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Democratic Party
Chairperson	Ken Martin
Governing body	Democratic National Committee[1][2]
Senate Minority Leader	Chuck Schumer
House Minority Leader	Hakeem Jeffries
Founders	Andrew Jackson Martin Van Buren
Founded	January 8, 1828; 197 years ago (1828-01-08)[3] Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.
Preceded by	Democratic-Republican Party
Headquarters	430 South Capitol St. SE, Washington, D.C., U.S.
Student wing	High School Democrats of America College Democrats of America
Youth wing	Young Democrats of America
Women's wing	National Federation of Democratic Women
Overseas wing	Democrats Abroad
Ideology	Liberalism (US)[4][5][6] Factions: Centrism[12] Progressivism (US)[13]
Political position	Center-left[A][19]
Caucuses	Blue Dog Coalition New Democrat Coalition Congressional Progressive Caucus
Colors	Blue
Senate	45 / 100[a]
House of Representatives	212 / 435
State governors	23 / 50
State upper chambers	832 / 1,973
State lower chambers	2,385 / 5,413
Territorial governors	2 / 5
Seats in Territorial upper chambers	21 / 97
Seats in Territorial lower chambers	9 / 91
Election symbol
Politics of the United States Political parties Elections ^ A: The Oxford Companion to American Politics observes that the terms "progressive" and "liberal" are "often used interchangeably" in political discourse regarding "the center-left".[20]

Republican Party
Abbreviation	GOP
Chairperson	Michael Whatley
Governing body	Republican National Committee
U.S. President	Donald Trump
U.S. Vice President	JD Vance
Senate Majority Leader	John Thune
Speaker of the House	Mike Johnson
House Majority Leader	Steve Scalise
Founders	Alvan E. Bovay[21] Henry J. Raymond[22] ... and others Horace Greeley John C. Frémont Francis P. Blair Edwin D. Morgan Amos Tuck Salmon P. Chase
Founded	March 20, 1854; 171 years ago (1854-03-20) Ripon, Wisconsin, U.S.
Merger of	Whig Party[23][24][25][26] Free Soil Party[27] Anti-Nebraska movement[28]
Headquarters	310 First Street SE, Washington, D.C., U.S.
Student wing	College Republicans High School Republican National Federation
Youth wing	Young Republicans Teen Age Republicans
Women's wing	National Federation of Republican Women
Overseas wing	Republicans Overseas
Ideology	Right-wing populism[A][29] Conservatism (US)[30] Factions: Christian right[31] Right-libertarianism (US)[32]
Political position	Right-wing[33]
International affiliation	International Democracy Union[34] Asia Pacific Democracy Union[35] European Conservatives and Reformists Party (global partner)[36]
Caucuses	Republican Governance Group Republican Main Street Caucus Republican Study Committee Freedom Caucus
Colors	Red
Senate	53 / 100
House of Representatives	220 / 435
State governors	27 / 50
State upper chambers	1,121 / 1,973
State lower chambers	2,985 / 5,413
Territorial governors	3 / 5
Territorial upper chambers	15 / 97
Territorial lower chambers	9 / 91
Election symbol
Politics of the United States Political parties Elections ^ A: Includes Trumpism.[37][38][39]

1. "About the Democratic Party". Democrats. March 4, 2019. Archived from the original on April 6, 2022. Retrieved April 15, 2022. For 171 years, [the Democratic National Committee] has been responsible for governing the Democratic Party
2. Democratic Party (September 10, 2022). "The Charter & The Bylaws of the Democratic Party of the United States" (PDF). p. 3. Archived (PDF) from the original on January 22, 2025. Retrieved March 24, 2025. The Democratic National Committee shall have general responsibility for the affairs of the Democratic Party between National Conventions
3. Cole, Donald B. (1970). Jacksonian Democracy in New Hampshire, 1800–1851. Harvard University Press. p. 69. ISBN 978-0-67-428368-8.
4. Cite error: The named reference sarnold was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
5. Geismer, Lily (2015). Don't blame us: suburban liberals and the transformation of the Democratic party. Politics and society in twentieth-century America. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-15723-8.
6. Cebul, Brent; Geismer, Lily, eds. (2025). Mastery and drift: professional-class liberals since the 1960s. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-83811-3.
7. Bacon, Perry Jr. (March 11, 2019). "The Six Wings Of The Democratic Party". FiveThirtyEight. Archived from the original on August 15, 2021. Retrieved October 21, 2021.
8. Levitz, Eric (October 18, 2018). "America Already Has a Centrist Party. It's Called the Democrats". Intelligencer. Retrieved October 2, 2024.
9. Ball, Molly (February 7, 2014). "No, Liberals Don't Control the Democratic Party". The Atlantic. Retrieved March 13, 2017.
10. Gaudiano, Nicole. "Liberals seek 'ideological shift' in the Democratic Party". USA Today. Gannett Satellite Information Network, LLC. Retrieved March 13, 2017.
11. Alterman, Eric (2008). Why We're Liberals: A Political Handbook for Post-Bush America. Penguin. p. 339. ISBN 9780670018604. Retrieved March 13, 2017. Suffice to say that there has not been a huge swing away from the center since the 1970s.
12. ^{[7][8][9][10][11]}
13. Stein, Letita; Cornwell, Susan; Tanfani, Joseph (August 23, 2018). "Inside the progressive movement roiling the Democratic Party". Reuters. Archived from the original on June 13, 2022. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
14. Rae, Nicol C. (June 2007). "Be Careful What You Wish For: The Rise of Responsible Parties in American National Politics". Annual Review of Political Science. 10 (1). Annual Reviews: 169–191. doi:10.1146/annurev.polisci.10.071105.100750. ISSN 1094-2939. What are we to make of American parties at the dawn of the twenty-first century? ... The impact of the 1960s civil rights revolution has been to create two more ideologically coherent parties: a generally liberal or center-left party and a conservative party.
15. Cronin, James E.; Ross, George W.; Shoch, James (August 24, 2011). "Introduction: The New World of the Center-Left". What's Left of the Left: Democrats and Social Democrats in Challenging Times. Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0-8223-5079-8. Archived from the original on August 20, 2024. Retrieved August 7, 2024. pp. 17, 22, 182: Including the American Democratic Party in a comparative analysis of center-left parties is unorthodox, since unlike Europe, America has not produced a socialist movement tied to a strong union movement. Yet the Democrats may have become center-left before anyone else, obliged by their different historical trajectory to build complex alliances with social groups other than the working class and to deal with unusually powerful capitalists ... Taken together, the three chapters devoted to the United States show that the center-left in America faces much the same set of problems as elsewhere and, especially in light of the election results from 2008, that the Democratic Party's potential to win elections, despite its current slide in approval, may be at least equal to that of any center-left party in Europe ... Despite the setback in the 2010 midterms, together the foregoing trends have put the Democrats in a position to eventually build a dominant center-left majority in the United States.
16. Bruner, Christopher (January 1, 2018). "Center-Left Politics and Corporate Governance: What Is the 'Progressive' Agenda?". Brigham Young University Law Review: 267–338. While these dynamics have remained have remained important to the Democratic Party's electoral strategy since the 1990s, the finance-driven coalition described above remains high controverisal and unstable, reflecting the fact that core intellectual and ideological tensions in the platform of the U.S. center-left persist.
17. Hacker, Jacob S.; Malpas, Amelia; Pierson, Paul; Zacher, Sam (December 27, 2023). "Bridging the Blue Divide: The Democrats' New Metro Coalition and the Unexpected Prominence of Redistribution". Perspectives on Politics. 22 (3). Cambridge University Press on behalf of the American Political Science Association: 3. doi:10.1017/S1537592723002931. ISSN 1537-5927. We conclude by considering why Democrats have taken this course, why they are not perceived as having done so, and why, at this fraught juncture for American democratic capitalism, political scientists could learn much from closer examination of the rich world's largest center-left party.
18. Zacher, Sam (June 2024). "Polarization of the Rich: The New Democratic Allegiance of Affluent Americans and the Politics of Redistribution". Perspectives on Politics. 22 (2): 338–356. doi:10.1017/S1537592722003310. It is clear that the Democratic Party—the center-left United States political party—does enact some forms of a redistributive economic policy agenda.
19. ^{[14][15][16][17][18]}
20. Coates, David, ed. (2012). "Liberalism, Center-left". The Oxford Companion to American Politics. Oxford University Press. pp. 68–69. doi:10.1093/acref/9780199764310.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-976431-0.
21. The Origin of the Republican Party Archived March 22, 2012, at the Wayback Machine by Prof. A. F. Gilman, Ripon College, WI, 1914.
22. Widmer, Ted (March 19, 2011). "A Very Mad-Man". Opinionator. The New York Times. Retrieved 12 March 2017.
23. "Political Parties". Northern Illinois University Digital Library. Archived from the original on May 17, 2024. Retrieved 27 May 2024.
24. Howe, Daniel Walker (Winter 1995). "Why Abraham Lincoln Was a Whig". Journal of the Abraham Lincoln Association. 16 (1): 27–38. doi:10.5406/19457987.16.1.05. hdl:2027/spo.2629860.0016.105. ISSN 1945-7987.
25. "Historical Context: The Breakdown of the Party System | Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History". Archived from the original on May 18, 2024. Retrieved 27 May 2024.
26. "Major American Political Parties of the 19th Century". Norwich University Resource Library. Archived from the original on May 17, 2024. Retrieved 28 May 2024.
27. McPherson, James (2003) [1988]. The Illustrated Battle Cry of Freedom: The Civil War Era. Oxford University Press. p. 129. ISBN 978-0-19-974390-2.
28. James M. McPherson, Ordeal by Fire: Volume I. The Coming of War, second edition (ISBN 0-07045837-5) p. 94.
29. Cite error: The named reference Dominant was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
30. Smith, Robert C. (2021). "Ronald Reagan, Donald Trump, and the Future of the Republican Party and Conservatism in America". American Political Thought. 10 (2): 283–289. doi:10.1086/713662. S2CID 233401184. Retrieved September 21, 2022.
31. • Baker, Paula; Critchlow, Donald T., eds. (2020). "Chapter 15: Religion and American Politics". The Oxford Handbook of American Political History. New York, New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 278–294. ISBN 9780199341788.
    • Lewis, Andrew R. (August 28, 2019). "The Inclusion-Moderation Thesis: The U.S. Republican Party and the Christian Right". Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Politics. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.665. ISBN 978-0-19-022863-7. Considering all the evidence, the most apt description is that conservative Christianity has transformed the Republican Party, and the Republican Party has transformed conservative Christianity ... With its inclusion in the Republican Party, the Christian right has moderated on some aspects ... At the same time, the Christian right has altered Republican politics.
    • Perry, Samuel L. (2022). "American Religion in the Era of Increasing Polarization". Annual Review of Sociology. 48 (1). San Mateo, California: Annual Reviews: 87–107. doi:10.1146/annurev-soc-031021-114239. ISSN 0360-0572. p. 91: Unaffiliated Americans were not abandoning orthodox beliefs, but rather, the increase in "no religion" was confined to political moderates and liberals who were likely reacting to the growing alignment of Christian identity with the religious Right and Republicans.
    • Berlet, Chip; Hardisty, Berlet, eds. (2019). "Drifting Right and going wrong: An overview of the US political Right". Trumping Democracy: From Reagan to the Alt-right (1 ed.). London: Routledge. p. 91. doi:10.4324/9781315438412-9. ISBN 9781315438412. Within the Republican Party, the Christian Right competes with more secular, upstart free market libertarianism and button-down business conservatism for dominance.
    • Gannon, Thomas M. (July–September 1981). "The New Christian Right in America as a Social and Political Force". Archives de sciences sociales des religions. 26 (52–1). Paris: Éditions de l'EHESS: 69–83. doi:10.3406/assr.1981.2226. ISSN 0335-5985. JSTOR 30125411.
    • Ben Barka, Mokhtar (December 2012). "The New Christian Right's relations with Israel and with the American Jews: the mid-1970s onward". E-Rea. 10 (1). Aix-en-Provence and Marseille: Centre pour l'Édition Électronique Ouverte on behalf of Aix-Marseille University. doi:10.4000/erea.2753. ISSN 1638-1718. S2CID 191364375.
    • Palmer, Randall; Winner, Lauren F. (2005) [2002]. "Protestants and Homosexuality". Protestantism in America. Columbia Contemporary American Religion Series. New York: Columbia University Press. pp. 149–178. ISBN 9780231111317. LCCN 2002023859.
    • "Content Pages of the Encyclopedia of Religion and Social Science". Archived from the original on March 3, 2016.
    • Trollinger, William (October 8, 2019). "Fundamentalism turns 100, a landmark for the Christian Right". The Conversation. ISSN 2201-5639. Archived from the original on May 7, 2022. Retrieved July 3, 2022. The emergent Christian Right attached itself to the Republican Party, which was more aligned with its members' central commitments than the Democrats ... By the time Falwell died, in 2007, the Christian Right had become the most important constituency in the Republican Party. It played a crucial role in electing Donald Trump in 2016.
    • Thomson-DeVeaux, Amelia (October 27, 2022). "How Much Power Do Christians Really Have?". FiveThirtyEight. Archived from the original on April 10, 2024. Retrieved June 16, 2024. In the 1980s and 1990s, as white Christian conservatives forged an alliance with the Republican Party, Christianity itself started to become a partisan symbol. Identifying as a Christian was no longer just about theology, community or family history — to many Americans, the label became uncomfortably tangled with the Christian Right's political agenda, which was itself becoming increasingly hard to separate from the GOP's political agenda.
32. Wilbur, Miller (2012). "Libertarianism". The Social History of Crime and Punishment in America. Vol. 3. Thousand Oaks, California: SAGE Publications. pp. 1006–1007. ISBN 978-1-4129-8876-6. While right-libertarianism has been equated with libertarianism in general in the United States, left-libertarianism has become a more predominant aspect of politics in western European democracies over the past three decades. ... Since the 1950s, libertarianism in the United States has been associated almost exclusively with right-libertarianism ... As such, right-libertarianism in the United States remains a fruitful discourse with which to articulate conservative claims, even as it lacks political efficacy as a separate ideology. However, even without its own movement, libertarian sensibility informs numerous social movements in the United States, including the U.S. patriot movement, the gun-rights movement, and the incipient Tea Party movement.
33. • McKay, David (2020), Crewe, Ivor; Sanders, David (eds.), "Facilitating Donald Trump: Populism, the Republican Party and Media Manipulation", Authoritarian Populism and Liberal Democracy, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 107–121, doi:10.1007/978-3-030-17997-7_7, ISBN 978-3-030-17997-7, retrieved 13 June 2024, the Republicans changed from being a right of centre coalition of moderates and conservatives to an unambiguously right-wing party that was hostile not only to liberal views but also to any perspective that clashed with the core views of an ideologically cohesive conservative cadre of party faithfuls
    • Arhin, Kofi; Stockemer, Daniel; Normandin, Marie-Soleil (May 29, 2023). "THE REPUBLICAN TRUMP VOTER: A Populist Radical Right Voter Like Any Other?". World Affairs. 186 (3). doi:10.1177/00438200231176818. ISSN 1940-1582. In this article, we first illustrate that the Republican Party, or at least the dominant wing, which supports or tolerates Donald Trump and his Make America Great Again (MAGA) agenda have become a proto-typical populist radical right-wing party (PRRP).
    • Greenberg, David (2021-01-27). "An Intellectual History of Trumpism". Politico Magazine. Archived from the original on April 11, 2024. Retrieved 13 June 2024. The larger ideology that the president-elect represents is a post-Iraq War, post-crash, post-Barack Obama update of what used to be called paleoconservatism: On race and immigration, where the alt-right affinities are most pronounced, its populist ideas are carrying an already right-wing party even further right.
    • Wineinger, Catherine; Nugent, Mary K. (2020-01-02). "Framing Identity Politics: Right-Wing Women as Strategic Party Actors in the UK and US". Journal of Women, Politics & Policy. 41 (1): 5. doi:10.1080/1554477X.2020.1698214. ISSN 1554-477X.
    • Jessosula, Matteo; Natili, Marcello; Pavolini, Emmanuele (8 August 2022). "'Exclusionary welfarism': a new programmatic agenda for populist right-wing parties?". Contemporary Politics. 28 (4): 447–449. doi:10.1080/13569775.2021.2011644. ISSN 1356-9775.
34. "Members". IDU. Archived from the original on July 16, 2015.
35. "Regional Unions". International Democracy Union. Archived from the original on June 17, 2010. Retrieved August 19, 2024.
36. "About – ECR Party". European Conservatives and Reformists Party. August 4, 2022. Archived from the original on July 1, 2023. Retrieved August 19, 2024.
37. Cite error: The named reference Ball 2024 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
38. Cite error: The named reference v0752 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
39. Cite error: The named reference i2772 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

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