Scottsdale (O'odham Vaṣai S-vaṣonĭ) is a city in Maricopa County, Arizona, United States, adjacent to Phoenix. Scottsdale has become internationally recognized as a premiere and posh tourist destination, while maintaining its own identity and culture as "The West's Most Western Town." However, despite this motto, in the 1970s, most construction of new horse corrals was prohibited. What had, in the twentieth century been vacant desert, was converted to either urban and suburban environment. As of the 2000 census, the city is the 83rd largest city in the United States, with a population of 202,705. According to 2005 Census Bureau estimates, the population of the city is 226,013, moving Scottsdale in to the 80th position on the largest cities list.[1]
City of Scottsdale, Arizona | |
|---|---|
| Nickname: "City of Fashion" "The West's Most Western Town" | |
 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Arizona |
| Counties | Maricopa |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Mary Manross |
| Population (2006)[1] | |
• Total | 238,900 |
| Time zone | UTC-7 (MST (no daylight saving time)) |
| Website | http://www.scottsdaleaz.gov/ |
History
Scottsdale was originally inhabited by Hohokam. From circa 300 BC to 1400 AD, these ancient civilizations farmed the area and built some of the most ingenious irrigation canals the world has ever known. The name Hohokam translates as "vanished," as the civilizations mysteriously disappeared without a trace.
Before European settlement, Scottsdale was a Pima village known as Vaṣai Svaṣonĭ, meaning "rotting hay." Some Pima remained in their original homes well into the 20th century. For example, until the late 1960s, there was a still-occupied traditional dwelling on the southeast corner of Indian Bend Rd. and Scottsdale Rd. By now, however, all Pima have either moved into modern homes within Scottsdale (mainly in South Scottsdale), to the Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community, or elsewhere.
The Hohokam's truly unbelievable legacy was in their creation of more than 125 miles (200 km) of canals to provide water for their agricultural needs. The remnants of this ancient irrigation system were adapted and improved upon in 1868 by the first Anglo company to stake a claim in the Valley of the Sun, when Jack Swilling set up the Swilling Irrigation Canal Company.
Twenty years later Scottsdale's future would turn sharply upwards, when a U.S. Army Chaplain, Winfield Scott, paid the paltry sum of $2.50 an acre for a 640 acre stretch of land where the city is now located. Winfield's brother, George Washington Scott, was the first resident of the town that was then known as Orangedale and later changed to Scottsdale in 1894.
In 1937, internationally renowned architect Frank Lloyd Wright set up his "winter camp" at the foot of the McDowell Mountains, creating what is now known as Taliesin West. Scottsdale, and the rest of Phoenix, have seen an everlasting influence from Frank Lloyd Wright. Many buildings throughout the region were designed by the famous architect. Today, a Frank Lloyd Wright memorial stands in North Scottsdale and a major street bears his name.
During the 1950s through the 1970s, several large manufacturing companies in the Scottsdale and Tempe areas used the solvent trichloroethylene (TCE) in their manufacturing and operating processes.[2] In 1981, TCE began to show up in two Scottsdale drinking wells, and in 1983, the Indian Bend Wash superfund site was listed on the Environmental Protection Agency's National Priorities List.[2] Physical construction of cleanup systems was completed by 2006, with soil cleanup expected to be completed in five years and groundwater cleanup completed in 30 years.[2]
In 1951 the Town of Scottsdale was officially incorporated with a population of 2000. Since then it has grown to a 2004 Census estimate of 221,792. It is now Arizona's fifth-largest city, and one of its most celebrated. Scottsdale is commonly defined by its high quality of life, and in 1993 was named the, "Most Livable City," in the United States by the United States Conference of Mayors.[3] This title is notoriously lampooned across the state because of the high cost of living in Scottsdale. It is continually ranked as one of the premier golf and resort destinations in the world, with a sizable portion of tax revenue being derived from tourism. It is also home to the FBR Open Golf Tournament held at the Tournament Players Club, which carries the distinction of the best-attended event on the PGA Tour. In 2006, Scottsdale will begin hosting a second PGA Tour event, known as the Fry's Electronics Open. The city continues to see rapid growth, mainly in the northern areas of the city.
Geography
Scottsdale. Scottsdale is located at 33°35′27″N 111°53′46″W / 33.59083°N 111.89611°WInvalid arguments have been passed to the {{#coordinates:}} function (33.590709, -111.895985)Template:GR. The city is located in the Salt River Valley, or the, "Valley of the Sun," in the northern reaches of the Sonoran Desert. Immediately to the east and northeast of Scottsdale is the McDowell Mountain Range. Scottsdale borders the city of Phoenix to the west, Tempe to the south, Fountain Hills to the east, and Paradise Valley to the northwest.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 477.7 km² (184.4 mi²). 477.1 km² (184.2 mi²) of it is land and 0.6 km² (0.2 mi²) of it (0.12%) is water.
Climate
Scottsdale's climate is hot and arid. Winters are mild to moderate, and summers are hot. The lowest temperature ever recorded in the city is 19.0°F, on February 20, 1955, and the highest temperature ever recorded is 119.0°F, on June 26, 1970 and August 2, 1972.[4]
- See also: Phoenix (Climate)
Cityscape
The city is loosely divided into four areas: South Scottsdale (McKellips Road north to Chaparral Road), Old Town (Downtown) Scottsdale, Central Scottsdale (also known as the, "Shea Corridor"; extends from Chaparral Road north to Shea Boulevard), and North Scottsdale. The real estate market in Scottsdale is among the most expensive in the United States. In 2005, both Scottsdale and Paradise Valley were among the top ten markets in the nation for luxury home sales, and the only two cities outside of California. Paradise Valley was ranked ninth with $637 million in luxury home sales, while Scottsdale was ranked tenth with $594 million in luxury home sales.[5]
South Scottsdale has been known for many years as more or less the working class region of Scottsdale, although today it is transforming into a dynamic urban area. It contains the major nightlife for the area and is a major art center of metro Phoenix. The median resale home price is $291,500, compared to $667,450 in North Scottsdale.[6] South Scottsdale will also soon be home to a new research center for Arizona State University.[7]
Old Town Scottsdale is an area with many streets, stores, restaurants, bars, nightclubs, and western art galleries evoking the old cowboy era. New development is being built in the area. The Scottsdale Waterfront Residences will soon anchor the once desolate Arizona Canal banks, and no less than five new ultra-luxury condominium towers have been approved. There are over 20 hotels in the area, including The Mondrian Scottsdale (formerly The James Hotel), the Hotel Indigo, the Scottsdale Marriott Suites Old Town, and the Hotel Valley Ho. Two new hotels are also planned to open in Scottsdale's prime nightclub district, the W Scottsdale Hotel and Residences and the Ritz Carlton Paradise Valley.[8][9] Scottsdale's main cultural district is also in this area, which includes the high-end Scottsdale Fashion Square Mall, one of the twenty largest malls in the United States,[10] and the newly constructed Shops at the Waterfront, both of which offer eclectic variety for shoppers and diners.
The Shea Corridor, so named because it a region of north-central Scottsdale in close proximity to the east-west running Shea Boulevard, and is primarily a residential section of town, with suburban-style businesses and shops. Real estate in the Shea Corridor (Central Scottsdale) has increased during the 1990s, and overall, the Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale real estate market has seen the largest gain in home prices in the nation, with a 38.4% increase in value.[11]
North Scottsdale is currently the most actively developed area of Scottsdale, and is one of the most expansive and expensive areas in Scottsdale. The city's borders rapidly expand to the east and west in this area, containing the McDowell Mountain range. Homes in North Scottsdale see median values of $667,450.[6]
Demographics
| City of Scottsdale Population by year[12] | |
| 1930 | 1,047 |
| 1940 | 2,761 |
| 1960 | 2,032 |
| 1970 | 67,823 |
| 1980 | 88,622 |
| 1990 | 130,075 |
| 2000 | 202,705 |
| 2005 | 226,023 |
| 2006 | 238,900 |
As of the censusTemplate:GR of 2000, there were 202,705 people, 90,669 households, and 54,492 families residing in the city. The population density was 424.9/km² (1,100.4/mi²). There were 104,974 housing units at an average density of 220.0/km² (569.9/mi²). The racial makeup of the city was 92.19% White, 1.23% Black or African American, 0.61% Native American, 1.96% Asian, 0.08% Pacific Islander, 2.27% from other races, and 1.65% from two or more races. 6.96% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
There were 90,669 households out of which 22.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.6% were married couples living together, 7.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39.9% were non-families. 30.8% of all households were made up of individuals and 9.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.22 and the average family size was 2.79.
In the city the population was spread out with 19.3% under the age of 18, 6.6% from 18 to 24, 30.4% from 25 to 44, 26.9% from 45 to 64, and 16.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females there were 93.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.5 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $57,484, and the median income for a family was $73,846. Males had a median income of $51,204 versus $34,739 for females. The per capita income for the city was $39,158. About 3.4% of families and 5.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.4% of those under age 18 and 5.9% of those age 65 or over.
Economy
The tourism industry is Scottsdale's primary employer, accounting for 39% of the city's workforce. In 2005, 7.5 million visitors stayed in the city, providing an economic impact of $3.1 billion.[13] The city is home to more than 70 resorts and hotels, with four of them listed as AAA Five-Diamond hotels in 2005 (The Phoenician, Scottsdale Camelback Inn, Four Seasons Resort Scottsdale at Troon North, and the Fairmont Princess Resort and Spa).[14] Scottsdale also boasts the highest number of resort spas per capita of any city in the U.S, earning the city a national recognition as an ideal destination for relaxation.[15] The city's year-round warm weather is a great factor in its appeal, as many tourists from the midwest (known locally as "snowbirds") flood the community during the winter season, and many also purchase second homes in the area.[16]
Several popular restaurant chains are also headquartered in Scottsdale, including Cold Stone Creamery, Peter Piper Pizza, Kona Grill, and P.F. Chang's China Bistro. Movie theater chain Harkins Theatres is also based in Scottsdale.
The city is also home to several technology firms, such as Motorola Research and Development and Medical Operations, General Dynamics C4 Systems, Taser International, and internet company Go Daddy. Mayo Clinic also has one of its three major locations in Scottsdale, as well as a hospital.[17]
The aviation industry has also grown in Scottsdale, with the Scottsdale Airport, which opened in the 1960s. By 2004, the airpark area around the airport employed nearly 50,000 people, and housed 2,200 businesses with a combined economic impact of $3 billion annually.
Other companies based in Scottsdale include Allied Waste Industries (Fortune 500), ClubJenna, The Dial Corporation, Discount Tire Company and Fender Musical Instruments Corporation.
Arts and culture
Scottsdale is widely known for its affluent culture and high society. The city boasts many luxury restaurants, bars, nightclubs, golf courses, art galleries, and other cultural diversions. Many residents are often stereotyped as being somewhat arrogant, and some mockingly refer to the city by such nicknames as "Snottsdale" or "Snobsdale."[18][19] Scottsdale's affluent culture has been depicted by shows such as MTV's My Super Sweet 16, which filmed an episode in the area in 2006, and by the short-lived CBS reality show Tuesday Night Book Club.[20][18]
Annual cultural events and fairs
The West's Most Western Town prides itself in its rich Western cowboy history, preserving while heavily promoting its plethora of "western" activities and events. The renowned Scottsdale Arabian Horse Show has been a Scottsdale tradition since 1955. Today, the show attracts thousands of visitors and tourists, hoping to catch a glimpse of nearly 2000 purebred Arabian and Half-Arabian horses competing for various prizes and recognition. The show also features over 300 vendors and exhibitions, and over 25 demonstrations and shows.[21]
Perhaps the most famous present-day cowboy event is the Scottsdale Jaycees Parada del Sol, an annual month long event held in Scottsdale since 1954. Originally named The Sunshine Festival, the PRCA Rodeo was added in 1956. Cowboys and cowgirls from across the nation converge in Scottsdale to participate in this cultural and historical event. The event begins each year with the Parada del Sol Parade, the world's largest horse-drawn parade with over 150 entries in any given year.[22]
North Scottsdale hosts the Barrett-Jackson Auto Show, an auto enthusiast's and collector's auction, in January of every year. The show features many exotic automobiles, and attracts car enthusiasts from all over the world.
Museums and art galleries
Scottsdale is home to more than 125 art galleries,[23] The city has quickly become a center for art in the United States. Its galleries are most famous for western and Native American themed art.[24] The Scottsdale Gallery Association sponsors a weekly Art Walk on Thursday evenings, featuring many prominent artists.
Located in Old Town is Scottsdale's performing arts district. The Scottsdale Center for the Arts hosts musicals and plays, with several open-ended performances including the nationwide Menopause: The Musical and Arizona's longest running show, The Late Night Catechism.
Taliesin West, architect Frank Lloyd Wright's winter home and school from 1937 until 1959, is also a popular tourist attraction. Wright also designed the Gammage Auditorium in nearby Tempe.
Also in this district since 1971 is the Scottsdale Arts Festival. Held every March, the Festival draws more than 40,000 visitors over a three-day weekend. It is Scottsdale's oldest arts festival, with proceeds supporting the Scottsdale Center for the Performing Arts' arts education and community outreach programs. The Festival includes arts and fine crafts for sale, as well as presentations, performances and demonstrations.
Shopping & nightlife
Scottsdale is one of the premiere shopping destinations of the southwest, home to many upscale and high-end boutiques and shops, with many stores such as Tiffany's reporting their Scottsdale ___location as one of the highest sales per square foot in the nation. There are more than 15 shopping centers, including the more upscale Kierland Commons and Scottsdale Fashion Square.
Scottsdale continues to expand its plethora of shopping destinations with both the Scottsdale Waterfront and the northern Scottsdale Palisene.
Scottsdale is also home to a wide variety of nightclubs and bars. Along with nearby Phoenix and Tempe, the Phoenix Metro Area is one of the most happening places in the entire southwest.[25] The clubs in Scottsdale cater to a wide variety of patrons, some catering to the younger college crowd from nearby Scottsdale Community College and Arizona State University, while more upscale establishments are geared towards the 30 to 40+ crowds. While many patrons dress stylishly, there is no formal dress code, due to the hot climate.[25]
Sports and recreation
There are no major league professional team sports in Scottsdale. Many residents follow the teams in nearby Phoenix and Glendale. The city is the spring training home of the San Francisco Giants, who practice at Scottsdale Stadium.[26] Scottsdale Stadium also hosts the Scottsdale Scorpions, a minor league baseball team in the Arizona Fall League.
Scottsdale is widely known as a premiere destination in the United States for golf. The FBR Open Golf Tournament is held annually each spring at the Tournament Players Club, and the city is home to more than 200 area courses offering layouts that range from the rolling green fairways of traditional courses to desert golf designs. In 2006, the Robb Report cited Scottsdale as, "America's Best Place to Live for Golf."[27] The The Boulders Resort & Golden Spa and Four Seasons Resort Scottsdale at Troon North were selected in 2005 as the second and fourth best golf resorts in the nation by Travel & Leisure Golf Magazine.[28] Other notable golf courses in the area include Desert Mountain, Troon North, Grayhawk, and Desert Highlands.
Government
Scottsdale is governed by a mayor and city council, all of whom are elected "at large" to represent the entire city. A city manager is responsible for the executive leadership of the city staff, as well as implementing council policies, developing programs and budgets to respond to council goals, and ensuring that citizens receive effective and efficient city services. The city manager also serves as the city treasurer.
The current mayor is Mary Manross (term ends June 2008), and the current members of the city council are Betty Drake, Wayne Ecton, W.J. "Jim" Lane, Robert Littlefield, Ron McCullagh, and Tony Nelssen. The current city manager is Janet M. Dolan.
Transportation
Scottsdale is located along Arizona State Route 101, which provides access to nearby Phoenix, Tempe, Mesa, Chandler, and other cities in the metro area. The speed limit on Route 101, as well as on many city streets, has been enforced since February 2007 by photo radar.[29]
Commercial air travel is served primarily by Sky Harbor International Airport (IATA: PHX, ICAO: KPHX) in Phoenix. The city is also home to Scottsdale Municipal Airport (IATA: SDL, ICAO: KSDL), a single-runway airport with over 500 operations per day. While the airport serves some tour and commuter flights, the plurality of aircraft operations are transient general aviation traffic.
Education
Public education in Scottsdale is provided for primarily by the Scottsdale Unified School District. A minority of the outlying parts of town fall under other school districts in the Phoenix Metro Area, including the Cave Creek Unified School District, Paradise Valley Unified School District, Phoenix Union High School District, Tempe Union High School District, and the Balsz Elementary School District.
There are five major high schools in Scottsdale: Arcadia High School, Chaparral High School, Coronado High School, Desert Mountain High School, and Saguaro High School.
The primary institution of higher education in the city is Scottsdale Community College. Many students also commute to nearby Arizona State University in Tempe.
Scottsdale is also home of the International School of Arizona, a non-profit bilingual school that teaches children classes in a foreign language (French, Spanish or German).
In popular culture
- In the episode "Kill Gil: Vols. 1 & 2" of The Simpsons, the family re-visits Gil in a business in Scottsdale.
- In an episode of The Sopranos, Sal Bonpensiero mentions Scottsdale to FBI Agent Skip Lipari, praising its good golf conditions.
- In the movie Little Miss Sunshine, Richard, the father of the family played by Greg Kinnear, attempts to jump-start a self-help motivational business by meeting a business partner in Scottsdale.
- In "The Office (US)", Jan Levinson claims she visits her sister in Scottsdale.
- In "RV", Robin Williams encounters two teenage 'wiggers' from Scottsdale.
Sister cities
Scottsdale has four sister cities, as designated by Sister Cities International, Inc.:[30]
See also
References
- ^ a b "Annual Estimates of the Population for Incorporated Places over 100,000" (CSV). 2005 Population Estimates. U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division. June 21 2006.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|year=(help); Unknown parameter|accessmonthday=ignored (help); Unknown parameter|accessyear=ignored (|access-date=suggested) (help)CS1 maint: year (link) - ^ a b c "Indian Bend Wash: Construction Complete." United States Environmental Protection Agency. Page last updated on February 16, 2007. Retrieved on February 28, 2007.
- ^ "Scottsdale History." Scottsdale Convention & Visitors Bureau. Retrieved on June 1, 2006.
- ^ "Scottsdale Weather: Records & Averages." Yahoo! Retrieved on April 30, 2007.
- ^ Yantis, John. "State tops $1 billion in luxury home sales in 2005." East Valley Tribune. March 7, 2006.
- ^ a b Butler, Jay; Lambrakis, Christine. "Greater Phoenix August Resale Market Housing Price Increases Slow." Arizona State University. September 14, 2005. Retrieved on August 9, 2006.
- ^ "SkySong: Project Overview." skysongcenter.com. February 2007. Retrieved on April 29, 2007.
- ^ "W Hotels Continues Rapid Expansion with a New W Hotel and Residences in Scottsdale." Starwood Hotels (press release). July 8, 2004. Retrieved on August 9, 2006.
- ^ Corbett, Peter. "Ritz-Carlton plans PV hotel." Arizona Republic. June 22, 2006. Retrieved on August 9, 2006.
- ^ "Largest Shopping Malls in the United States (2004)." American Studies, Eastern Connecticut State University. December 17, 2005. Retrieved on August 9, 2006.
- ^ Christie, Les. "Real estate cools down." CNN (CNN Money). May 16, 2006. Retrieved on July 6, 2006.
- ^ Gibson, Campbell. "Population of the 100 Largest Cities and Other Urban Places in the United States: 1790 to 1990." United States Census Bureau. June, 1998. Retrieved on October 7 2006.
- ^ "Headline News." Downtown Scottsdale Bulletin. November 7, 2006. Retrieved on April 18, 2007.
- ^ Sardone, Susan B. "AAA Five-Diamond Hotels 2005 - AAA Hotel Listings." About.com. 2005. Retrieved on August 9, 2006.
- ^ Hogan, Shanna. "Scottsdale is tops in country for spas." East Valley Tribune. July 11, 2006. Retrieved on July 13, 2006.
- ^ Roxborough, Shannon. "Tourists often wind up buying second homes." northjersey.com. April 15, 2007. Retrieved on April 18, 2007.
- ^ "Mayo Clinic Scottsdale (website)." Retrieved on [[{April 29]], 2007.
- ^ a b Scharnberg, Kirsten. "A new sin city: `Snottsdale'." Chicago Tribune. July 4, 2006. Retrieved on July 6, 2006.
- ^ Nowicki, Dan. "'Snobsdale' in prime time." Arizona Republic. June 15, 2006. Retrieved on July 6, 2006.
- ^ Rose, Jaimee. "Welcome to Marissa's world." Arizona Republic. April 26, 2006. Retrieved on July 6, 2006.
- ^ Hedding, Judy. "Scottsdale Arabian Horse Show." About.com. Retrieved on August 9, 2006.
- ^ "Scottsdale Jaycees Parada del Sol - History." Scottsdale Jaycees. Retrieved on August 16, 2006.
- ^ "Listings of Scottsdale Art Galleries." Scottsdale Convention & Visitors Bureau. Retrieved on July 6, 2006.
- ^ Staff Writer. "Things to do in Phoenix." The Arizona Republic. June 7, 2006. Retrieved on December 7, 2006.
- ^ a b Staff Writer. "One Night Stand in Phoenix/Scottsdale." PubClub.com. Retrieved on July 6, 2006.
- ^ "Scottsdale Stadium." City of Scottsdale (website)]. Retrieved on April 18, 2007.
- ^ Bennett, Liam. "Scottsdale's Fantasy 18." Scottsdale Convention & Visitors Bureau. Retrieved on June 1, 2006.
- ^ Staff Writer. "2005 World's Best Golf Resorts." Travel + Leisure Golf. Retrieved on July 6, 2006.
- ^ "Scottsdale's Focus On Safety program and the Photo Enforcement 101 program." scottsdaleaz.gov. Retrieved on April 29, 2007.
- ^ Sister Cities information obtained from the Sister Cities International, Inc. (SCI)." Retrieved on June 1, 2006.
External links
