''Walker Fountain''' was donated by [[Ron Walker]], Lord Mayor of Melbourne in 1981. It is located on Linlithgow Avenue and consists of a small lake with hundreds of streams of water, including underwater lights.

[[Image:Edward Dunlop (statue in Melbourne Botantic Gardens).jpg|thumb|left|150px|Statue of "Weary" Dunlop]]

A statue of Sir '''[[Weary Dunlop|Edward "Weary" Dunlop]]''' is made from bronze, granite and metal spikes from the [[Burma-Thailand railway]] in 1995 by Peter Corlett. Weary Dunlop was known as a courageous leader and compassionate doctor, and showed great leadership whileserving as prisoner of war in Changi prison and on the [[Burma-Thailand railway]] during [[World War II|World War 2]]. On the steps leading to the sculpture are the names of other doctors who were also POWs at [[Changi]].

English Nurse '''[[Edith Cavell]]''' is remembered in Melbourne with a marble bust erected by public subscription. Cavell helped English and French prisoners escape from Belgium during [[World War 1]], and was tried by the Germans and executed on October 12, 1915. The bust was sculptored by Margaret Baskerville, and unveiled in [[1926]].

[[Image:Ac.linlithgow.jpg|thumb|150px|right|Statue of Lord Hopetoun, the Marquess of Linlithgow]]

On the corner of Linlithgow Avenue and St Kilda Road stands a bronze equestrian statue of '''Lord Hopetoun''', more properly called [[John Hope, 1st Marquess of Linlithgow]], also known as the first [[Governor-General of Australia]]. The statue is a result of a public subscription and was unveiled on [[June 15]], [[1911]], by his Excellency Sir [[John Fuller]], accompanied by Prime Minister, [[Billy Hughes]].

The '''King George V Memorial''' was created by William Leslie Bowle after a public meeting on [[February 6]], [[1937]] decided to erect a memorial for the late King and launched a public appeal. Construction of the bronze, granite and sandstone sculpture was delayed by [[World War II|World War 2]] and was completed in [[1951]].

==References==

{{reflist}}

* ''Victorian Heritage List'' Statement of Significance

* {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080726214214/http://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/info.cfm?top=25&pa=1273&pg=1291|title=Kings Domain Melbourne City Council webpage|date=26 July 2008}}

==External links==

* ''Victorian Heritage List'' Statement of Significance

{{Commons category|Kings Domain}}

* ''Kings Domain'' Melbourne City Council webpage[http://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/info.cfm?top=25&pa=1273&pg=1291]

*[http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/aboriginal-protest-order-makes-unhappy-campers/2006/04/11/1144521340650.html The Age story on the protest]

* [[n:2006 "Stolenwealth" Games to confront Commonwealth Games in Melbourne|Wikinews coverage of the protest]]

{{Parks in Melbourne}}

==External links==

{{Melbourne landmarks}}

*[http://www.accessibility.com.au/melbourne/garden/kings_dom.htm Disability information]

[[Category:MelbourneTourist attractions in Melbourne]]

[[Category:Parks in Melbourne]]

[[Category:Landmarks in Melbourne]]