Cheng San Group Representation Constituency[a] was a Group Representation Constituency (GRC) in the north-eastern part of Singapore. It comprised the eastern section of Ang Mo Kio, Jalan Kayu, Seletar Hills, part of Serangoon North, much of Hougang and Buangkok as well as the entirety of both Sengkang and Punggol.
| Cheng San | |
|---|---|
| Former Group Representation constituency for the Parliament of Singapore | |
| Former constituency | |
| Created | 1988 |
| Abolished | 2001 |
| Seats | 5 |
| Member(s) | Constituency Abolished |
| Created from | Cheng San Single Member Constituency Chong Boon Single Member Constituency Jalan Kayu Constituency |
| Replaced by | Aljunied GRC Ang Mo Kio GRC Pasir Ris–Punggol GRC |
The constituency came into national prominence during the 1997 general election, which was the final contest before its abolition and redrawing for the 2001 general election. Its last Members of Parliament (MPs) were Lee Yock Suan, Heng Chiang Meng, Michael Lim Chun Leng, Zainul Abidin Bin Mohamed Rasheed, and Yeo Guat Kwang, all representing the People's Action Party (PAP).
History
edit1988: Establishment
editCheng San GRC was established in 1988, following the establishment of GRC and Single Member Consituency (SMC), by merging the Cheng San, Chong Boon and Jalan Kayu Constituencies.[2] The GRC was originally represented by three MPs. During the 1991 general election, it absorbed Punggol SMC and was expanded to a four-member GRC. In that election, the PAP secured 64.05 percent of the valid votes, while the National Solidarity Party (NSP) team received 35.95 percent.
1997: Hotly contested election
editDuring the 1997 general election, Cheng San GRC underwent boundary changes. Parts of the Chong Boon division, bounded by Ang Mo Kio Avenue 10, Ang Mo Kio Avenue 3, the Central Expressway and Ang Mo Kio Avenue 1, were absorbed into Ang Mo Kio GRC. At the same time, the Punggol division was split into three divisions: Punggol Central, Punggol East and Punggol South, reflecting the population growth in Hougang and Sengkang. As a result of these adjustments, Cheng San became a five-member GRC.
The constituency was hotly contested between the People's Action Party (PAP) and the Workers' Party (WP) in 1997. The PAP team was led by Lee Yock Suan, then Minister for Education, while the WP team was headed by its Secretary-General Joshua Benjamin Jeyaretnam alongside senior lawyer Tang Liang Hong.[3] The PAP campaign received heavy support from Prime Minister Goh Chok Tong, PAP's Secretary-General, and his two deputies, who all campaigned actively in Cheng San. Goh described himself as "a special candidate" of the constituency, declaring that his credibility and reputation as Prime Minister were "at stake" in the contest.[3]
The PAP campaign adopted a two-pronged approach. First, the party accused Tang of being "anti-Christian" and a "Chinese chauvinist", branding him a "dangerous man".[3] Second, Goh promised voters that returning PAP candidates would secure improvements such as new transport links through the MRT and LRT, housing projects like Punggol 21, and opportunities to upgrade HDB estates. The PAP stressed that constituencies which did not elect PAP candidates would not be prioritised for upgrading and risked "deteriorating into slums".[3] Meanwhile, the WP drew large crowds at its rallies in Cheng San, with an estimated 50,000 people attending its final rally at Yio Chu Kang Stadium on the eve of polling. However, reports of the turnout were downplayed in The Straits Times, leading to criticism of the newspaper's neutrality.[3]
Presence of PAP politicians at polling stations
editOn Polling Day, several senior PAP leaders, including Goh Chok Tong, Tony Tan and Lee Hsien Loong, were present within the precincts of polling stations in Cheng San GRC, despite not being candidates in the constituency. The WP argued that their presence contravened the Parliamentary Elections Act, which prohibits unauthorised persons from entering polling stations in order to prevent undue influence or intimidation of voters and staff. The WP candidates subsequently lodged police reports, citing alleged breaches of two sections of the Parliamentary Elections Act:[4]
- Section 82(1)(d): "No person shall wait outside any polling station on polling day, except for the purpose of gaining entry to the polling station to cast his vote".
- Section 82(1)(e): "No person shall loiter in any street or public place within a radius of 200 metres of any polling station on polling day."
Their complaints were however not prosecuted by the police, on the advice of the Attorney-General (AG) Chan Sek Keong.[5] Chan, in his letter to the Minister for Law, argued that the statute was "irrelevant" to individuals inside a polling station. This interpretation was unusual, as it meant that remaining inside the station was permissible, while being in the surrounding area within 200 metres of its external walls was considered an offence.[6] He further stated that "the possibility of a person inside a polling station influencing or intimidating voters in the presence of the presiding officer, polling officials and polling agents was regarded as so remote that it was discounted by the Act." This reasoning was also peculiar, as it implied that being inside the polling station posed no risk of undue influence, whereas merely standing within 200 metres outside could.[7]
The WP rebuked this interpretation, questioning whether the AG was suggesting that it was acceptable for people to enter and remain on the grounds of the polling station, while it was not permissible to stand outside the station.[8] The WP subsequently renewed its call for a neutral and multi-party election commission to safeguard fair play in the conduct of general elections.
Results
editThe PAP ultimately retained Cheng San GRC, receiving 54.82 percent of the valid votes compared with the WP's 45.18 percent.[9] As the WP team in Cheng San GRC were the "best losers" in an election with fewer than six elected opposition MPs, they were offered one seat as a Non-constituency Member of Parliament (NCMP). Jeyaretnam was selected by the WP to take the NCMP seat, which he accepted.[10]
Following the election, Tang was sued for defamation by various PAP ministers and subsequently fled to Australia. Jeyaretnam later lost his NCMP seat after being declared bankrupt in July 2001, as undischarged bankrupts are barred from serving in Parliament and standing in parliamentary elections. He died in 2008, while Tang has never returned to Singapore since the election.[11]
2001: Abolition
editAfter a hotly contested election in 1997, the GRC was split and subsumed into three GRCs prior to the 2001 general election.[12] The GRCs which absorbed Cheng San GRC were Ang Mo Kio GRC, Pasir Ris–Punggol GRC and Aljunied GRC due to redrawing of electoral districts by the Elections Department.[13]
Members of Parliament
edit| Election | Division | Members of Parliament | Party | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formation | ||||
| 1988 |
|
PAP | ||
| 1991 |
| |||
| 1997 |
|
| ||
| Abolished (2001) | ||||
Electoral results
editNote : Elections Department Singapore do not include rejected votes for calculation of candidate's vote share. Hence, the total of all candidates' vote share will be 100%.
Elections in 1980s
edit| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PAP | Sitaram Chandra Das Heng Chiang Meng Lee Yock Suan |
Unopposed | |||
| Registered electors | 56,352 | ||||
| PAP win (new seat) | |||||
Elections in 1990s
edit| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PAP | Sitaram Chandra Das Heng Chiang Meng Lee Yock Suan Michael Lim Chun Leng |
54,963 | 64.05 | N/A | |
| NSP | Pok Lee Chuen Chng Chin Siah Gertrude Magdeline De Gracias Chng Wee Hong |
30,849 | 35.95 | N/A | |
| Majority | 24,114 | 28.10 | N/A | ||
| Total valid votes | 85,812 | 96.77 | N/A | ||
| Rejected ballots | 2,864 | 3.23 | N/A | ||
| Turnout | 88,676 | 95.37 | N/A | ||
| Registered electors | 92,979 |  65.0
| |||
| PAP hold | Swing | N/A | |||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PAP | Lee Yock Suan Yeo Guat Kwang Zainul Abidin bin Mohamed Rasheed Heng Chiang Meng Michael Lim Chun Leng |
53,553 | 54.82 |  9.23
| |
| WP | Joshua Benjamin Jeyaretnam Tang Liang Hong Tan Bin Seng Huang Seow Kwang Abdul Rahim bin Osman |
44,132 | 45.18 | N/A | |
| Majority | 9,421 | 9.64 | 18.46
| ||
| Total valid votes | 97,685 | 98.18 | 1.41
| ||
| Rejected ballots | 1,812 | 1.82 | 1.41
| ||
| Turnout | 99,497 | 96.30 | N/A | ||
| Registered electors | 103,323 | 0.93
| |||
| PAP hold | Swing | 9.23
|
|||
Notes
editReferences
edit- ^ "Government Terms Translated". gov.sg. 15 July 2025. Archived from the original on 7 July 2025. Retrieved 15 July 2025.
- ^ "13 GRCs for next general election". The Straits Times. 15 June 1988. p. 1. Retrieved 13 March 2025 – via NewspaperSG.
- ^ a b c d e Li, Jinshan; Elklit, Jørgen (June 1999). "The Singapore general election 1997: campaigning strategy, results, and analysis". Electoral Studies. 18 (2): 199–216. doi:10.1016/S0261-3794(98)00027-4.
- ^ "WP lodges police complaint against ministers' presence". The Straits Times. 7 January 1997.
- ^ "Waiting, loitering in poll station not an offence: A-G". The Straits Times. 31 July 1997.
- ^ "Unauthorised persons inside polling stations: Attorney General's letter". www.singapore-window.org. 21 July 1997. Retrieved 15 August 2017.
- ^ "written opinion - Presence of Unauthorised Persons Inside Polling Stations, Appendix (Cols. 1417 - 1424)". sprs.parl.gov.sg. Archived from the original on 15 August 2017. Retrieved 15 August 2017.
- ^ "WP asks Public Prosecutor to explain stand on PAP men at polling station". The Straits Times. 15 July 1997. Archived from the original on 5 October 2012. Alt URL
- ^ "1997 PARLIAMENTARY GENERAL ELECTION RESULTS". Elections Department Singapore. Retrieved 18 November 2021.
- ^ "History of the Workers' Party: 1991 to 2000". Archived from the original on 6 February 2005. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
- ^ "Firebrand". The New Paper. 2 October 2008. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
- ^ Wee, Desmond (18 October 2001). "Why Cheng San is no more". The Straits Times.
- ^ "The Closest Fights". The Straits Times. Retrieved 15 August 2017.
- ^ "ELD | 1988 Parliamentary General Election Results". Elections Department Singapore. Retrieved 25 June 2025.
- ^ "ELD | 1991 Parliamentary General Election Results". Elections Department Singapore. Retrieved 25 June 2025.
- ^ "Singapore Parliamentary General Election 1991 > Cheng San GRC". sg-elections.com. Retrieved 25 June 2025.
- ^ "ELD | 1997 Parliamentary General Election Results". Elections Department Singapore. Retrieved 25 June 2025.
- ^ "Singapore Parliamentary General Election 1997 > Cheng San GRC". sg-elections.com. Retrieved 25 June 2025.