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Riga 1: [[File:Double Ratchet Algorithm.png\|miniatura\|289x289px]] Il '''protocollo Signal''', in [[Lingua inglese\|inglese]] ''Signal Protocol'', (precedentemente noto come '''protocollo TextSecure''') è un [[protocollo crittografico]] non federato che fornisce la [[crittografia end-to-end]] per i messaggi e le chiamate di [[messaggistica istantanea]]. Il protocollo è stato sviluppato da [[Open Whisper Systems]] nel 2013 ed è stato introdotto nell'app [[open source]] [[TextSecure]], che in seguito è stata rinominata [[Signal (software)\|Signal]].. Diverse applicazioni con [[Software proprietario\|codice proprietario]] hanno implementato questo protocollo, come [[WhatsApp]], che crittografa le conversazioni di "oltre un miliardo di persone in tutto il mondo"<ref>{{Cita web\|url=https://signal.org/blog/whatsapp-complete/\|titolo=WhatsApp's Signal Protocol integration is now complete\|sito=Signal\|accesso=5 aprile 2016}}</ref> o [[Google (azienda)\|Google]] che fornisce la crittografia end-to-end per impostazione predefinita a tutte le conversazioni [[Rich Communication Services\|RCS]] individuali tra gli utenti dell'app Google Messages.<ref name=":0">{{Cita web\|url=https://www.theverge.com/platform/amp/2020/11/19/21574451/android-rcs-encryption-message-end-to-end-beta\|titolo=Google is rolling out end-to-end encryption for RCS in Android Messages beta\|sito=The Verge\|accesso=28 novembre 2020\|urlarchivio=https://web.archive.org/web/20201119174803/https://www.theverge.com/platform/amp/2020/11/19/21574451/android-rcs-encryption-message-end-to-end-beta}}</ref> Anche [[Facebook Messenger]] offre il protocollo per le "Conversazioni segrete", così come [[Skype]] per le sue "Conversazioni private". Il protocollo combina l'algoritmo di [[Double Ratchet (algoritmo)\|Double Ratchet]], le prechiavi (le chiavi pubbliche effimere monouso che sono state caricate in anticipo su un server centrale) e un [[handshake]] [[Scambio di chiavi Diffie-Hellman\|Diffie–Hellman a tripla curva ellittica]] (3-DH),{{cita\|Unger, Dechand, Bonneau, Fahl\|241\|2015}} e utilizza [[Curve25519]], [[Advanced Encryption Standard\|AES-256]] e [[HMAC\|HMAC-SHA256]] come primitive crittografiche.<ref name="Frosch 2016">{{cita\|Frosch\|Mainka\|Bader\|Bergsma\|2016}}</ref> Riga 49: == Bibliografia == {{Cita rivista\|autore=Katriel Cohn-Gordon\|autore2=Cas Cremers\|autore3=Benijamin Dowling\|coautori=Garratt Luke, Stebila Douglas\|data=25 ottobre 2016\|titolo=A Formal Security Analysis of the Signal Messaging Protocol\|rivista=International Association for Cryptologic Research (IACR)\|accesso=27 ottobre 2016\|url=https://eprint.iacr.org/2016/1013\|urlarchivio=https://web.archive.org/web/20161228222451/http://eprint.iacr.org/2016/1013\|urlmorto=no}}▼ ▲ {{Cita rivista\|autore=Katriel Cohn-Gordon\|autore2=Cas Cremers\|autore3=Benijamin Dowling\|coautori=Garratt Luke, Stebila Douglas\|data=25 ottobre 2016\|titolo=A Formal Security Analysis of the Signal Messaging Protocol\|rivista=International Association for Cryptologic Research (IACR)\|accesso=27 ottobre 2016\|url=https://eprint.iacr.org/2016/1013\|urlarchivio=https://web.archive.org/web/20161228222451/http://eprint.iacr.org/2016/1013\|urlmorto=no}} ~~<nowiki>{{</nowiki>~~ * {{Cita libro\|nome=Ksenia\|cognome=Ermoshina\|nome2=Francesca\|cognome2=Musiani\|nome3=Harry\|cognome3=Halpin\|titolo=Internet Science\|collana=Lecture Notes in Computer Science\|data=settembre 2016\|editore=Springer\|città=Firenze\|pp=244-254\|volume=9934\|capitolo=End-to-End Encrypted Messaging Protocols: An Overview\|ISBN=978-3-319-45982-0\|DOI=10.1007/978-3-319-45982-0_22}} * {{Cita libro\|nome=Tilman\|cognome=Frosch\|nome2=Christian\|cognome2=Mainka\|nome3=Christoph\|cognome3=Bader\|etal=sì\|titolo=2016 IEEE European Symposium on Security and Privacy (EuroS&P)\|data=marzo 2016\|editore=IEEE\|città=Saarbrücken, Germania\|pp=457-472\|capitolo=How Secure is TextSecure?\|ISBN=978-1-5090-1752-2\|DOI=10.1109/EuroSP.2016.41}} * {{cite conference\|last1=Ermoshina\|first1=Ksenia\|last2=Musiani\|first2=Francesca\|last3=Halpin\|first3=Harry\|title=Internet Science\|editor=Bagnoli, Franco\|display-editors=etal\|pages=244–254\|chapter=End-to-End Encrypted Messaging Protocols: An Overview\|series=Lecture Notes in Computer Science\|book-title=Internet Science\|publisher=Springer\|___location=Florence, Italy\|conference=INSCI 2016\|doi=10.1007/978-3-319-45982-0_22\|isbn=978-3-319-45982-0\|date=September 2016\|volume=9934}} * {{Cita libro\|nome=Christoph\|cognome=Rottermanner\|nome2=Peter\|cognome2=Kieseberg\|nome3=Markus\|cognome3=Huber\|etal=sì\|titolo=Privacy and Data Protection in Smartphone Messengers\|url=https://www.sba-research.org/wp-content/uploads/publications/paper_drafthp.pdf\|accesso=16 aprile 2025\|data=dicembre 2015\|editore=ACM International Conference Proceedings Series\|opera=Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Information Integration and Web-based Applications & Services (iiWAS2015)\|ISBN=978-1-4503-3491-4}} * {{Cite conference\|last1=Frosch\|first1=Tilman\|last2=Mainka\|first2=Christian\|last3=Bader\|first3=Christoph\|last4=Bergsma\|first4=Florian\|last5=Schwenk\|first5=Jörg\|last6=Holz\|first6=Thorsten\|title=2016 IEEE European Symposium on Security and Privacy (EuroS&P)\|chapter=How Secure is TextSecure?\|conference=2016 IEEE European Symposium on Security and Privacy (EuroS&P)\|publisher=IEEE\|___location=Saarbrücken, Germany\|date=March 2016\|pages=457–472\|doi=10.1109/EuroSP.2016.41\|isbn=978-1-5090-1752-2\|citeseerx=10.1.1.689.6003}} * {{Cita libro\|nome=Nik\|cognome=Unger\|nome2=Sergej\|cognome2=Dechand\|nome3=Joseph\|cognome3=Bonneau\|etal=sì\|titolo=2015 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy\|accesso=16 aprile 2025\|anno=2015\|editore=IEEE Computer Society's Technical Committee on Security and Privacy\|pp=232–249\|opera=Proceedings of the 2015 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy\|capitolo=SoK: Secure Messaging\|url_capitolo=http://ieee-security.org/TC/SP2015/papers-archived/6949a232.pdf\|ISBN=978-1-4673-6949-7\|DOI=10.1109/SP.2015.22}} * {{Cite conference\|last1=Rottermanner\|first1=Christoph\|last2=Kieseberg\|first2=Peter\|last3=Huber\|first3=Markus\|last4=Schmiedecker\|first4=Martin\|last5=Schrittwieser\|first5=Sebastian\|title=Privacy and Data Protection in Smartphone Messengers\|url=https://www.sba-research.org/wp-content/uploads/publications/paper_drafthp.pdf\|conference=Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Information Integration and Web-based Applications & Services (iiWAS2015)\|publisher=ACM International Conference Proceedings Series\|isbn=978-1-4503-3491-4\|date=December 2015\|access-date=25 September 2016\|archive-date=27 March 2016\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160327011416/https://www.sba-research.org/wp-content/uploads/publications/paper_drafthp.pdf\|url-status=live}} * {{~~cite~~Cita ~~conference~~libro\|~~last1=Rösler\|first1~~nome=Paul\|~~last2~~cognome=~~Mainka~~Rösler\|~~first2~~nome2=Christian\|~~last3~~cognome2=~~Schwenk~~Mainka\|~~first3~~nome3=Jörg\|~~date~~cognome3=~~2017~~Schwenk\|~~title~~titolo=More is Less: On the End-to-End Security of Group Chats in Signal, WhatsApp, and Threema\|url=https://eprint.iacr.org/2017/713.pdf\|~~website~~accesso=~~Cryptology~~16 ~~ePrint~~aprile ~~Archive~~2025\|anno=2017\|~~publisher~~editore=International Association for Cryptologic Research (IACR)~~\|access-date=26 June 2019\|archive-date=3 February 2019\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190203132148/https://eprint.iacr.org/2017/713\|url-status=live~~}}▼ * {{cite conference\|first1=Nik\|last1=Unger\|first2=Sergej\|last2=Dechand\|first3=Joseph\|last3=Bonneau\|first4=Sascha\|last4=Fahl\|first5=Henning\|last5=Perl\|first6=Ian Avrum\|last6=Goldberg\|first7=Matthew\|last7=Smith\|title=2015 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy\|chapter=SoK: Secure Messaging\|publisher=IEEE Computer Society's Technical Committee on Security and Privacy\|conference=Proceedings of the 2015 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy\|year=2015\|pages=232–249\|doi=10.1109/SP.2015.22\|isbn=978-1-4673-6949-7\|chapter-url=http://ieee-security.org/TC/SP2015/papers-archived/6949a232.pdf\|access-date=23 September 2016\|archive-date=4 March 2016\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304002758/http://ieee-security.org/TC/SP2015/papers-archived/6949a232.pdf\|url-status=live}} ▲* {{cite conference\|last1=Rösler\|first1=Paul\|last2=Mainka\|first2=Christian\|last3=Schwenk\|first3=Jörg\|date=2017\|title=More is Less: On the End-to-End Security of Group Chats in Signal, WhatsApp, and Threema\|url=https://eprint.iacr.org/2017/713\|website=Cryptology ePrint Archive\|publisher=International Association for Cryptologic Research (IACR)\|access-date=26 June 2019\|archive-date=3 February 2019\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190203132148/https://eprint.iacr.org/2017/713\|url-status=live}} == Collegamenti esterni ==

Protocollo Signal: differenze tra le versioni