User:TurtlePond20/Ecosystem collapse/Bibliography

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Bibliography

This is where you will compile the bibliography for your Wikipedia assignment.

• This article is about methods for assessing ecosystem risk. Since risk-assessment is such an important part of studying ecosystem collapse, there are various methods for doing so, and this paper makes the argument that multiple should be used together to create the most accurate risk assessment models. More specifically, it discusses risk assessment protocols in reference to the IUCN Red List of Ecosystems and stochastic ecosystem modeling. They propose that the stochastic ecosystem modeling will contextualize individual ecosystems that are being assessed with the IUCN RED protocols, by taking into account past ecosystem dynamics as well as predicting future ones. The study uses the Meso-American Reef as a case study, as the ecosystem is potentially at the risk of mass bleaching from the effects of ocean acidification, hurricanes, pollution, and fishing ^[1].
• This is a book that focuses on the developing relationship between ecosystem collapse and anthropogenic climate change. I say ‘anthropogenic’ because they specifically mention that natural ecosystem collapse has happened frequently throughout Earth’s history in response to both gradual and rapid climate changes. This natural relationship between systems was integral to the evolution and dynamics of the biosphere and marine environments over time. However, it is also undeniable that human-cased climate change has accelerated and intensified climate events/extremes from the excessive burning of fossil fuels, land clearing, and food production since the industrial revolution. In turn, changes in ecosystem dynamics have similarly accelerated and intensified^[2].
• This article outlines how long-term and persistent human activity end up gradually changing the ecosystems they effect. Their main points are about loss of diversity and general stability within a system, with disturbances directly reducing functional attributes like invasion resistance biodiversity related resilience. Seeing as these are the traits that tend to keep systems healthy and functioning, their deterioration has an obviously negative effect, and can often lead to ecosystem collapse. They then attempt to show this relationship in a case study done on a pyrogenic grassland that has experience fire suppression for the last 150 years or so. The system has been altered by humans to be species poor, highly productive, resilient to yearly climate fluctuations, and resistant to invasion. However, it is extremely vulnerable to fire because of the lack of native plant diversity (which originally functioned to buffer natural fires), and is thus extremely susceptible to collapse. This study ultimately shows the importance of biodiversity as a means of stability in ecosystems, and how continuously effecting one (either directly through disturbance or indirectly through climate change) damages the other as well. ^[3]
• ^[4]
• ^[5]

References

1. Bland, Lucie M.; Regan, Tracey J.; Dinh, Minh Ngoc; Ferrari, Renata; Keith, David A.; Lester, Rebecca; Mouillot, David; Murray, Nicholas J.; Nguyen, Hoang Anh; Nicholson, Emily (2017-09-20). "Using multiple lines of evidence to assess the risk of ecosystem collapse". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 284 (1863): 20170660. doi:10.1098/rspb.2017.0660. ISSN 0962-8452.
2. Canadell, Josep G.; Jackson, Robert B. (2021), "Ecosystem Collapse and Climate Change: An Introduction", Ecosystem Collapse and Climate Change, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 1–9, retrieved 2021-12-07
3. MacDougall, A. S.; McCann, K. S.; Gellner, G.; Turkington, R. (2013-02-07). "Diversity loss with persistent human disturbance increases vulnerability to ecosystem collapse". Nature. 494 (7435): 86–89. doi:10.1038/nature11869. ISSN 0028-0836.
4. Sato, Chloe F.; Lindenmayer, David B. (2018-01). "Meeting the Global Ecosystem Collapse Challenge: Practical challenges in predicting collapse". Conservation Letters. 11 (1): e12348. doi:10.1111/conl.12348. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
5. Newton, Adrian C.; Britton, Robert; Davies, Kimberley; Diaz, Anita; Franklin, Daniel J.; Herbert, Roger J.H.; Hill, Ross A.; Hodder, Kathy; Jones, Georgia; Korstjens, Amanda H.; Lamb, Annesia (2021-12). "Operationalising the concept of ecosystem collapse for conservation practice". Biological Conservation. 264: 109366. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2021.109366. ISSN 0006-3207. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)