List of extinct cycad genera

Numerous genera of extinct cycads are known, dating variously to geological periods from the Permian to the Cretaceous.^[1]

Alphabetical list

Amuriella Late Jurassic, Russian Far East (leaf fragments)
Androstrobus Triassic to Cretaceous, worldwide (leaf form genus)
Antarcticycas Middle Triassic, Antarctica (known from the whole plant)^[2]
?Anthrophyopsis Late Triassic, worldwide (leaf form genus, possibly a pteridospermatophyte)^[3]
Apoldia Triassic-Jurassic, Europe
Archaeocycas Early Permian, Texas (leaf with sporophylls)
Aricycas Late Triassic, Arizona (leaf form genus)
Beania (=Sphaereda), Triassic to Jurassic, Europe & Central Asia (leaf form genus)
Behuninia Late Jurassic, Colorado & Utah (fruiting structures)
Bucklandia Middle Jurassic to Early Cretaceous, Europe and India (leaf form genus)
Bureja Late Jurassic, Russia
Bjuvia Late Permian to Jurassic, Europe & North America^[4]
Cavamonocolpites Early Cretaceous, Brazil (pollen)
Crossozamia Early to Late Permian, China (leaf form genus)
Ctenis Mesozoic-Paleogene, Worldwide (leaf form genus)
Ctenozamites Triassic-Cretaceous, worldwide (leaf form genus)
Cycadenia Triassic, Pennsylvania (trunks)
Cycadinorachis Late Jurassic, India (rachis)
Fascisvarioxylon Late Jurassic, India (petrified wood)
Gymnovulites, Latest Cretaceous/earliest Paleocene, India (seed)
Heilungia, Late Jurassic to early Cretaceous, Russia & Alaska (leaf form genus)
Leptocycas Late Triassic, North Carolina & China (known from the whole plant)^[5]
Mesosingeria, Jurassic to Early Cretaceous, Antarctica & Argentina (leaf form genus)
Michelilloa, Late Triassic, Argentina (stem)
?Nikania, Early Cretaceous, Russia (leaf fragments)
?Nilssonia, Middle Permian to Late Cretaceous, worldwide (leaf form genus) (possibly not a cycad)^[6]
?Nilssoniocladus, Early to Late Cretaceous, United States & Russia (stems, likely associated with Nilssonia, possibly deciduous)^[7]
Palaeozamia, Middle Jurassic, England
Paracycas, Middle Jurassic to Late Jurassic, Europe and Central Asia
?Phasmatocycas, Late Carboniferous to Early Permian, Kansas, Texas & New Mexico (leaf with sporophylls)^[8]
Pleiotrichium, Late Cretaceous, Germany (leaf)
Pseudoctenis, Late Permian to Late Cretaceous, worldwide (leaf form genus)
Sarmatiella, Late Triassic, Ukraine
Stangerites, Late Triassic to Early Jurassic, Virginia and Mexico (leaf form genus)
Sueria, Early Cretaceous, Argentina (leaf)
Taeniopteris, Carboniferous to Cretaceous, worldwide (polyphyletic leaf form genus, also includes bennettitales and marattialean ferns)

References

^ "PBDB". paleobiodb.org. Retrieved 2024-03-16.
^ Hermsen, Elizabeth J.; Taylor, Edith L.; Taylor, Thomas N. (January 2009). "Morphology and ecology of the Antarcticycas plant". Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. 153 (1–2): 108–123. Bibcode:2009RPaPa.153..108H. doi:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2008.07.005.
^ Xu, Yuanyuan; Popa, Mihai Emilian; Zhang, Tingshan; Lu, Ning; Zeng, Jianli; Zhang, Xiaoqing; Li, Liqin; Wang, Yongdong (2021-09-01). "Re-appraisal of Anthrophyopsis (Gymnospermae): New material from China and global fossil records". Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. 292: 104475. Bibcode:2021RPaPa.29204475X. doi:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2021.104475.
^ Flores-Barragan, Miguel Angel; Velasco-de Leon, María Patricia (September 2021). "New records of Bjuvia and Nilssonia from the Permian of Mexico" (PDF). Palaeontologia Electronica.
^ Zhang, Jian-Wei; Yao, Jian-Xin; Chen, Jia-Rui; Li, Cheng-Sen (2010-05-25). "A new species of Leptocycas (Zamiaceae) from the Upper Triassic sediments of Liaoning Province, China". Journal of Systematics and Evolution. 48 (4): 286–301. Bibcode:2010JSyEv..48..286Z. doi:10.1111/j.1759-6831.2010.00079.x.
^ Vajda, Vivi; Pucetaite, Milda; McLoughlin, Stephen; Engdahl, Anders; Heimdal, Jimmy; Uvdal, Per (August 2017). "Molecular signatures of fossil leaves provide unexpected new evidence for extinct plant relationships". Nature Ecology & Evolution. 1 (8): 1093–1099. Bibcode:2017NatEE...1.1093V. doi:10.1038/s41559-017-0224-5. PMID 29046567. S2CID 3604369.
^ Spicer, Robert A.; Herman, Alexey B. (1996-05-01). "Nilssoniocladus in the Cretaceous Arctic: new species and biological insights". Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. 92 (3): 229–243. Bibcode:1996RPaPa..92..229S. doi:10.1016/0034-6667(95)00111-5.
^ Axsmith, Brian J.; Serbet, Rudolph; Krings, Michael; Taylor, Thomas N.; Taylor, Edith L.; Mamay, Sergius H. (2003). "The Enigmatic Paleozoic plants Spermopteris and Phasmatocycas reconsidered". American Journal of Botany. 90 (11): 1585–1595. Bibcode:2003AmJB...90.1585A. doi:10.3732/ajb.90.11.1585. PMID 21653333.

[PBDB-1] "PBDB". paleobiodb.org. Retrieved 2024-03-16.

[Hermsen_2009-2] Hermsen, Elizabeth J.; Taylor, Edith L.; Taylor, Thomas N. (January 2009). "Morphology and ecology of the Antarcticycas plant". Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. 153 (1–2): 108–123. Bibcode:2009RPaPa.153..108H. doi:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2008.07.005.

[Xu_Popa_2021-3] Xu, Yuanyuan; Popa, Mihai Emilian; Zhang, Tingshan; Lu, Ning; Zeng, Jianli; Zhang, Xiaoqing; Li, Liqin; Wang, Yongdong (2021-09-01). "Re-appraisal of Anthrophyopsis (Gymnospermae): New material from China and global fossil records". Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. 292: 104475. Bibcode:2021RPaPa.29204475X. doi:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2021.104475.

[4] Flores-Barragan, Miguel Angel; Velasco-de Leon, María Patricia (September 2021). "New records of Bjuvia and Nilssonia from the Permian of Mexico" (PDF). Palaeontologia Electronica.

[Zhang_Yao_2010-5] Zhang, Jian-Wei; Yao, Jian-Xin; Chen, Jia-Rui; Li, Cheng-Sen (2010-05-25). "A new species of Leptocycas (Zamiaceae) from the Upper Triassic sediments of Liaoning Province, China". Journal of Systematics and Evolution. 48 (4): 286–301. Bibcode:2010JSyEv..48..286Z. doi:10.1111/j.1759-6831.2010.00079.x.

[Vajda_Pucetaite_2017-6] Vajda, Vivi; Pucetaite, Milda; McLoughlin, Stephen; Engdahl, Anders; Heimdal, Jimmy; Uvdal, Per (August 2017). "Molecular signatures of fossil leaves provide unexpected new evidence for extinct plant relationships". Nature Ecology & Evolution. 1 (8): 1093–1099. Bibcode:2017NatEE...1.1093V. doi:10.1038/s41559-017-0224-5. PMID 29046567. S2CID 3604369.

[Spicer_Herman_1996-7] Spicer, Robert A.; Herman, Alexey B. (1996-05-01). "Nilssoniocladus in the Cretaceous Arctic: new species and biological insights". Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. 92 (3): 229–243. Bibcode:1996RPaPa..92..229S. doi:10.1016/0034-6667(95)00111-5.

[Axsmith_Serbet_2003-8] Axsmith, Brian J.; Serbet, Rudolph; Krings, Michael; Taylor, Thomas N.; Taylor, Edith L.; Mamay, Sergius H. (2003). "The Enigmatic Paleozoic plants Spermopteris and Phasmatocycas reconsidered". American Journal of Botany. 90 (11): 1585–1595. Bibcode:2003AmJB...90.1585A. doi:10.3732/ajb.90.11.1585. PMID 21653333.

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