Dynamic torque sensor: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 05:08, 19 July 2025

Revision as of 08:42, 19 July 2025

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These sensors are used where [[Control engineering|control]] and monitoring of torque are required, and they play a role in [[Safety|operational safety]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ahmed |first=Rocksana N. |last2=Akram |first2=Muhammad |last3=Iqbal |first3=Sajid |last4=Bilal |first4=Muhammad |title=Design and Analysis of Joint Torque Sensor for Safe Human-Robotic Collaboration |url=https://index.ieomsociety.org/index.cfm/article/view/ID/5340 |journal=4th European International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management |language=en |publisher=IEOM Society |volume=11 |doi=10.46254/EU04.20210030 |isbn=978-1-7923-6127-2}}</ref> They help determine the [[efficiency]] of mechanical components such as [[Synchronous motor|motors]], [[Drive shaft|drive shafts]], and rotating equipment.<ref name=":10" />

Dynamic torque sensor uses principles such as [[strain gauge]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Wang |first=Xuezhu |last2=Cui |first2=Long |last3=Li |first3=Hongyi |last4=Wang |first4=Yuechao |title=Development and optimization of the build-in torque sensor for harmonic drive |url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7419029/ |journal=2015 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Biomimetics (ROBIO) |pages=1774–1779 |doi=10.1109/ROBIO.2015.7419029}}</ref> technology, [[Inverse magnetostrictive effect|magnetoelastic effects]],<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Mateev |first=Valentin |last2=Marinova |first2=Iliana |title=Magnetic Elastomer Sensor for Dynamic Torque |url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9097051/ |journal=2019 19th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Fields in Mechatronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering (ISEF) |pages=1–2 |doi=10.1109/ISEF45929.2019.9097051}}</ref>, [[optical sensing]],<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Adwant |first=Mrs A. V. |last2=Singh |first2=Dr Manpreet |last3=Deshmukh |first3=Dr Suhas |last4=Singh |first4=Dr Vijay Kumar |date=2023-08-10 |title=Development Of An Optical Torque Sensor And Examining Torque-Vibration Correspondence |url=https://namibian-studies.com/index.php/JNS/article/view/3952 |journal=Journal of Namibian Studies : History Politics Culture |language=en |volume=35 |pages=2242–2254 |doi=10.59670/jns.v35i.3952 |issn=2197-5523}}</ref>, or [[Piezoelectricity|piezoelectric effects]].<ref name=":3">Hammond, J. M., & Lec, R. M. (1998, May). A non-contact piezoelectric torque sensor. In ''Proceedings of the 1998 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (Cat. No. 98CH36165)'' (pp. 715-723). IEEE.</ref>

Mechanical systems have diversified in design and operating conditions. Therefore, dynamic torque sensors are now applied in more sectors than before. This includes [[Automotive industry|automotive]],<ref name=":10">Brusamarello, V., Balbinot, A., Gertz, L. C., & Cerviéri, A. (2010, May). Dynamic torque measurement for automotive application. In ''2010 IEEE Instrumentation & Measurement Technology Conference Proceedings'' (pp. 1358-1362). IEEE.</ref>, [[Aerospace engineering|aerospace]],<ref name=":4">Lee, T. H., Low, T. S., Tseng, K. J., & Lim, H. K. (2004). An intelligent indirect dynamic torque sensor for permanent magnet brushless DC drives. ''IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics'', ''41''(2), 191-200.</ref>, [[renewable energy]],<ref name=":5">Kang, H. S., & Meneveau, C. (2010). Direct mechanical torque sensor for model wind turbines. ''Measurement Science and Technology'', ''21''(10), 105206.</ref><ref name=":6">Zhang, Z., Zhao, Y., Qiao, W., & Qu, L. (2015). A discrete-time direct torque control for direct-drive PMSG-based wind energy conversion systems. ''IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications'', ''51''(4), 3504-3514.</ref>, [[industrial automation]],<ref>Beck, J. (2021, April). Torque sensors for high volume production applications. In ''CTI SYMPOSIUM 2019: 18th International Congress and Expo 9-12 December 2019, Berlin, Germany'' (pp. 17-24). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg.</ref>, and [[robotics]].<ref>Palli, G. I. A. N. L. U. C. A., & Pirozzi, S. (2013). An optical torque sensor for robotic applications. ''International Journal of Optomechatronics'', ''7''(4), 263-282.</ref><ref name=":7">Tsetserukou, D., & Tachi, S. (2008). Torque sensors for robot joint control. ''Sensors, Focus on Tactile, Force and Stress Sensors'', 15-36.</ref><ref name=":8">Li, Z., Li, X., Lin, J., Pang, Y., Yang, D., Zhong, L., & Guo, J. (2023). Design and application of multidimensional force/torque sensors in surgical robots: A review. ''IEEE Sensors Journal'', ''23''(12), 12441-12454.</ref>. In these sectors, dynamic torque sensors are employed to monitor system efficiency and safety parameters.<ref name=":9" />

== Working principle ==

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== Applications ==

Dynamic torque sensors are used in various industries due to their precision and reliability. They are used in automotive industry where [[engine]] and [[Transmission (mechanical device)|transmission]] testing,<ref>Persson, O., & Persson, G. (2015). Torque Sensor for Automotive Applications. ''CODEN: LUTEDX/TEIE''.</ref>, [[vehicle dynamics]] analysis, and development of [[electric vehicle]] (EV) [[Drivetrain|drivetrains]] is done.<ref>Albers, A., Fischer, J., Behrendt, M., & Lieske, D. (2015). Methods for measuring, analyzing and predicting the dynamic torque of an electric drive used in an automotive drivetrain. ''SAE International Journal of Alternative Powertrains'', ''4''(2), 363-369.</ref>

They are further used in aerospace where [[Aircraft engine|aircraft engines]], [[Propeller|propellers]], and rotor systems are tested, ensuring safety of aerospace components.<ref name=":4" />