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Summary
| Description |
English: This PDF document depicts the tughras (i.e., calligraphic seals or signatures) of two Mamluk Sultans (Sha'aban ibn Hussein and Al-Nasir Muhammad ibn Qalawun) as well as those of 35 Ottoman Sultans. Osman I, the first Ottoman Sultan, is the only one whose tughra is not depicted since it has never been discovered.[1] |
| Date | The earliest tughras date back to the 14th century. The most recent ones were created and published in the first quarter of the 20th century. |
| Source | طغرا (PDF). sis.gov.eg. State Information Service. Archived from the original on 2011-12-16. Retrieved on 2025-05-16. |
| Author | Each tughra was created by a different calligrapher. |
| Permission (Reusing this file) |
This PDF document contains nothing but reproductions of tughras, all of which are in the public ___domain in the United States since they were published before 1923. |
Licensing
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This work is in the public ___domain in its country of origin and other countries and areas where the copyright term is the author's life plus 100 years or fewer. This work is in the public ___domain in the United States because it was published (or registered with the U.S. Copyright Office) before January 1, 1930. |
| This file has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. | |
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| Date/Time | Thumbnail | Dimensions | User | Comment | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| current | 02:18, 23 January 2009 |  | 972 × 1,214, 7 pages (5.41 MB) | BomBom | {{Information |Description={{en|1=This PDF documents depicts the tughras (i.e., calligraphic seals or signatures) of two Mamluk Sultans (Sha'aban ibn Hussein and Al-Nasir Muhammad ibn Qalawun as well as th |
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