The breakdown of ozone in the stratosphere results in reduced absorption of ultraviolet radiation. Consequently, unabsorbed and dangerous ultraviolet radiation is able to reach the Earth's surface at a higher intensity. Ozone levels have dropped by a worldwide average of about 4 percent since the late 1970s. For approximately 5 percent of the Earth's surface, around the north and south poles, much larger seasonal declines have been seen, and are described as "ozone holes". Let it be known that the "ozone holes" are actually patches in the ozone layer in which the ozone is thinner. The thinnest parts of the ozone are at the polar points of Earth's axis.[1] The discovery of the annual depletion of ozone above the Antarctic was first announced by Joe Farman, Brian Gardiner and Jonathan Shanklin, in a paper which appeared in Nature on May 16, 1985.
Regulation attempts have included but not have been limited to the Clean Air Act implemented by the United States Environmental Protection Agency. The Clean Air Act introduced the requirement of National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) with ozone pollutions being one of six criteria pollutants. This regulation has proven to be effective since counties, cities and tribal regions must abide by these standards and the EPA also provides assistance for each region to regulate contaminants[2]. Effective presentation of information has also proven to be important in order to educate the general population of the existence and regulation of ozone depletion and contaminants. A scientific paper was written by Sheldon Ungar in which the author explores and studies how information about the depletion of the ozone, climate change and various related topics. The ozone case was communicated to lay persons "with easy-to-understand bridging metaphors derived from the popular culture" and related to "immediate risks with everyday relevance".[3] The specific metaphors used in the discussion (ozone shield, ozone hole) proved quite useful and, compared to global climate change, the ozone case was much more seen as a "hot issue" and imminent risk. Lay people were cautious about a depletion of the ozone layer and the risks of skin cancer.
"Bad" ozone can cause adverse health risks respiratory effects (difficulty breathing) and is proven to be an aggravator of respiratory illnesses such as asthma, COPD and emphysema. [4]That is why many countries have set in place regulations to improve "good" ozone and prevent the increase of "bad" ozone in urban or residential areas. In terms of ozone protection (the preservation of "good" ozone) the European Union has strict guidelines on what products are allowed to be bought, distributed or used in specific areas.[5] With effective regulation, the ozone is expected to heal over time. [6]
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edit- ^ "ozone layer | National Geographic Society". education.nationalgeographic.org. Retrieved 2022-05-30.
- ^ US EPA, OAR (2016-12-14). "Ozone Implementation Regulatory Actions". www.epa.gov. Retrieved 2022-05-30.
- ^ Ungar, Sheldon (2000-07). "Knowledge, ignorance and the popular culture: climate change versus the ozone hole". Public Understanding of Science. 9 (3): 297–312. doi:10.1088/0963-6625/9/3/306. ISSN 0963-6625.
{{cite journal}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ Zhang, Junfeng (Jim); Wei, Yongjie; Fang, Zhangfu (2019). "Ozone Pollution: A Major Health Hazard Worldwide". Frontiers in Immunology. 10. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.02518/full#h6. ISSN 1664-3224.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ "Ozone Regulation". ec.europa.eu. Retrieved 2022-05-30.
- ^ US EPA, OAR (2015-07-15). "International Treaties and Cooperation about the Protection of the Stratospheric Ozone Layer". www.epa.gov. Retrieved 2022-05-30.