Wikipedia

Solar eclipse of January 15, 2010

An annular solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's ascending node of orbit on Friday, January 15, 2010,[1][2][3] with a magnitude of 0.919. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. An annular solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is smaller than the Sun's, blocking most of the Sun's light and causing the Sun to look like an annulus (ring). An annular eclipse appears as a partial eclipse over a region of the Earth thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring about 1.75 days before apogee (on January 17, 2010, at 1:40 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was smaller.[4]

Solar eclipse of January 15, 2010
Annular eclipse
Annularity from Jinan, China
Map
Gamma0.4002
Magnitude0.919
Maximum eclipse
Duration668 s (11 min 8 s)
Coordinates1°36′N 69°18′E / 1.6°N 69.3°E / 1.6; 69.3
Max. width of band333 km (207 mi)
Times (UTC)
(P1) Partial begin4:05:28
(U1) Total begin5:13:55
Greatest eclipse7:07:39
(U4) Total end8:59:04
(P4) Partial end10:07:35
References
Saros141 (23 of 70)
Catalog # (SE5000)9529

This was the longest annular solar eclipse of the millennium,[5] and the longest until December 23, 3043, with the length of maximum eclipse of 11 minutes, 7.8 seconds, and the longest duration of 11 minutes, 10.7 seconds.[6] This is about 4 minutes longer than total solar eclipses could ever get. (The solar eclipse of January 4, 1992, was longer, at 11 minutes, 40.9 seconds, occurring in the middle of the Pacific Ocean.)[7]

It was seen as an annular eclipse within a narrow stretch of 300 km (190 mi) width across the Central African Republic, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, the Maldives, South Kerala (India), South Tamil Nadu (India), Sri Lanka and parts of Bangladesh, Burma and China. The eclipse was visible as only a partial eclipse in much of Africa, Southeastern Europe, the Middle East and Asia.

Visibility

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Animation of path

The eclipse started in the Central African Republic near the border with Chad, traversed DR Congo, Uganda, Kenya, passed through the northern tip of Tanzania, southwestern Somalia and three islands of Seychelles (Bird, Denis and Aride), before it entered the Indian Ocean, where it reached its greatest visibility. It then passed through Maldives. The annular eclipse at Malé, the capital city of the country, started at 12:20:17 and ended at 12:31:02 local time (UTC+5), lasting for 10 minutes and 45 seconds (645 seconds). This was also the longest duration of any eclipse with an international airport in its track.[8]

At approximately 13:20 IST, the annular solar eclipse entered India at Thiruvananthapuram (Trivandrum), the capital of Kerala and exited India at Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu.

The eclipse was viewable for 10 minutes in India. After Rameswaram, it entered Sri Lanka at Delft Island, exited at Jaffna in Sri Lanka, crossed the Bay of Bengal and re-entered India in Mizoram.

 
Photographic equipment may allow the planet Venus to be shown about 1.5 degrees west and south of the annular ring of the sun.

Thiruvananthapuram, which was the entry point of the eclipse in India, was equipped with telescopes and announced facilities for the public to view the eclipse.[9] Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, situated in Trivandrum, analysed the atmospheric-ionospheric parameters during the eclipse.[10] Many scientists camped in the city to witness and study the eclipse.[11]

At Rameswaram, the sunrise was not visible due to thick clouds, but it started getting clear at around 9 am local time and became almost totally clear by the time the eclipse began. The sky had a thin layer of cirrus clouds till 2:30 pm. Among the eclipse-watchers was Sky Watchers' Association of North Bengal (SWAN) from Siliguri at the foothills of West Bengal and Tamil Nadu Astronomical Association.

Dhanushkodi, which falls on the central line of the eclipse, was a good place to view the eclipse. The northernmost limit of shadow in India was Cuddalore, Neyveli, Erode, Kodaikanal, and Madurai. Other prime viewing locations in Tamil Nadu include Thoothukudi and Cape Comorin, 22 km north of the center line. The exact ___location of the line is between the NH end and the Dhanushkodi ruins. Dhanushkodi is about 2 km east of the central line. The degree difference is about 0.2 between the central line – with Kodandaramar Temple and Dhanushkodi ruins vice versa. Dhanushkodi is about 5 km from the Kodandaramar Temple.

After South Asia, the antumbra passed through the southern tip of Bangladesh, Myanmar and China before leaving the Earth.

Eclipse timing

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Places experiencing annular eclipse

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Solar Eclipse of January 15, 2010
(Local Times)
Country or territory City or place Start of partial eclipse Start of annular eclipse Maximum eclipse End of annular eclipse End of partial eclipse Duration of annularity (min:s) Duration of eclipse (hr:min) Maximum coverage
  Central African Republic Bimbo 05:58:41 (sunrise) 06:15:48 06:17:05 06:18:20 07:39:13 2:32 1:41 82.39%
  Central African Republic Bangui 05:58:14 (sunrise) 06:15:12 06:17:10 06:19:07 07:39:30 3:55 1:41 82.39%
  Central African Republic Bozoum 06:09:58 (sunrise) 06:13:55 06:17:25 06:20:56 07:37:55 7:01 1:28 82.27%
  Central African Republic Bambari 05:51:56 (sunrise) 06:15:06 06:18:29 06:21:52 07:43:16 6:46 1:51 82.47%
  Central African Republic Kaga-Bandoro 05:59:50 (sunrise) 06:16:12 06:18:30 06:20:48 07:41:49 4:36 1:42 82.39%
  Chad Moundou 06:14:44 (sunrise) 06:17:36 06:18:39 06:19:16 07:38:50 1:40 1:24 82.23%
  Uganda Entebbe 07:05:42 08:21:21 08:24:47 08:28:12 10:03:42 6:51 2:58 83.11%
  Uganda Kampala 07:05:46 08:21:11 08:25:00 08:28:48 10:04:11 7:37 2:58 83.11%
  Uganda Lira 07:06:23 08:23:54 08:26:06 08:28:15 10:06:10 4:21 3:00 83.10%
  Uganda Mbale 07:06:16 08:23:16 08:27:06 08:30:56 10:08:55 7:40 3:03 83.18%
  Kenya Kisumu 07:06:07 08:23:18 08:27:22 08:31:26 10:09:46 8:08 3:04 83.22%
  Kenya Nakuru 07:06:26 08:24:49 08:29:00 08:33:12 10:13:26 8:23 3:07 83.29%
  Kenya Nairobi 07:06:30 08:26:15 08:29:40 08:33:06 10:14:55 6:51 3:08 83.34%
  Kenya Garissa 07:07:52 08:30:12 08:34:17 08:38:23 10:24:28 8:11 3:17 83.48%
  Somalia Kismayo 07:09:38 08:36:55 08:39:32 08:42:08 10:34:32 5:13 3:25 83.63%
  Maldives Malé 10:15:22 12:20:25 12:25:47 12:31:08 14:23:19 10:43 4:08 84.55%
  India Thiruvananthapuram 11:04:54 13:10:41 13:14:19 13:17:57 15:05:27 7:16 4:01 84.42%
  India Madurai 11:11:43 13:18:24 13:20:02 13:21:41 15:08:58 3:17 3:57 84.36%
  Sri Lanka Jaffna 11:17:42 13:19:35 13:24:40 13:29:43 15:11:20 10:08 3:54 84.33%
  India Mayiladuthurai 11:19:19 13:23:34 13:26:04 13:28:33 15:12:29 4:59 3:53 84.29%
  Myanmar Mandalay 13:25:27 15:04:39 15:08:27 15:12:15 16:34:00 7:36 3:09 83.45%
  China Leshan 15:16:24 16:46:39 16:48:36 16:50:34 18:07:05 3:55 2:51 82.96%
  China Chongqing 15:20:51 16:46:48 16:50:43 16:54:37 18:07:30 7:49 2:47 82.85%
  China Zhengzhou 15:30:43 16:51:31 16:53:48 16:56:05 17:37:07 (sunset) 4:34 2:06 82.48%
  China Jinan 15:33:49 16:53:28 16:54:18 16:55:09 17:19:07 (sunset) 1:41 1:45 82.33%
  China Zibo 15:34:43 16:52:22 16:54:33 16:56:45 17:14:39 (sunset) 4:23 1:40 82.29%
  China Xinyang 15:31:20 16:52:03 16:54:39 16:57:15 17:41:19 (sunset) 5:12 2:10 82.52%
  China Huaibei 15:34:06 16:51:52 16:55:13 16:58:34 17:26:21 (sunset) 6:42 1:52 82.39%
  China Xuzhou 15:34:26 16:51:49 16:55:15 16:58:42 17:24:05 (sunset) 6:53 1:50 82.37%
  China Qingdao 15:36:52 16:51:50 16:55:26 16:59:02 17:07:09 (sunset) 7:12 1:30 82.22%
References: [1]

Places experiencing partial eclipse

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Solar Eclipse of January 15, 2010
(Local Times)
Country or territory City or place Start of partial eclipse Maximum eclipse End of partial eclipse Duration of eclipse (hr:min) Maximum coverage
  Republic of the Congo Impfondo 05:55:57 (sunrise) 06:16:09 07:37:03 1:41 75.91%
  Central African Republic Berbérati 06:09:08 (sunrise) 06:16:29 07:35:58 1:27 80.70%
  Democratic Republic of the Congo Kisangani 06:25:42 (sunrise) 07:18:53 08:47:49 2:22 80.43%
  Central African Republic Bria 05:47:52 (sunrise) 06:19:27 07:45:41 1:58 82.29%
  Burundi Gitega 06:05:41 07:21:31 08:54:57 2:49 73.74%
  Rwanda Kigali 06:05:29 07:21:54 08:56:24 2:54 78.33%
  Uganda Gulu 07:06:29 08:25:39 10:04:54 2:58 82.99%
  South Sudan Juba 07:07:24 08:25:54 10:04:09 2:57 78.62%
  Chad N'Djamena 06:24:26 (sunrise) 06:27:53 07:39:35 1:15 70.99%
  Cameroon Yaoundé 06:25:36 (sunrise) 06:27:58 07:31:16 1:06 65.89%
  Tanzania Dar es Salaam 07:07:54 08:31:52 10:17:13 3:09 71.68%
  Kenya Mombasa 07:07:27 08:33:04 10:21:24 3:14 80.44%
  Ethiopia Addis Ababa 07:14:32 08:38:54 10:26:13 3:12 60.55%
  Somalia Mogadishu 07:13:14 08:46:57 10:46:52 3:34 77.26%
  Seychelles Victoria 08:22:14 10:09:08 12:17:21 3:55 83.79%
  Maldives Addu City 10:07:20 12:15:12 14:13:42 4:06 78.02%
  Maldives Kulhudhuffushi 10:18:18 12:28:57 14:26:05 4:08 83.61%
  Sri Lanka Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte 11:12:13 13:19:41 15:07:28 3:55 83.19%
  India New Delhi 11:53:06 13:39:08 15:11:04 3:18 41.49%
  India Kolkata 12:07:17 13:57:36 15:29:08 3:22 75.99%
  Bangladesh Dhaka 12:44:05 14:31:36 16:01:00 3:17 77.09%
  Bhutan Thimphu 12:47:52 14:32:13 15:59:55 3:12 66.39%
  South Korea Seoul 16:41:02 17:33:58 17:37:01 (sunset) 0:56 55.79%
  Myanmar Yangon 13:20:28 15:04:45 16:30:49 3:10 74.11%
  Thailand Bangkok 14:00:25 15:37:26 16:58:08 2:58 57.28%
  Laos Vientiane 14:08:17 15:43:18 17:02:46 2:54 64.73%
  Vietnam Hanoi 14:16:53 15:48:06 17:05:05 2:48 67.35%
  China Beijing 15:32:46 16:52:28 17:13:19 (sunset) 1:41 74.34%
  Hong Kong Hong Kong 15:32:46 16:54:12 18:00:06 (sunset) 2:27 57.32%
  Taiwan Taipei 15:42:29 16:57:28 17:25:41 (sunset) 1:43 54.91%
References: [1]
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Eclipse details

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Shown below are two tables displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. The first table outlines times at which the moon's penumbra or umbra attains the specific parameter, and the second table describes various other parameters pertaining to this eclipse.[12]

January 15, 2010 Solar Eclipse Times
Event Time (UTC)
First Penumbral External Contact 2010 January 15 at 04:06:33.7 UTC
First Umbral External Contact 2010 January 15 at 05:15:01.1 UTC
First Central Line 2010 January 15 at 05:18:40.9 UTC
First Umbral Internal Contact 2010 January 15 at 05:22:22.0 UTC
First Penumbral Internal Contact 2010 January 15 at 06:51:13.0 UTC
Greatest Duration 2010 January 15 at 06:55:35.8 UTC
Greatest Eclipse 2010 January 15 at 07:07:39.2 UTC
Ecliptic Conjunction 2010 January 15 at 07:12:28.5 UTC
Equatorial Conjunction 2010 January 15 at 07:21:27.5 UTC
Last Penumbral Internal Contact 2010 January 15 at 07:23:43.9 UTC
Last Umbral Internal Contact 2010 January 15 at 08:52:46.6 UTC
Last Central Line 2010 January 15 at 08:56:28.9 UTC
Last Umbral External Contact 2010 January 15 at 09:00:10.0 UTC
Last Penumbral External Contact 2010 January 15 at 10:08:41.4 UTC
January 15, 2010 Solar Eclipse Parameters
Parameter Value
Eclipse Magnitude 0.91903
Eclipse Obscuration 0.84462
Gamma 0.40016
Sun Right Ascension 19h47m51.0s
Sun Declination -21°07'38.7"
Sun Semi-Diameter 16'15.5"
Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax 08.9"
Moon Right Ascension 19h47m25.3s
Moon Declination -20°46'54.8"
Moon Semi-Diameter 14'44.3"
Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax 0°54'05.4"
ΔT 66.0 s

Eclipse season

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See also: Eclipse cycle

This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight.

Eclipse season of December 2009–January 2010
December 31
Descending node (full moon)
 January 15
Ascending node (new moon)
   
Partial lunar eclipse
Lunar Saros 115		 Annular solar eclipse
Solar Saros 141
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Eclipses in 2010

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Metonic

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Tzolkinex

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Half-Saros

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Tritos

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Solar Saros 141

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Inex

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Triad

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Solar eclipses of 2008–2011

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This eclipse is a member of a semester series. An eclipse in a semester series of solar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit.[13]

The partial solar eclipses on June 1, 2011 and November 25, 2011 occur in the next lunar year eclipse set.

Solar eclipse series sets from 2008 to 2011
Ascending node   Descending node
Saros Map Gamma Saros Map Gamma
121
 
Partial in Christchurch, New Zealand 		February 7, 2008
 
Annular 		−0.95701 126
 
Totality in Kumul, Xinjiang, China 		August 1, 2008
 
Total 		0.83070
131
 
Annularity in Palangka Raya, Indonesia 		January 26, 2009
 
Annular 		−0.28197 136
 
Totality in Kurigram District, Bangladesh 		July 22, 2009
 
Total 		0.06977
141
 
Annularity in Jinan, Shandong, China 		January 15, 2010
 
Annular 		0.40016 146
 
Totality in Hao, French Polynesia 		July 11, 2010
 
Total 		−0.67877
151
 
Partial in Poland 		January 4, 2011
 
Partial 		1.06265 156 July 1, 2011
 
Partial 		−1.49171

Saros 141

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This eclipse is a part of Saros series 141, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, and containing 70 events. The series started with a partial solar eclipse on May 19, 1613. It contains annular eclipses from August 4, 1739 through October 14, 2640. There are no hybrid or total eclipses in this set. The series ends at member 70 as a partial eclipse on June 13, 2857. Its eclipses are tabulated in three columns; every third eclipse in the same column is one exeligmos apart, so they all cast shadows over approximately the same parts of the Earth.

The longest duration of annularity was produced by member 20 at 12 minutes, 9 seconds on December 14, 1955. All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’s ascending node of orbit.[14]

Series members 12–33 occur between 1801 and 2200:
12 13 14
 
September 17, 1811 		 
September 28, 1829 		 
October 9, 1847
15 16 17
 
October 19, 1865 		 
October 30, 1883 		 
November 11, 1901
18 19 20
 
November 22, 1919 		 
December 2, 1937 		 
December 14, 1955
21 22 23
 
December 24, 1973 		 
January 4, 1992 		 
January 15, 2010
24 25 26
 
January 26, 2028 		 
February 5, 2046 		 
February 17, 2064
27 28 29
 
February 27, 2082 		 
March 10, 2100 		 
March 22, 2118
30 31 32
 
April 1, 2136 		 
April 12, 2154 		 
April 23, 2172
33
 
May 4, 2190

Metonic series

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The metonic series repeats eclipses every 19 years (6939.69 days), lasting about 5 cycles. Eclipses occur in nearly the same calendar date. In addition, the octon subseries repeats 1/5 of that or every 3.8 years (1387.94 days). All eclipses in this table occur at the Moon's ascending node.

20 eclipse events between June 10, 1964 and August 21, 2036
June 10–11 March 28–29 January 14–16 November 3 August 21–22
117 119 121 123 125
 
June 10, 1964 		 
March 28, 1968 		 
January 16, 1972 		 
November 3, 1975 		 
August 22, 1979
127 129 131 133 135
 
June 11, 1983 		 
March 29, 1987 		 
January 15, 1991 		 
November 3, 1994 		 
August 22, 1998
137 139 141 143 145
 
June 10, 2002 		 
March 29, 2006 		 
January 15, 2010 		 
November 3, 2013 		 
August 21, 2017
147 149 151 153 155
 
June 10, 2021 		 
March 29, 2025 		 
January 14, 2029 		 
November 3, 2032 		 
August 21, 2036

Tritos series

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This eclipse is a part of a tritos cycle, repeating at alternating nodes every 135 synodic months (≈ 3986.63 days, or 11 years minus 1 month). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee), but groupings of 3 tritos cycles (≈ 33 years minus 3 months) come close (≈ 434.044 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200
 
August 28, 1802
(Saros 122) 		 
July 27, 1813
(Saros 123) 		 
June 26, 1824
(Saros 124) 		 
May 27, 1835
(Saros 125) 		 
April 25, 1846
(Saros 126)
 
March 25, 1857
(Saros 127) 		 
February 23, 1868
(Saros 128) 		 
January 22, 1879
(Saros 129) 		 
December 22, 1889
(Saros 130) 		 
November 22, 1900
(Saros 131)
 
October 22, 1911
(Saros 132) 		 
September 21, 1922
(Saros 133) 		 
August 21, 1933
(Saros 134) 		 
July 20, 1944
(Saros 135) 		 
June 20, 1955
(Saros 136)
 
May 20, 1966
(Saros 137) 		 
April 18, 1977
(Saros 138) 		 
March 18, 1988
(Saros 139) 		 
February 16, 1999
(Saros 140) 		 
January 15, 2010
(Saros 141)
 
December 14, 2020
(Saros 142) 		 
November 14, 2031
(Saros 143) 		 
October 14, 2042
(Saros 144) 		 
September 12, 2053
(Saros 145) 		 
August 12, 2064
(Saros 146)
 
July 13, 2075
(Saros 147) 		 
June 11, 2086
(Saros 148) 		 
May 11, 2097
(Saros 149) 		 
April 11, 2108
(Saros 150) 		 
March 11, 2119
(Saros 151)
 
February 8, 2130
(Saros 152) 		 
January 8, 2141
(Saros 153) 		 
December 8, 2151
(Saros 154) 		 
November 7, 2162
(Saros 155) 		 
October 7, 2173
(Saros 156)
 
September 4, 2184
(Saros 157) 		 
August 5, 2195
(Saros 158)

Inex series

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This eclipse is a part of the long period inex cycle, repeating at alternating nodes, every 358 synodic months (≈ 10,571.95 days, or 29 years minus 20 days). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee). However, groupings of 3 inex cycles (≈ 87 years minus 2 months) comes close (≈ 1,151.02 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200
 
June 6, 1807
(Saros 134) 		 
May 15, 1836
(Saros 135) 		 
April 25, 1865
(Saros 136)
 
April 6, 1894
(Saros 137) 		 
March 17, 1923
(Saros 138) 		 
February 25, 1952
(Saros 139)
 
February 4, 1981
(Saros 140) 		 
January 15, 2010
(Saros 141) 		 
December 26, 2038
(Saros 142)
 
December 6, 2067
(Saros 143) 		 
November 15, 2096
(Saros 144) 		 
October 26, 2125
(Saros 145)
 
October 7, 2154
(Saros 146) 		 
September 16, 2183
(Saros 147)

Notes

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  1. ^ a b c "January 15, 2010 Annular Solar Eclipse". timeanddate. Retrieved 11 August 2024.
  2. ^ "Solar eclipse dazzles Africa and Asia". Intelligencer Journal/Lancaster New Era. 2010-01-16. p. 32. Retrieved 2023-10-25 – via Newspapers.com.
  3. ^ "Thousands view solar eclipse in Africa, Asia". Tri-City Herald. 2010-01-16. p. 6. Retrieved 2023-10-25 – via Newspapers.com.
  4. ^ "Moon Distances for London, United Kingdom, England". timeanddate. Retrieved 11 August 2024.
  5. ^ NASA – Solar Eclipse Search Engine
  6. ^ Espenak, Fred. "Besselian Elements for Annular Solar Eclipse of 2010 Jan 15". NASA Eclipse Web Site.
  7. ^ Annular Solar Eclipse Occurs on January 15, 2010
  8. ^ NASA: Eclipses During 2010: Annular Solar Eclipse of January 15
  9. ^ Facilities to view the solar eclipse in Trivandrum
  10. ^ VSSC expects insights from eclipse
  11. ^ City Bureau (January 15, 2010). "Celestial treat, a day away". The Hindu. Archived from the original on January 17, 2010.
  12. ^ "Annular Solar Eclipse of 2010 Jan 15". EclipseWise.com. Retrieved 11 August 2024.
  13. ^ van Gent, R.H. "Solar- and Lunar-Eclipse Predictions from Antiquity to the Present". A Catalogue of Eclipse Cycles. Utrecht University. Retrieved 6 October 2018.
  14. ^ "NASA - Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 141". eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov.

References

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