Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/frumjaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *fram (“from”), from Proto-Indo-European *pr-, *pro-, *perəm-, *prom- (“forth, forward”), from *por- (“forward, through”), *per-, with suffix *-janą.^[1][2][3] More at English furnish, from.

Verb

*frumjaną

1. to perform, promote
2. to accomplish

Inflection

Conjugation of *frumjaną (weak class 1)

	active voice				passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative		indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*frumjō	*frumjaų	—		*frumjai	?
2nd singular	*frumisi	*frumjais	*frumi		*frumjasai	*frumjaisau
3rd singular	*frumiþi	*frumjai	*frumjaþau		*frumjaþai	*frumjaiþau
1st dual	*frumjōs	*frumjaiw	—		—	—
2nd dual	*frumjaþiz	*frumjaiþiz	*frumjaþiz		—	—
1st plural	*frumjamaz	*frumjaim	—		*frumjanþai	*frumjainþau
2nd plural	*frumiþ	*frumjaiþ	*frumiþ		*frumjanþai	*frumjainþau
3rd plural	*frumjanþi	*frumjain	*frumjanþau		*frumjanþai	*frumjainþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*frumidǭ	*frumidēdį̄
2nd singular	*frumidēz	*frumidēdīz
3rd singular	*frumidē	*frumidēdī
1st dual	*frumidēdū	*frumidēdīw
2nd dual	*frumidēdudiz	*frumidēdīdiz
1st plural	*frumidēdum	*frumidēdīm
2nd plural	*frumidēdud	*frumidēdīd
3rd plural	*frumidēdun	*frumidēdīn
	present	past
participles	*frumjandz	*frumidaz

Synonyms

• *framjaną

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *frummjan
  • Old Saxon: frummian
    • Middle Low German: vromen
  • Old High German: frummen
    • Middle High German: vrümen, vrumen, vromen
      • German: frommen
  • → Catalan: fornir
  • → Old French: fornir, furnir; /parfornir, parfurnir
    • French: fournir
      • → German: furnieren
    • → Middle English: furnysshen; performen, parfournen
      • English: furnish; perform
  • → Italian: fornire
  • → Piedmontese: fornì
• Gothic: *𐍆𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌾𐌰𐌽 (*frumjan)
  • → Vulgar Latin: frummiare

References

1. ^ “Proto-Germanic/frumjaną”, in The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 5th edition, Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2016, →ISBN.
2. ^ Roberts, Edward A. (2014), A Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the Spanish Language with Families of Words based on Indo-European Roots, Xlibris Corporation, →ISBN
3. ^ James A. H. Murray et al., editors (1884–1928), “Proto-Germanic/frumjaną”, in A New English Dictionary on Historical Principles (Oxford English Dictionary), London: Clarendon Press, →OCLC.