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La conoscenza storica riguardo alla Sogdiana risulta piuttosto lacunosa durante il periodo dell'[[Impero partico]] (247 a.C.–224 d.C.) in Persia.<ref name="dresden 1981 p5">{{cita libro | autore=Mark J. Dresden | anno=1981 | capitolo=Introductory Note | curatore=Guitty Azarpay | titolo=Sogdian Painting: the Pictorial Epic in Oriental Art | città=Berkeley, Los Angeles, Londea | editore=University of California Press | p=5 | isbn=0-520-03765-0}}</ref><ref name="dresden 2003 p1217">{{cita libro | autore=Mark J. Dresden | anno=2003 | capitolo=Sogdian Language and Literature | curatore=Ehsan Yarshater | titolo=The Cambridge History of Iran, Vol III: The Seleucid, Parthian, and Sasanian Periods | città=Cambridge | editore=Cambridge University Press | p=1217 | isbn=0-521-24699-7}}</ref> Il successivo [[Impero sasanide]] persiano conquistò e incorporò la Sogdiana come satrapia nel 260;<ref name="dresden 1981 p5"/> un'[[Res gestae divi Saporis|iscrizione risalente al regno di Sapore I]] menziona esplicitamente la «Sogdiana fino alle montagne di [[Tashkent]]» come parte dei suoi territori, specificando che tale regione costituiva il confine nord-orientale dell'Impero sasanide con quello dei [[Impero Kusana|Kushan]].<ref name="dresden 2003 p1217"/> Tuttavia, già dal V secolo l'area fu conquistata dal rivale [[Unni bianchi|Impero degli Eftaliti]].<ref name="dresden 1981 p5"/>
=== HephthaliteEpoca conquest of Sogdianaeftalita (479–557479-557 ADd.C.) ===
[[File:Sogdiana. Samarkand (Pre-Ikhshid), Hephthalite tamgha S2 on the reverse.jpg|thumb|LocalMonetazione coinagelocale ofdi [[SamarkandSamarcanda]], SogdiaSogdiana, withcon theil ''tamgha'' degli [[Hepthalite]]Unni [[tamghabianchi|Eftaliti]] [[File:Hephthalite_tamghaHephthalite tamgha.jpg|15px]] onsul the reverserovescio.<ref>{{sfncita|Alram|, 2008|loc=coin type 46}}.</ref>]]
TheGli [[HephthalitesUnni bianchi|Eftaliti]] conqueredconquistarono theil territoryterritorio ofdella Sogdiana, ande incorporatedlo itincorporarono intonel theirloro Empire,impero aroundintorno al 479 ADd.C., asanno thisin iscui thesi dateregistra ofl'ultima theambasceria lastindipendente knownconosciuta independentdei embassySogdiani ofin the Sogdians to ChinaCina.<ref name="CP" /><ref>{{sfncita|de la Vaissière|, 2003|pp=128–129. and note 35128-129}}.</ref>
TheGli HephthalitesEftaliti maypotrebbero haveaver builtcostruito majorgrandi fortifiedcittà fortificate di tipo [[HippodamianIppodamo|ippodameo]] cities (rectangularcon mura wallsrettangolari withe anuna orthogonalrete networkortogonale ofdi streetsstrade) in Sogdiana, such ascome [[BukharaBuchara]] ande [[PanjikentPanjakent|Pendžikent]], ascome theyavevano hadgià alsofatto ina [[Herat]], continuingproseguendo thel'opera city-buildingurbanistica effortsiniziata of thedai [[KidaritesKidariti]].<ref>{{sfncita|de la Vaissière|, 2003|pp=128–129 and. note 35128-129}}.</ref> TheGli HephthalitesEftaliti probablyprobabilmente ruledgovernavano overattraverso auna confederationconfederazione ofdi localgovernatori rulerso orsovrani governors,locali legati linkedda throughaccordi alliancedi agreementsalleanza. OneUno ofdi thesequesti vassalsvassalli maypotrebbe haveessere beenstato Asbar, rulersovrano ofdi [[Vardanzi]], whoche alsoconiava mintedanche hisuna ownpropria coinagemoneta duringdurante thequel periodperiodo.<ref>{{sfncita|Adylov| e Mirzaahmedov|, 2006|pp=34–36. 34-36}}</ref>
[[File:Varahsha, Relief of a hunter, 5th-7th century CE.jpg|thumb|left| ReliefRilievo ofdi aun huntercacciatore, [[ VarakhshaVarahša| VarahshaVarachša]], SogdiaSogdiana, 5th–7thV-VII centurysecolo CEd.C.]] ▼La ricchezza proveniente dai riscatti e tributi dei Sasanidi agli Eftaliti potrebbe essere stata reinvestita in Sogdiana, il che spiegherebbe la prosperità della regione a partire da quell'epoca.<ref>{{cita|de la Vaissière, 2003|pp. 128-129}}.</ref> La Sogdiana, situata al centro di una nuova [[Via della Seta]] tra la Cina, l'Impero sasanide e l'[[Impero bizantino]], divenne estremamente prospera sotto l'élite nomade eftalita.<ref>{{cita|de la Vaissière, 2012|pp. 144-160}} «La Sogdiana, sotto la guida delle sue élite nomadi, divenne il principale centro di ricchezza agricola e demografica dell'Asia centrale».</ref> Gli Eftaliti assunsero il ruolo di principali intermediari lungo la [[Via della Seta]], succedendo in questo ai [[Impero Kusana|Kushan]], e affidarono ai mercanti sogdiani locali il commercio della seta e di altri beni di lusso tra l'Impero cinese e quello sasanide.<ref name="JAM28">{{cita libro | autore=James A. Millward | titolo=The Silk Road: A Very Short Introduction | anno=2013 | editore=Oxford University Press US | isbn=978-0-19-978286-4 | p=28 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M0uMBi67IngC&pg=PA28}}</ref>
BecauseA ofcausa thedell'occupazione Hephthaliteeftalita occupation ofdella SogdiaSogdiana, thela originalmonetazione coinagelocale oforiginale Sogdiafu camesommersa toda beun floodedgrande byafflusso thedi influxmonete ofsasanidi, Sasanianricevute coinscome receivedtributo asdagli aEftaliti. tributeQuesta tomonetazione thesi Hephthalites.diffuse Thispoi coinagelungo then spread along thela [[ SilkVia Roaddella Seta]].<ref name="CP">{{ citecita journalpubblicazione | last1=Pei 裴 |first1autore=Chengguo 成国Pei | title titolo=The Silk Road and the economy of Gaochang: evidence on the Circulation of silver coins | journal rivista=Silk Road | date anno=2017 | volume=15 | page p=57 , note 5 | url=https://religiondocbox.com/74666854-Islam/Volume-contents.html}}</ref> TheIl symbolsimbolo ofdegli theEftaliti Hephthalitescompare appearsnella onmonetazione theresidua residual coinage ofdi [[ SamarkandSamarcanda]], probablyprobabilmente ascome arisultato consequencedel ofcontrollo theeftalita Hephthalite control ofsulla SogdiaSogdiana, ande becomesdiventa prominentprominente innella Sogdianmonetazione coinagesogdiana fromdal 500 toal 700 ADd.C., includinginclusa inquella thedei coinageloro ofsuccessori theirindigeni, indigenousgli successors the [[Ikhshid ]]s ( 642–755642-755 ADd.C.), endingfino with thealla [[ Muslimconquista conquestmusulmana ofdella Transoxiana]]. <ref>{{ sfncita|Rezakhani |, 2017|p =. [https://books.google.com/books?id=bjRWDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA138 138]}} .</ref><ref name="MF">{{ citecita journalpubblicazione | last1 autore= Michael Fedorov | first1=Michael |titletitolo=ON THE PORTRAITS OF THE SOGDIAN KINGS (IKHSHĪDS) OF SAMARQAND | journal rivista=Iran | date anno=2007 | volume=45 | page p=155 | doi=10.1080/05786967.2007.11864723 | jstor=25651416 | s2cid=194538468 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25651416 | issn=0578-6967}}</ref> ▼▲[[File:Varahsha, Relief of a hunter, 5th-7th century CE.jpg|thumb|left|Relief of a hunter, [[Varakhsha|Varahsha]], Sogdia, 5th–7th century CE.]]
The wealth of the Sasanian ransoms and tributes to the Hephthalites may have been reinvested in Sogdia, possibly explaining the prosperity of the region from that time.{{sfn|de la Vaissière|2003|pp=128–129 and note 35}} Sogdia, at the center of a new [[Silk Road]] between China to the Sasanian Empire and the [[Byzantine Empire]] became extremely prosperous under its nomadic elites.{{sfn|de la Vaissière|2012|pp=144–160|ps=. "Sogdiana under its nomadic elites became the principal center of agricultural wealth and population in Central Asia." and paragraph on "The Shift of the Trade Routes"}} The Hephthalites took on the role of major intermediary on the [[Silk Road]], after their great predecessor the [[Kushans]], and contracted local [[Sogdians]] to carry on the trade of silk and other luxury goods between the Chinese Empire and the Sasanian Empire.<ref name="JAM28">{{cite book |last1=Millward |first1=James A. |title=The Silk Road: A Very Short Introduction |date=2013 |publisher=Oxford University Press US |isbn=978-0-19-978286-4 |page=28 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M0uMBi67IngC&pg=PA28}}</ref>
▲Because of the Hephthalite occupation of Sogdia, the original coinage of Sogdia came to be flooded by the influx of Sasanian coins received as a tribute to the Hephthalites. This coinage then spread along the [[Silk Road]].<ref name="CP">{{cite journal |last1=Pei 裴 |first1=Chengguo 成国 |title=The Silk Road and the economy of Gaochang: evidence on the Circulation of silver coins |journal=Silk Road |date=2017 |volume=15 |page=57, note 5 |url=https://religiondocbox.com/74666854-Islam/Volume-contents.html}}</ref> The symbol of the Hephthalites appears on the residual coinage of [[Samarkand]], probably as a consequence of the Hephthalite control of Sogdia, and becomes prominent in Sogdian coinage from 500 to 700 AD, including in the coinage of their indigenous successors the [[Ikhshid]]s (642–755 AD), ending with the [[Muslim conquest of Transoxiana]].{{sfn|Rezakhani|2017|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=bjRWDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA138 138]}}<ref name="MF">{{cite journal |last1=Fedorov |first1=Michael |title=ON THE PORTRAITS OF THE SOGDIAN KINGS (IKHSHĪDS) OF SAMARQAND |journal=Iran |date=2007 |volume=45 |page=155 |doi=10.1080/05786967.2007.11864723 |jstor=25651416 |s2cid=194538468 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25651416 |issn=0578-6967}}</ref>
=== Turkic Khaganates (557–742 AD) ===
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