Since gaining independence in 1980, Zimbabwe has been a member state of the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) and has adhered to a policy of active nonalignment.[1] Harare, capital city of Zimbabwe, hosted the 8th Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement in 1986.[2] The country hold the chairmanship of the movement between 1986 and 1989.[3] Prior to independence, support for decolonization and the establishment of black majority rule in Rhodesia were among central issues on the agenda of the Non-Aligned Movement.
History
editPre-independence
editAt the 2nd Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement in Cairo, Egypt participating countries condemned the repressive policies of the racist minority regime in Southern Rhodesia, which violated United Nations resolutions and denied fundamental freedoms.[4] The conference urged all states to reject any independence declared under minority rule and instead consider recognizing an African nationalist government in exile, if established.[4] The following 3rd Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement was organized in Lusaka, Zambia, one of the Frontline States. The ___location for the conference was in part selected in order to support Zambia whose sovereignty and borders were threatened by Rhodesia and Apartheid era South Africa.[5][6]
1980s
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Following Zimbabwe's independence in 1980 and country's selection to host the 8th Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement in 1986, the Yugoslav construction company Energoprojekt was selected to implement its largest project to date—the design and construction of a Congress Center and the Sheraton Hotel in Harare.[7] The same company previously built the venue for the 3rd Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement in neighbouring Zambia.[8] Initially designed for 2,500 seats, the project was modified at the request of Zimbabwe's prime minister Robert Mugabe, who envisioned hosting a NAM summit in the facility.[7] The city of Harare was selected to host the summit at the 1985 Non-Aligned Foreign Ministers Conference in Luanda, Angola.[9][10][11]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "U.S. Relations With Zimbabwe". Bureau of African Affairs. 28 January 2022.
- ^ Summary of the 8th Heads of State Summit, Harare, Zimbabwe (1986) (PDF) (Report). James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies. 2012.
- ^ "Zimbabwe". Uganda’s NAM Chairmanship 2024-2027. n.d.
- ^ a b "Final Document – Section on Nuclear Disarmament and Related Issues" (PDF). James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies. James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies. 10 September 1964.
- ^ Bogetić, Dragan (2018). "Doprinos konferencije u Lusaki 1970. institucionalizaciji saradnje nesvrstanih zemalja i njihovom reaktiviranju u međunarodnim odnosima" [Contribution of the Conference in Lusaka 1970 to the Institutionalization of Cooperation of Non-Aligned Countries and their Reactivation in International Relations]. Istorija 20. Veka. 36 (1). Institute for Contemporary History, Belgrade: 161–178. doi:10.29362/IST20VEKA.2018.1.BOG.161-178.
- ^ Othman, Haroub (1983). The Evolution of the Non-Aligned Movement: Conceptual Orientations and Basic Issues. Cairo Papers in Social Science.
- ^ a b "Југославија, Тито и несврстани: Како је социјалистичка архитектура освојила Африку". BBC in Serbian. 28 May 2020.
- ^ Tvrtko Jakovina (2011). Treća strana Hladnog rata [The Third Side of the Cold War] (in Croatian). Fraktura. ISBN 978-953-266-203-0.
- ^ Morphet, S. (1989). "The Non-Aligned Movement and the Foreign Ministers' Meeting At Nicosia". International Relations. 9 (5): 393–405. doi:10.1177/004711788900900502. S2CID 144239760.
- ^ Diplomacy at the Highest Level: The Evolution of International Summitry. Macmillan Press LTD. 1996. p. 150. ISBN 978-1-349-24917-6.
- ^ Glement, Nnamdi Okolie (1990). SUPER POWERS AND THE NON-ALIGNED MOVEMENT I970-1986 (Doctoral Thesis). Aligarh Muslim University. Retrieved 8 April 2023.