Wikipedia

User:Kautilya3/sandbox

< User:Kautilya3

Manipur tapes, referring to the audio recording of an alleged closed-door conversation of the then Manipur chief minister N. Biren Singh, leaked in 2024, in which Singh is heard taking responsibility for starting the "war", i.e., 2023–2025 Manipur violence between the Meitei and Kuki-Zo communities in the state of Manipur.[1][2] In June 2024, the tapes were submitted by the sources that made the recording to the government-appointed Commission of Inquiry for Manipur Violence, along with an affidavit attesting to its authenticity.[3] In August 2024, clips from the recording got circulated on social media and went viral.[4] The Kuki Students' Organisation shared a transcript of excerpts from the recording in a press release, and the news portal The Wire published a series of articles covering highlights from the tapes.[3]

The Government of Manipur responded to the audio clips on social media claiming that they were "doctored", and threatened that those involved in their circulation would be "prosecuted under relevant provisions of law".[5][6] The Kuki Organisation for Human Rights submitted transcripts of the tapes to the Supreme Court-appointed investigating officer and the National Human Rights Commission, urging an investigation of CM Biren Singh.[7] Subsequently, in October 2024, it filed a writ petition in the Supreme Court of India asking for a court-monitored investigation.[8] After an initial hearing on 8 November,[9] it submitted a forensic report from the reputed Truth Labs, which assessed that the voice in the recording belonged to CM Biren Singh with 93% certainty.[10][11] Five days later, Singh resigned from the chief minister post,[4][12] and the state was put under President's rule. Singh has not commented on the matter, saying that it was sub judice.

Context

edit
 
The districts of Manipur as of 2011. The four central districts, Imphal East, Imphal West, Thoubal and Bishnupur, comprise the Imphal Valley. The remaining districts represent hill areas.

On 3 May 2023, after a protest rally in the Churachandpur Town by the Kuki-Zo tribals protesting a Meitei demand for Scheduled Tribe (ST) status, ethnic violence between the Meitei and Kuki-Zo communities erupted near the border between Churachandpur and Bishnupur districts. It quickly spiralled out of control, with 77 Kuki and 10 Meitei people getting killed within a week, and over 60,000 people getting displaced.[13] The entire population of the Kuki people living in the central valley got evicted from their homes, and all the Meitei people living in Kuki-dominated hill districts were likewise displaced, resulting in a complete partition of the state across the two communities.

According to the Kuki Organisation for Human Rights (KOHUR), the violence was started at the behest of the Manipur chief minister N. Biren Singh, who belongs to the majority Meitei community. The organisation narrates that, on the same day as the tribal rally, there were also ongoing talks between the Kuki-Zo militant groups under Suspension of Operations ("SoO groups") and the Union government. The talks arrived at an agreement, which was to be finalised on 8 May 2023.[14] When the chief minister heard of the outcome of the talks, he is said to have gotten furious and told his associates that he was going to start the war against the Kukis.[1]

Throughout the 20-month-long conflict, state complicity was widely alleged.[15][16][17][18] Armed militias under the names of Arambai Tenggol and Meitei Leepun seemed to be acting with impunity under state patronage, launching attacks on Kuki-Zo people.[19][20][21] The state police was seen to be acting as an 'ethnic army' using state resources for their fight against the Kuki-Zo people.[22] Biren Singh himself launched a no-holds-barred campaign against the Kuki-Zo people accusing them of "drug trafficking", "poppy cultivation", "forest encroachment" and harbouring "illegal immigrants" from Myanmar.[23][24][25]

In August 2024, more than a year after the start of the violence, Manipur tapes came to light in the form of audio clips circulated on social media.[4] On 7 August, The Kuki Students' Organisation announced that it had in its possession the full audio recording, which contained numerous incriminating statements by CM Biren Singh.[26] It also shared a transcript of excerpts from the recording.[3] On 19 August, the news website The Wire published a series of articles covering highlights from the recording, while also revealing that the full recording had been submitted by the sources to the government-appointed Ajay Lamba Commission in June 2024. The sources also submitted an affidavit attesting to its authenticity but requested protection and anonymity. The date of the recording and all other potentially identifying information have been kept confidential.[27]

Contents of the tapes

edit

The audio recording is reported to be 48 minutes long, and purported to contain conversations of Biren Singh with his associates in a closed-door meeting at the chief minister's official residence.[2][28] The conversations are in the Meitei language with some parts in Hindi.[3] The news website, The Wire, said that it confirmed the date, subject and the contents of the meeting with the meeting participants who remain anonymous.[29]

In one section of the tape, Singh is heard claiming credit for the conflict. The voice claims to have studied "all of these [issues]" (concerning land in the state) for the past 10–15 years and "when I saw all of these, I started operations".[29] Singh has alleged previously that the number of Kuki villages had grown enormously over a 15 year time-frame.[30] Here the voice adds that the Naga villages had not grown in the same fashion, and quips, "Haven’t you seen on the map? Don’t you feel like crying?". It further claims, "We started seeking governmental [rights] over reserved forest land, protected forest land."[29] The voice also alleges that the Kukis were occupying too many civil service posts enabled by job reservations available to Scheduled Tribes, again exempting the Nagas from this alleged appropriation.[29] Kukis were also blamed for growing through the Imphal city, through the establishment of colonies in a manner dissimilar to the Nagas. The Wire noted that Kuki residential colonies in Imphal were attacked by mobs in May 2023, leading to substantial death toll among the Kukis.[29]

In another section of the tape, the alleged voice of Biren Singh claims to have used bombs to prosecute the said "war". It also implies that the Union home minister Amit Shah was aware of this fact. During his visit to the state in May 2023, Shah is said to have warned him as well as the DGP not to use bombs. But after Shah left, the voice claims to have told its people to use the bombs covertly rather than openly.[3][11] The voice also claims credit for the looting of 4,000–5,000 weapons from the police armouries, and the fact that no one has been arrested for the act. It says, "if they arrest, it, the CM, will be the first. It is me who will be arrested for the snatching away of the 4000-5000 guns."[3] The speaker is also heard saying that he would ensure arms supply and that, if the state police arrest anyone, he "will handle it".[3]

The speaker was also aware of resentment he was facing from the Kukis. "Kukis will scold me, abuse me... why won't they? I have destroyed a lot..." He also admits that their casualty is "a bit high". Around 300 Kukis are said to have died in the conflict.[3] Yet the speaker also displays clear enmity towards the Kukis: "If I was not CM, I would have shelled bombs."[3]

In yet another section of the tape, the recorded voice talks about the naked parade incident from the Manipur viral video. It makes light of the crime against the two women that were sexually assaulted, and berates the Meitei civil society organisations for not taking credit: "it is we, the Meiteis who saved them from the mob". It asserts that the Meitei community was very badly shamed from the episode, but that it failed to claim credit for saving the women, clothing them and sending them home, completely ignoring the fact that their male relatives had not been spared by the mob.[31] The recording makes it clear that the speaker was opposed to taking action against the perpetrators of the crime: "I told those people [...] that those people arrested should instead be rewarded. Rewarded for saving them".[31] The Wire stated that the chief minister had made similar statements also in public.[31]

The Wire commented that the statements as recorded were communally divisive and inflammatory. They also raised fundamental concerns about the ruling dispensation in the state.[3]

Attempts of suppression and diversion

edit

The Government of Manipur issued a statement on 8 August labelling the audio clips on on social media as "falsely claiming to be that of the Hon'ble Chief Minister, Manipur". It claimed that the clips were "doctored" and represented a "malicious attempt" to incite communal violence and to derail peace initiatives. It warned that legal action would be taken against all individuals and organisations involved in "this conspiracy". It also claimed that the Manipur Police were actively investigating the matter and were committed to uncovering the origins of the clips.[32][33] The Kuki Students' Organisation responded by announcing that it was willing to share the full audio recording with any media or government agency interested in conducting an analysis for authenticity.[32]

On 20 August, the government effectively threatened The Wire, issuing a strong warning against all those involved in spreading "false and fabricated information" through "any media", again threatening them with prosecution. It also branded the coverage of the audio clips an "anti-national activity" that it claimed would incite "hatred and mistrust among communities".[5][34][35]

Despite the bravado of the official government machinery, the brother of the chief minister as well as Leishemba Sanajaoba, Manipur's titular maharaja and Rajya Sabha MP, had issued threats on social media against "the traitors" that passed the tapes on to "the enemy", which indicated that the tapes were genuine.[36][37]

After this, all efforts by the Kuki-Zo people to publicise the Manipur tapes were confronted with escalation of violence, an apparent effort to divert the media and public attention.[38][39][40] The day after the Kuki-Zo people held nationwide rallies to protest the chief minister's alleged statements in the Manipur tapes,[41] a clash broke out near the village of Koutruk, where, according to Kukis, a key strategic road linking Churachandpur and Kangpokpi through the hills, was ambushed by Meitei groups.[42][43] It was alleged that, in the ensuing retaliation, Kuki groups used armed drones, and the resulting "drones controversy" played out in the media for weeks.[44][45] On 5 September, the Kuki Organisation for Human Rights (KOHUR), wrote to the Supreme Court-appointed investigating officer, Dattatrey Padsalgikar, as well as the National Human Rights Commission, asking for an investigation of the Manipur tapes.[46] Seemingly in response, further allegations arose in Manipur accusing Kukis of shooting rockets into the Imphal Valley. Protesters marched on Raj Bhavan, the Governor's residence, pelted stones and demanded that the chief minister be given full control over security.[47][48] Subsequently, the Chief Minister's Office issued a security alert claiming that 900 Kuki militants from Myanmar were planning to infiltrate into Manipur, further inflaming tensions. The alert was later cancelled after the Indian Army questioned the intelligence.[49]

On 7 November, the day before the Supreme Court of India listed the Manipur tapes case for hearing, a major unprovoked attack took place on the village of Zairawn in the Jiribam district, in which a Hmar woman was shot and brutally burnt to death.[50][39] The attack initiated a major cycle of violence resulting in dozens of deaths in all communities. After the Supreme Court agreed to examine the Manipur tapes on 8 November, another crisis erupted at the village of Saibol,[51] which lasted till mid-January.[52]

These cycles of escalation ended only after the resignation of chief minister on 9 February 2025, which came days after the Supreme Court ordered a forensic examination of the Manipur tapes.[4][12] Afterwards, the state came under President's rule, and the legislative assembly was put under suspended animation.

Supreme Court proceedings

edit

KOHUR filed a writ petition in the Supreme Court of India in later October 2024, seeking a court-monitored investigation into the leaked tapes. Filed through its advocate Prashant Bhushan, the petition said that the tapes "prima facie show the complicity and involvement of the state machinery in violence against the Kuki-Zo community". Citing several portions of the contents of the tapes, it claimed that the Chief Minister of Manipur was "instrumental in inciting, organising and thereafter centrally orchestrating" violence against the Kuki-Zo people.[8]

The Supreme Court listed the petition for a hearing on 8 November. The Attorney General R. Venkataramani and Solicitor General Tushar Mehta urged the court to not take up the case, arguing that it should be heard by the Manipur High Court instead. Nevertheless, the Court agreed to examine the contents of the recording and asked the petitioner to file material to prove its authenticity. The Solicitor General vehemently objected to the plea and said the intention of the petitioner was to "keep the fire burning", claiming that the chief minister was working to reestablish peace in the state. He also berated the judges, who included the Chief Justice Y. V. Chandrachud, claiming that they were "living in ivory towers" without knowledge of the issues of a "porous border". The Court dismissed the objections, and allowed the case to proceed.[53][54][55]

On 3 February 2025, KOHUR submitted a forensic report from the reputed Truth Labs Forensic Services, a private non-profit organisation backed by former chief justice M. N. Venkatachaliah and other jurists, which confirmed with 93% certainty that the voice on the recording belonged to the chief minister Biren Singh.[56] The report said that repeated critical listening indicated similarity of voices, that the intonation patterns of 20 commonly uttered words and vowel distribution patterns were found to be similar with high probability. It also said that no abrupt changes in the background noise, context, tone consistency of speech fluency and loudness could be detected in the acoustic analysis of the audio recording. [10][11]

The Solicitor General however objected to the Truth Labs report, claiming that it was a private organisation, and the petitioner's motives were questionable. He informed the court that investigators had already approached "the person who uploaded the clips on X (formerly twitter)" and added that the audio clips had been sent to the Central Forensic Science Laboratory (CFSL).[57][58] The Hindu also reported the Solicitor General as stating that the Union government had sent "the content handed over to it by the petitioner" to CFSL.[59] The court ordered a CFSL analysis of the tapes and instructed that the findings be submitted within a month, and ordered the case to be relisted for the week beginning 24 March.[57]

The Manipur tapes matter was heard again on 17 April, delayed by two weeks. The Union government informed the Supreme Court that the forensic report from CFSL was complete and would be submitted shortly in a sealed cover. Accordingly the next hearing was scheduled for 5 May.[60] On 5 May, the solicitor general submitted a report from the CFSL and said, "we need a month to probe it".[61] The court however found the report inadequate. It asked the solicitor general, "Mr Mehta, you have to talk to the offices... what is this FSL report?" The solicitor general replied that he had not examined the report's contents since it was in a sealed cover. He was asked to examine the report and "bring a fresh report".[62][63] The court also noted the solicitor general's statement that the investigation, presumably of the state government, would continue. KOHUR's advocate Prashant Bhushan, objected to the investigation stating that it would be conducted by the state police. He was overruled by court saying "Mr Bhushan, we are not staying that, we have seen the report."[62]

At the next hearing on 4 August, the CFSL report was not yet available, and an advocate appearing on behalf of the solicitor general asked for two weeks' time.[64] On 19 August, when the report became available, the court said it was "misdirected". The report was apparently addressing the question of whether the recording (mentioned as "clips" in some sources) was authentic. Its answers were described as "wishy-washy". The court said it was not interested in the question of authenticity, rather it wanted to know the identity of the voice on the recording, whether it belonged to the "individual", i.e., former CM Biren Singh. This question remained unaddressed in the report. The court demanded the solicitor general to produce the instructions that were given to CFSL.[65][66]

References

edit
  1. ^ a b KOHUR, Report on the Manipur Violence (2024), p. 58: 'He [Biren Singh] told his associates who were sitting with him that he was going to start the war against the Kukis. After that, he immediately called upon “someone” to go ahead or start the “war”. This apparently took place between 2–2.30 PM on that day [3 May 2023]. This is corroborated by CM Biren's leaked tapes later when he boastfully claimed that he had started the war.'
  2. ^ a b Probing source of ‘doctored’ audio claiming to be Biren Singh’s voice: Manipur govt., The Hindu, 8 August 2024. 'The [Kuki Students' Organisation] has claimed that the full audio clipping is of at least 45 minutes and is of Mr. Singh “boasting in a closed-door meeting with his cliques that he initiated the war against the Kuki-Zo people to save Meitei Civilization”.'
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Sangeeta Barooah Pisharoty, Manipur Tapes Submitted to Commission: Did Biren Singh Authorise Use of ‘Bombs’ in the State, in Defiance of Amit Shah?, The Wire, 19 August 2024.
  4. ^ a b c d Vijaita Singh, Biren Singh quits as Manipur CM after meeting Home Minister Shah, The Hindu, 9 February 2025, 10:32 pm IST.
  5. ^ a b Manipur government threatens prosecution on The Wire report, Imphal Free Press, 20 August 2024.
  6. ^ Manipur: Audio purportedly featuring CM Biren Singh meant to incite communal violence, claims police, Scroll.in, 20 August 2024.
  7. ^ PTI, Kuki organisation writes to SC-appointed official demanding probe against Manipur CM, Deccan Herald, 5 September 2024.
  8. ^ a b Manipur conflict: Kuki human rights body seeks court-monitored SIT probe into leaked audio tapes purported to be of CM N. Biren Singh, The Hindu, 23 October 2024.
  9. ^ Krishnadas Rajagopal, Submit tapes on Manipur CM Biren Singh’s ‘role’ in riots, Supreme Court tells Kuki group, The Hindu, Updated 9 November 2024.
  10. ^ a b Abhinay Lakshman, 93% probability that voice in leaked audio is of Manipur CM: Truth Labs, The Hindu, 4 February 2025.
  11. ^ a b c Analysis of Independent Forensic Report on ‘Manipur Tapes’, Newsreel Asia, 4 February 2025.
  12. ^ a b President's rule imposed in Manipur days after Biren Singh resigns as CM, Hindustan Times, 14 February 2025. "The resignation came five days after the Supreme Court directed a central forensics lab for a report on leaked audio tapes that allegedly feature Singh and where he is purportedly heard saying the ethnic violence in the state was instigated at his insistence."
  13. ^ Krishn Kaushik, Bunkers, sniper rifles: Deepening sectarian war in India dents Modi's image, Reuters, 28 July 2023.
  14. ^ KOHUR, Report on the Manipur Violence (2024), p. 58.
  15. ^ Arunabh Saikia (6 June 2023). "Armed gangs and a partisan state: How Manipur slipped into civil war". Scroll.in.
  16. ^ PTI, Fresh violence erupts as houses set ablaze in Manipur, Nagaland Post, 16 June 2023.
  17. ^ Kaushik Deka, From the India Today archives (2023) | N. Biren Singh and the big Manipur blunders, India Today, 7 August 2023. Updated 10 February 2025.
  18. ^ John Simte, Manipur: The '900 Kuki Militants' Mystery and Withdrawn 'Intelligence', The Quint, 28 September 2024.
  19. ^ AILAJ, Manufacturing ethnic segregation and conflict (2023), p. 15.
  20. ^ Manipur CM Biren Singh has spat with Kuki users on Twitter, then deletes messages, Scroll.in, 1 July 2023.
  21. ^ Voice clip of Brinda on Arambai Tenggol role in ongoing Manipur crisis went viral, made to clarify later, The Hills Journal, 4 October 2023.
  22. ^ Arunabh Saikia, Inside Manipur’s new battleground: The border outpost of Moreh, Scroll.in, 31 January 2024.
  23. ^ Sangmuan Hangsing, Tawna Valte, Manipur | Is the Legislative Assembly Even Trying for Peaceable Reconciliation?, The Quint, 29 March 2024.
  24. ^ Lalmin Kipgen, Disinformation as a Tool in Manipur Conflict, The Shillong Times, 16 June 2023.
  25. ^ Over 5,000 illegal Myanmar immigrants in Manipur’s Kamjong district, says CM Biren Singh, The Indian Express, 12 May 2024.
  26. ^ Manipur Police says Probing ‘Doctored Audio of CM N Biren,’ Warns of Legal Action for Conspiracy; KSO issues statement, Ukhrul Times, 8 August 2024.
  27. ^ Sangeeta Barooah Pisharoty, Manipur Tapes Submitted to Commission: Did Biren Singh Authorise Use of ‘Bombs’ in the State, in Defiance of Amit Shah?, The Wire, 19 August 2024.
  28. ^ Sangeeta Barooah Pisharoty, Manipur Tapes: ‘Amit Shah Called Me, He Wanted NIA to Arrest 5 Persons, I Didn’t Reply at First, They Finally Got Only Two’, The Wire, 1 October 2024.
  29. ^ a b c d e Sangeeta Barooah Pisharoty, ‘I Started Operations’: Biren Singh Allegedly Claims Credit for Conflict, ‘Kukis Filling Up Govt Posts Through ST Quota’, The Wire, 19 August 2024.
  30. ^ Ritika Chopra, ‘Morning, night, 12, 1... I am in touch with Amit Shahji... He backs balance, Meiteis, Kukis ko same tarah se deal karna hai’: Manipur CM N Biren Singh, The Indian Express, 10 October 2023.
  31. ^ a b c Sangeeta Barooah Pisharoty, 'Where's the Proof They Were Raped?', Biren Allegedly Says of Kuki Women Paraded Naked, 'Reward Those Arrested for Saving Them', The Wire, 19 August 2024.
  32. ^ a b Probing source of ‘doctored’ audio claiming to be Biren Singh’s voice: Manipur govt., The Hindu, 8 August 2024.
  33. ^ PTI, Fake audio clip of CM Biren released to derail peace process: Manipur govt, Business Standard, 8 August 2024.
  34. ^ Debanish Achom, Ratnadip Choudhury, "To Incite Hate, Mistrust": Manipur Government Flags "Doctored Audio Clip", Again, NDTV News, 20 August 2024.
  35. ^ After news report on alleged voice clips of CM, Manipur govt. calls it ‘anti-national’ activity, The Hindu, 20 August 2024.
  36. ^ Sangeeta Barooah Pisharoty, Manipur Tapes: CM's Brother, Arambai Tenggol Founder's Threats To 'Traitors' Who Leaked Tapes to 'Enemy' Contradict Biren's 'Doctored' Claim, The Wire, 24 August 2024.
  37. ^ Manipur Tapes Are Why We Need High-level Investigation Into State BJP Government’s Role in Violence, The Wire, via YouTube, 23 August 2024. 30:47 minutes in.
  38. ^ Manipur on Edge: Violent Clashes Erupt on the day following Kuki-Zo Protests Demanding Separate Administration, action against state CM based on leaked tapes, Sabrang India, 2 September 2024.
  39. ^ a b Vishal Arora, Why Does Violence Surge in Manipur Whenever Its Chief Minister Faces Crisis?, Newsreel Asia, 23 November 2024.
  40. ^ Discussion: Why is Manipur on the boil again?, The Federal, 13 November 2024.
  41. ^ PTI, Manipur: Kuki-Zo bodies hold rallies, demand separate administration, The Hindu, 31 August 2024.
  42. ^ Debanish Achom, Woman Killed, Daughter Injured In Firing By Suspected Insurgents In Manipur, 1 September 2024. 'Members of the Kuki tribes alleged the incident comes just days after purported audio tapes of the Chief Minister - now submitted to a probe panel of the Home Ministry - "proved" the Chief Minister started the Manipur crisis.'
  43. ^ Ananya Bharadwaj, Kuki group claims Koutruk clash ‘not unprovoked’, Meitei insurgents ‘bombed own area using drones’, The Print, 16 September 2024.
  44. ^ Angshuman Choudhury, Northeastern View | A lethal drone attack in Manipur sparks alarm and misinformation, Hindustan Times, 5 September 2024.
  45. ^ Rujuta Thete, Old Video From Myanmar Falsely Shared as 'Drone Attack' by Kukis in Manipur, The Quint, 10 September 2024.
  46. ^ PTI, Kuki organisation writes to SC-appointed official demanding probe against Manipur CM, Deccan Herald, 5 September 2024.
  47. ^ Manipur students protest renewed violence, pelt stones outside Raj Bhavan, The Hindu, 9 September 2024.
  48. ^ Ratnadip Choudhury, Massive Student Protest In Imphal Over Drone And Missile Attacks In Manipur, NDTV News, 9 September 2024.
  49. ^ Vishal Arora, Did 900 ‘Kuki Militants’ Really Enter from Myanmar?, Newsreel Asia, 24 September 2024.
  50. ^ Manipur unrest: Six houses torched in Jiribam; woman allegedly shot and burned to death, The Hindu, 8 November 2024.
  51. ^ PTI, Fresh gun-and-bomb attacks in Imphal East district, say Manipur police, Business Standard, 10 November 2024.
  52. ^ Jyoti Jangra, Manipur’s Women Describe CRPF ‘Assault’: Lost Eye, Head Trauma, Broken Bones, Newsreel Asia, 11 January 2025.
  53. ^ Krishnadas Rajagopal, Supreme Court agrees to examine whistle-blower audio tapes against Manipur CM Biren Singh, The Hindu, 8 November 2024.
  54. ^ Debayan Roy, Manipur Violence: Supreme Court to examine whistleblower tapes against CM N Biren Singh, Bar and Bench, 8 November 2024.
  55. ^ Show Materials Indicating Authenticity Of Audio Clips Against Manipur CM : Supreme Court To Kuki Organization, Live Law, 8 November 2024.
  56. ^ Manipur Violence: Forensic Report on Tapes Alleging CM Biren Singh’s Role Ordered, Newsreel Asia, 3 February 2025.
  57. ^ a b Utkarsh Anand, SC seeks forensic report on alleged leaked audio of Manipur CM, Hindustan Times, 4 February 2025.
  58. ^ Anmol Kaur Bawa, Supreme Court Seeks Forensic Report On Audio Tapes Alleging Manipur CM Biren Singh's Role In Ethnic Violence, Live Law, 3 February 2025.
  59. ^ Supreme Court to wait for CFSL report on veracity of alleged audio on Manipur CM meeting, The Hindu, 3 February 2025.
  60. ^ Navin Upadhyay, CFSL Report on Biren Singh’s Voice Ready, SC to Take it on May 5, Power Corridors, 17 April 2025.
  61. ^ PTI, "What Happened To Report?" Top Court To Manipur On Biren Singh's Alleged "Audio Clip", NDTV News, 4 August 2025.
  62. ^ a b Anmol Kaur Bawa, Supreme Court Seeks Fresh Forensic Report On Audio Clips Against Ex-Manipur CM Biren Singh, Live Law, 5 May 2025.
  63. ^ Manipur Tapes: Supreme Court Questions Union Govt on Delay in Submission of Forensic Report, The Wire, 4 August 2025.
  64. ^ Gursimran Kaur Bakshi, 'Can't Go Endlessly' : Supreme Court Questions Delay In Forensic Report On Tapes Alleging Biren Singh's Role In Manipur Violence, Live Law, 4 August 2025.
  65. ^ ‘Entire exercise seems to be misdirected’: Supreme Court raps CFSL on probe into ex-Manipur CM Biren Singh ‘audio clip’, The Indian Express, 20 August 2025.
  66. ^ Navin Upadhyay, SC Slams CFSL for ‘Misdirected’ Biren Singh Tape Probe, Power Corridors, 19 August 2025.

Bibliography

edit
edit


Category:2023–2025 Manipur violence Category:Politics of Manipur Category:Government of Manipur Category:Ethnic conflicts in Manipur

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Kautilya3/sandbox&oldid=1307006591"