A Neobladder is a surgically-created urinary diversion used to create a way for the body to store and eliminate urine for patients who have had their urinary bladders removed as a result of bladder cancer.[1]. The neobladder is created using a section of the patient's small intestine and connected to their ureters and urethra[2][3]. This particular type of urinary diversion typically results in a continent reservoir, with urine collected, stored, and emptied via the usual processes, albeit with a newly-created organ and different musculature[4].

Formation

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There are various approaches to neobladder formation[5][6][7][8], but most involve isolation of part of the ileum that is then cut, folded, and formed into a sphere. The patients ureters and urethra are then connected to this new organ.

Advantages[9]

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Urine is collected from the ureters and stored internally. Urination most closely matches the normal process, occurring through the urethra at a time the patient chooses. There is no need to care for a stoma or to utilized an external collection device. The patient may experience an Improved quality of life[10] and improved post-operative sexual function[11].

Disadvantages[12][13]

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The surgery is more complex and longer. Urinary incontinence is normal following surgery and takes time to control. Nighttime continence may not be achievable. In some cases catheterization is necessary to completely empty the neobladder.

Notable neobladders

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In 2025, Deion Sanders revealed that he received a radical cystectomy and a neobladder following his bladder cancer diagnosis[14]

References

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  1. ^ Chang, DwayneT. S.; Lawrentschuk, Nathan (2015). "Orthotopic neobladder reconstruction". Urology Annals. 7 (1): 1–7. doi:10.4103/0974-7796.148553. ISSN 0974-7796. PMC 4310095. PMID 25657535.
  2. ^ Hautmann, R. E.; Egghart, G.; Frohneberg, D.; Miller, K. (January 1988). "The Ileal Neobladder". The Journal of Urology. 139 (1): 39–42. doi:10.1016/S0022-5347(17)42283-X. PMID 3336101.
  3. ^ HAUTMANN, RICHARD E. (March 2003). "Urinary Diversion: Ileal Conduit to Neobladder". The Journal of Urology. 169 (3): 834–842. doi:10.1097/01.ju.0000029010.97686.eb. PMID 12576795.
  4. ^ Barone, Biagio; Napolitano, Luigi; Reccia, Pasquale; Calace, Francesco Paolo; De Luca, Luigi; Olivetta, Michelangelo; Stizzo, Marco; Rubinacci, Andrea; Della Rosa, Giampiero; Lecce, Arturo; Romano, Lorenzo; Sciorio, Carmine; Spirito, Lorenzo; Mattiello, Gennaro; Vastarella, Maria Giovanna (2024-04-08). "Advances in Urinary Diversion: From Cutaneous Ureterostomy to Orthotopic Neobladder Reconstruction—A Comprehensive Review". Journal of Personalized Medicine. 14 (4): 392. doi:10.3390/jpm14040392. ISSN 2075-4426. PMC 11051023. PMID 38673019.
  5. ^ Barone, Biagio; Napolitano, Luigi; Reccia, Pasquale; Calace, Francesco Paolo; De Luca, Luigi; Olivetta, Michelangelo; Stizzo, Marco; Rubinacci, Andrea; Della Rosa, Giampiero; Lecce, Arturo; Romano, Lorenzo; Sciorio, Carmine; Spirito, Lorenzo; Mattiello, Gennaro; Vastarella, Maria Giovanna (2024-04-08). "Advances in Urinary Diversion: From Cutaneous Ureterostomy to Orthotopic Neobladder Reconstruction—A Comprehensive Review". Journal of Personalized Medicine. 14 (4): 392. doi:10.3390/jpm14040392. ISSN 2075-4426. PMC 11051023. PMID 38673019.
  6. ^ Gakis, Georgios; Stenzl, Arnulf (2010-12-01). "Ileal Neobladder and Its Variants". European Urology Supplements. Incorporating the EAU-EBU Update Series. 9 (10): 745–753. doi:10.1016/j.eursup.2010.10.001. ISSN 1569-9056.
  7. ^ Tan, Wei Shen; Lamb, Benjamin W.; Kelly, John D. (2016-03-03). "Evolution of the neobladder: A critical review of open and intracorporeal neobladder reconstruction techniques". Scandinavian Journal of Urology. 50 (2): 95–103. doi:10.3109/21681805.2016.1141318. ISSN 2168-1805. PMID 26882458.
  8. ^ Chang, DwayneT. S.; Lawrentschuk, Nathan (2015). "Orthotopic neobladder reconstruction". Urology Annals. 7 (1): 1–7. doi:10.4103/0974-7796.148553. ISSN 0974-7796. PMC 4310095. PMID 25657535.
  9. ^ "Neobladder: What Is It and Why Someone Might Need a Neobladder". Bladder Cancer Advocacy Network. Retrieved 2025-08-13.
  10. ^ Cicione, A.; De Nunzio, C.; Lombardo, R.; Trucchi, A.; Manno, S.; Lima, E.; Tubaro, A. (2020). "Complications and quality of life of ileal conduit, orthotopic neobladder and ureterocutaneostomy: systematic review of reports using the Clavien-Dindo Classification - Minerva Urologica e Nefrologica 2020 August;72(4):408-19". Minerva Urologica e Nefrologica = the Italian Journal of Urology and Nephrology. 72 (4): 408–419. doi:10.23736/s0393-2249.20.03641-3. PMID 32734749. Retrieved 2025-08-13.
  11. ^ Pronk, Claudia E.; Albers, Leonore F.; Kuijper, Lothar D. J.; Hendricksen, Kees; Nicolai, Melianthe P. J. (2023-10-03). "Sexual function after radical cystectomy in males with bladder carcinoma: a six-year longitudinal single-centre study". Frontiers in Urology. 3 1100516. doi:10.3389/fruro.2023.1100516. ISSN 2673-9828. PMC 12327249. PMID 40778018.
  12. ^ "What Is Urinary Diversion Surgery?". Cleveland Clinic. Archived from the original on 2025-06-19. Retrieved 2025-08-13.
  13. ^ "Neobladder reconstruction - Mayo Clinic". www.mayoclinic.org. Retrieved 2025-08-13.
  14. ^ Boden, Sarah (2025-08-02). "How surgeons build a new bladder for cancer patients like Deion Sanders". NPR. Retrieved 2025-08-13.