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Applications of Aging Biomarkers
editThe applications of aging biomarkers are very broad. The various aging clocks may be associated with the prevalence of chronic diseases and frailty, predictive of mortality or future incidence of specific diseases.
A study of smokers and non-smokers using the hematological biomarkers of aging demonstrated that smokers in their 20s are biologically older than non-smokers.[1] An independent study of biomarkers of aging and frailty in human physical activity records revealed that the aging acceleration effect of smoking is reversible: the biological age in age- and sex-matched cohorts of smokers exceeded that of non-smokers, whereas there was no statistically significant difference in cohorts of smokers and those who quit smoking early in life [2].
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Applications of Biomarkers of Aging
editThe uses for biomarkers of aging are ubiquitous. Identifying a physical parameter of biological aging would allow humans to determine our true age, mortality, and morbidity.[3] A challenge with biomarkers is identifying a universal biomarker that is measurable. Also the change in the physical biomarker should be proportional to the change in the age of the species. After establishing a biomarkers of aging, humans would be able to dive into research on extending life spans and finding timelines for the arise of potential genetic diseases.
One of the applications of this finding would allow for identification of the biological age of a person and possibly extend the life of a species based on experimentation. In an article published in 2001 by experimental Gerontology, researches looked at ways to extend the life of humans by studying primates. Since studies on humans would require twice the length of research, primates are a good basis for this research. After identifying a biomarker in chimpanzees doubling the age (60 vs 120 maximum lifespan) could help to identify the timeline in humans. The issue with this method is that not enough data has been collected to make this comparison of primate lifespans to humans. [4]
Using DNA methylation as a parameter for biological aging, research has shown that this important process increases in rate as humans age. Using the DNA methylation, the age of a person would be more clearly defined to biological age that show someone is closer to death. Based on someones life choices, they may be closer or further away from diseases of aging. [5]
Bibliography
edit[3]The article briefly explains what a biomarker of aging is and how we currently understand it.
[6]The articles highlights recent advances in the understanding of biomarkers.
[7]A study on how to identify and track biomarkers of aging in humans, to better understand them.
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- ^ Mamoshina P, Kochetov K, Cortese F, Kovalchuk A, Aliper A, Putin E, Scheibye-Knudsen M, Cantor C, Skjodt N, Kovalchuk O, Zhavoronkov A (January 2019). "Blood Biochemistry Analysis to Detect Smoking Status and Quantify Accelerated Aging in Smokers". Scientific Reports. 9 (9): 142. Bibcode:2019NatSR...9..142M. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-35704-w. PMC 6333803. PMID 30644411.
- ^ Pyrkov TV, Getmantsev E, Zhurov B, Avchaciov K, Pyatnitskiy M, Menshikov L, Khodova K, Gudkov AV, Fedichev PO (October 2018). "Quantitative characterization of biological age and frailty based on locomotor activity records". Aging (Albany NY). 10 (10): 2973–2990. doi:10.18632/aging.101603. PMC 6224248. PMID 30362959.
- ^ a b Bai, Xiaojuan (2018). "Biomarkers of Aging". Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. 1086: 217–234. doi:10.1007/978-981-13-1117-8_14. ISSN 0065-2598. PMID 30232762.
- ^ Ingram, D. K.; Nakamura, E.; Smucny, D.; Roth, G. S.; Lane, M. A. (2001-07-01). "Strategy for identifying biomarkers of aging in long-lived species". Experimental Gerontology. 36 (7): 1025–1034. doi:10.1016/S0531-5565(01)00110-3. ISSN 0531-5565.
- ^ Field, Adam E.; Robertson, Neil A.; Wang, Tina; Havas, Aaron; Ideker, Trey; Adams, Peter D. (2018-09-20). "DNA Methylation Clocks in Aging: Categories, Causes, and Consequences". Molecular cell. 71 (6): 882–895. doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2018.08.008. ISSN 1097-2765. PMC 6520108. PMID 30241605.
- ^ Wagner, Karl-Heinz; Cameron-Smith, David; Wessner, Barbara; Franzke, Bernhard (2016-06-02). "Biomarkers of Aging: From Function to Molecular Biology". Nutrients. 8 (6). doi:10.3390/nu8060338. ISSN 2072-6643. PMC 4924179. PMID 27271660.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ Putin, Evgeny; Mamoshina, Polina; Aliper, Alexander; Korzinkin, Mikhail; Moskalev, Alexey; Kolosov, Alexey; Ostrovskiy, Alexander; Cantor, Charles; Vijg, Jan; Zhavoronkov, Alex (05 2016). "Deep biomarkers of human aging: Application of deep neural networks to biomarker development". Aging. 8 (5): 1021–1033. doi:10.18632/aging.100968. ISSN 1945-4589. PMC 4931851. PMID 27191382.
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