Portal:Beer/Sandbox

The Beer Portal

Introduction

P:BeerP:Beer

Beer is an alcoholic beverage produced by the brewing and fermentation of starches from cereal grain—most commonly malted barley, although wheat, maize, rice, and oats are also used. The grain is mashed to convert starch in the grain to sugars, which dissolve in water to form wort. Fermentation of the wort by yeast produces ethanol and carbonation in the beer. Beer is one of the oldest and most widely consumed alcoholic drinks in the world, and one of the most popular of all drinks. Most modern beer is brewed with hops, which add bitterness and other flavours and act as a natural preservative and stabilising agent. Other flavouring agents, such as gruit, herbs, or fruits, may be included or used instead of hops. In commercial brewing, natural carbonation is often replaced with forced carbonation.

Beer is distributed in bottles and cans, and is commonly available on draught in pubs and bars. The brewing industry is a global business, consisting of several dominant multinational companies and many thousands of smaller producers ranging from brewpubs to regional breweries. The strength of modern beer is usually around 4% to 6% alcohol by volume (ABV).

Some of the earliest writings mention the production and distribution of beer: the Code of Hammurabi (1750 BC) included laws regulating it, while "The Hymn to Ninkasi", a prayer to the Mesopotamian goddess of beer, contains a recipe for it. Beer forms part of the culture of many nations and is associated with social traditions such as beer festivals, as well as activities like pub games. (Full article...)

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Image 1
Jugs of tap beer

Beer is the most popular alcoholic drink in New Zealand, accounting for 59% of available alcohol for sale in 2023, down from 65% in 2009. At around 61 litres per person per annum, New Zealand was ranked 27th in global beer consumption per capita in 2019. About 85% of beer available in New Zealand in 2023 was produced locally, and 15% was imported. The vast majority of beer produced in New Zealand is a type of lager, either pale or amber in colour, and typically 4–5% alcohol by volume.

Although the two largest breweries in New Zealand, Lion Nathan and DB Breweries, control almost 90% of sales by volume between them, there are over 200 smaller craft breweries and brewpubs producing a vast range of beer styles, including many ales. (Full article...)
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The seven of diamonds

In trick-taking card games such as bridge, the beer card is a name informally given to the seven of diamonds (7♦). Players may agree that if a player wins the last trick of a hand with the 7♦, their partner must buy them a beer. This is not considered as part of the rules of these games, but is an optional and informal side-bet between players. This practice likely originates from Danish Tarok or Skat in the middle of the 20th century. In most decks, the 7♦ is the only diamond number card that lacks rotational symmetry. (Full article...)
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The first hard soda was modeled after the beverage pictured here, root beer. According to Not Your Father's Root Beer, it is an ale that contains sarsaparilla, wintergreen, anise and vanilla.

Hard soda, also referred to as flavored beer, adult soda, fermented soda, mature soda and alcohol soda, is a type of alcoholic beverage and craft beer that is manufactured in the style of a soft drink. It has gained recent prominence in the United States after the success of the Not Your Father's Root Beer brand manufactured by Small Town Brewery. As of late May 2016, at least 39 hard soda brands exist in the United States. (Full article...)
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Bottle of Bitburger Winterbock

Bock (German: [bɔk] ) is a strong German beer, usually a dark lager. (Full article...)
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The beers of the Caribbean are unique to each island in the region, although many are variants of the same style. Each island generally brews its own unique pale lager, the occasional stout, and often a non-alcoholic malta beverage. Contract-brewing of international beers is also common, with Heineken Pilsener and Guinness Foreign Extra Stout being the most popular.
The beers vary between the islands to suit the taste and the brewing method used. (Full article...)
$Image 6 Ice beer is a beer that has undergone some degree of freezing during production. These beers generally have a higher alcohol content, and lower price relative to it. The process of "icing" beer involves lowering the temperature until ice crystals form. Since ethanol has a much lower freezing point (-114 °C; -173.2 °F) than water (0 °C; 32 °F), when the ice is removed the alcohol concentration of the beer increases. The process is known as fractional freezing or freeze distillation. (Full article...)$

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Ice beer is a beer that has undergone some degree of freezing during production. These beers generally have a higher alcohol content, and lower price relative to it.

The process of "icing" beer involves lowering the temperature until ice crystals form. Since ethanol has a much lower freezing point (-114 °C; -173.2 °F) than water (0 °C; 32 °F), when the ice is removed the alcohol concentration of the beer increases. The process is known as fractional freezing or freeze distillation. (Full article...)
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Köstritzer Schwarzbier
Schwarzbier (German: [ˈʃvaʁt͡sˌbiːɐ̯] lit. 'black beer') is a dark lager that originated in Germany. It has an opaque, black colour with hints of chocolate or coffee flavours, and is generally around 5% ABV. It is similar to stout in that it is made from roasted malt, which gives it its dark colour. (Full article...)
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Berliner Weisse (German: Berliner Weiße, pronounced [bɛʁˌliːnɐ ˈvaɪsə] ; "Berlin White") is a cloudy, sour ale of around 3.5% alcohol by volume. It is a regional variation of the wheat beer style from Northern Germany, dating back to at least the 16th century. It can be made from combinations of malted barley and wheat, with the stipulation that the malts are kilned at very low temperatures or even air-dried to minimise colour formation. The fermentation takes place with a mixture of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Brettanomyces) and lactic acid bacteria, a prerequisite that creates the lactic acid taste, a distinguishing feature of Berliner Weisse.

By the late 19th century, Berliner Weisse was the most popular alcoholic drink in Berlin, with up to fifty breweries producing it. By the late 20th century, there were only two breweries left in Berlin producing the beer. (Full article...)
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The Beer Party (German: die Bierpartei, BIER) is an Austrian political party. Founded in 2015, it was originally known as the Beer Party of Austria (Bierpartei Österreich) and used the corresponding abbreviation BPÖ until its renaming in 2020. The party's activity is confined to Vienna, where BIER first appeared on ballots in the 2019 Austrian legislative election and appeared again in the 2020 Viennese state election. As of 2020, it has been unable to amass the votes required for representation in the National Council, Federal Council, or the Landtage, claiming 0.6% of Viennese votes in 2019 and 1.8% in 2020. However, the party was able to win mandates in 11 of Vienna's districts. The party is organized purely at the federal level without state parties.

Since 2024 the abbreviation BIER is interpreted by the party as "Bin in einer Reformbewegung" ((I) Am In A Reform Movement) (Full article...)
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Beer mile competitors at the starting line

A beer mile is a 1-mile (1.6 km) drinking race combining running and speed drinking. Typically, the race takes place on a standard 400-metre or 1/4-mile running track. The race begins at the 1-mile starting line with the consumption of a 12-US-fluid-ounce (355 ml) beer, followed by a full lap around the track. The next three laps continue in a similar manner: another 12-ounce beer is consumed before commencing the running of each lap. Following the completion of the fourth running lap (and four beers), a competitor has finished the race.

In North America, 12 US ounces of beer are consumed from a can or bottle before every lap. A set of rules has been defined and published by BeerMile.com. (Full article...)
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Steam beer, also known as California common beer, is made by fermenting lager yeast at a higher than normal temperature.

Historically steam beer came from Bavaria, Germany, and is associated with San Francisco and the West Coast of the United States. It was an improvised process, originating out of necessity, and was considered a cheap, low-quality beer, as shown by references to it in literature of the 1890s and 1900s. (Full article...)
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A beer assortment sold in Bali, Indonesia; Carlsberg, Bali Hai, Bintang and Anker Beer.

The history of beer in Indonesia started in 1929, when the Heineken beer company established its first brewery factory in Surabaya, East Java, during Dutch colonial rule of Indonesia. This was one of the earliest beer enterprise in Southeast Asia. In July 1931 the Archipel Brouwerij Compagnie (Archipelago Brewery Co.) was formed in Batavia (now known as Jakarta), by German brewer, Beck's, constructing breweries in both Singapore and Batavia. By 1960s, Indonesians developed their own local brands of beer, which includes Bintang Beer (nationalized from Heineken) and Anker Beer. (Full article...)
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A thatched country pub, the Williams Arms, near Braunton, Devon, England

A pub (short for public house) is in several countries a drinking establishment licensed to serve alcoholic drinks for consumption on the premises. The term first appeared in England in the late 17th century, to differentiate private houses from those open to the public as alehouses, taverns and inns. Today, there is no strict definition, but the Campaign for Real Ale (CAMRA) states a pub has four characteristics:
1. is open to the public without membership or residency
2. serves draught beer or cider without requiring food be consumed
3. has at least one indoor area not laid out for meals
4. allows drinks to be bought at a bar (i.e., not only table service)
The history of pubs can be traced to taverns in Roman Britain, and through Anglo-Saxon alehouses, but it was not until the early 19th century that pubs, as they are today, first began to appear. The model also became popular in countries and regions of British influence, where pubs are often still considered to be an important aspect of their culture. In many places, especially in villages, pubs are the focal point of local communities. In his 17th-century diary, Samuel Pepys described the pub as "the heart of England". Pubs have been established in other countries in modern times. (Full article...)
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A filtered lager beer

Filtered beer refers to any ale, lager, or fermented malt beverage in which the sediment left over from the brewing process has been removed. Ancient techniques included the use of straw mats, cloth, or straws, and frequently left some sediment in the drink. Modern filtration, introduced at the end of the 19th century, uses a mechanical process that can remove all sediment, including yeast, as well as natural carbonation, from the beer. Such beer is known as bright beer and requires force carbonation before bottling or serving from a keg. In the United Kingdom, a beer which has been filtered in the brewery is known as "brewery-conditioned", as opposed to unfiltered bottle-conditioned and cask ales. (Full article...)
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Augustiner Weißbier, a naturally cloudy Bavarian wheat beer

Wheat beer is a top-fermented beer which is brewed with a large proportion of wheat relative to the amount of malted barley. The two main varieties are German Weizenbier and Belgian witbier; other types include Lambic (made with wild yeast), Berliner Weisse (a cloudy, sour beer), and Gose (a sour, salty beer). (Full article...)

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Rolling Rock is a 4.4% abv American lager launched in 1939 by the Latrobe Brewing Company. Although founded as a local beer in Western Pennsylvania, it was marketed aggressively and eventually became a national product. The brand was sold to Anheuser-Busch of St. Louis, in mid-2006, which transferred brewing operations to New Jersey while continuing to label the new beer prominently with the name of Latrobe. (Full article...)

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Apiwe Nxusani-Mawela (b 1984) is a South African brewmaster. Nxusani-Mawela is the first person from South Africa to earn a National Diploma in clear fermented beverages. She is also the first black woman in South Africa to found a microbrewery. Her company, Brewsters Craft, introduces students to the science of beer making through training and provides professional breweries a service through beer quality testing. She helped organize International Women's Collaboration Brew Day (IWCBD) events in South Africa. (Full article...)

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... that the Grain Belt Brewery was built with four distinct architectural sections, in homage to the four companies that combined to form it?
... that Fred G. Sullivan's film The Beer-Drinker's Guide to Fitness and Filmmaking depicts Sullivan being humiliated with mud and whips for the failings of his previous film?
... that John P. Metras held all-night recruitment parties including a bathtub full of ice and beer?
... that weightlifter Wu Tsai-fu drank six huge glasses of beer to help himself urinate for a drug test?
... that Ein Samiya, which provides the water for Taybeh, the first beer brewed in Palestine, was depopulated in 2023 after harassment by neighboring Israeli settlers?
... that Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority general manager Phillip Eng brews his own beer?

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General images

The following are images from various beer- and brewing-related articles on Wikipedia.

Image 1World beer consumption per capita (from History of beer)
Image 2Hop cone grown in a hop field, Hallertau, Germany (from Brewing)
Image 3The Caledonian Brewery, founded in 1869, Edinburgh, Scotland (from History of beer)
Image 4Cask ales with gravity dispense at a beer festival (from Brewing)
Image 5Irish Craft Beer Festival, 2015 (from Craft beer)
Image 6Pasteur Street Brewing, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam (from Craft beer)
Image 7A mash tun at the Bass Museum in Burton-upon-Trent (from Brewing)
Image 8Brew kettles at Brasserie La Choulette in France (from Brewing)
Image 9Modern closed fermentation vessels (from Brewing)
Image 10Casks of real ale from British microbreweries at a beer festival (from Craft beer)
Image 11A beer sommelier tapping a barrel for a taste at Nebraska Brewing Company (from Craft beer)
Image 12Dogo Beer from Minakuchi-shuzō microbrewery in Matsuyama, Japan (from Craft beer)
Image 13Smoked beer from the Schlenkerla brewpub in Bamberg, Germany (from Craft beer)
Image 14Bottling beer in a modern facility, 1945, Australia (from History of beer)
Image 15Lauter tun (from Brewing)
Image 16Bill Urquhart at Litchborough Brewery (from Craft beer)
Image 17Castaña, a smoked beer with chestnuts from Cerex in Extremadura, Spain (from Craft beer)
Image 18A yard of ale at Jolly Brewery, Taiwan (from Craft beer)
Image 19Spontaneous fermentation at Timmermans in Belgium (from Brewing)
Image 20Microbreweries, regional breweries, and brew pubs per capita (from Craft beer)
Image 21Malted barley before kilning or roasting (from Brewing)
Image 22Great Leap Brewing operates a chain of brewpubs in China. (from Craft beer)
Image 23Zoigl beers from the communal brewhouses of Oberpfalz in Germany (from Craft beer)
Image 24Põhjala Brewery, Estonia (from Craft beer)
Image 25Conditioning tanks at Anchor Brewing Company (from Brewing)
Image 26A funerary model of a bakery and brewery, from the Eleventh dynasty of Egypt, c. 2009–1998 BCE (from History of beer)
Image 27Bergenhus microbrewery, Bergen, Norway (from Craft beer)
Image 28Diatomaceous earth, used to create a filtration bed (from Brewing)
Image 29Philistine pottery beer jug (from History of beer)
Image 30Rock mortars in Raqefet Cave, used to make beer during the Stone Age. (from History of beer)
Image 31D. G. Yuengling & Son is the oldest operating brewing company in the US, established in 1829. It is also the largest craft brewer and the 6th largest brewing company. (from Craft beer)
Image 32Robohop, a session IPA from Cervisiam in Oslo, Norway (from Craft beer)
Image 33A can of Juicy Ass IPA from Flying Monkeys Craft Brewery in Barrie, Ontario, Canada (from Craft beer)
Image 34Gambrinus – king of beer (from History of beer)
Image 35A 16th-century brewery (from Brewing)
Image 36Mexican craft beer from Tequixquiac in Zumpango Region (from Craft beer)
Image 37A hydrometer measures beer's specific gravity (from History of beer)
Image 38A 16th-century brewery (from History of beer)
Image 39A selection of French craft beers (from Craft beer)
Image 40Craft brewing at Allagash in Portland, Maine (from Craft beer)
Image 41The Alulu beer receipt records a purchase of "best" beer from a brewer, c. 2050 BC, from the Sumerian city of Umma in Mesopotamia (ancient Iraq). (from Brewing)
Image 42A growler of beer from Flounder Brewing, a nanobrewery in New Jersey, US (from Craft beer)
Image 43Open vessels showing fermentation taking place (from Brewing)
Image 44A replica of ancient Egyptian beer, brewed from emmer wheat by the Courage brewery in 1996 (from History of beer)
Image 45Spent grain, a brewing by-product (from Brewing)
Image 46Alulu beer receipt recording a purchase of "best" beer from a brewer, c. 2050 BCE, from the Sumerian city of Umma in ancient Iraq. (from History of beer)
Image 47Traditional fermenting building (center) and modern fermenting building (left) in Pilsner Urquell Brewery (Czech Republic) (from History of beer)
Image 48Steamworks Brewing, Vancouver (from Craft beer)