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Utente:Adert/SandBox3

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Versione del 9 apr 2011 alle 21:33 di Adert (discussione | contributi)
Elementi Volo Veicolo del lancio Data del lancio
(GMT) 		Lunghezza
(m) 		Diametro o Larghezza
(m) 		Massa
(kg) 		Immagine Note
Zarja 1 A/R Proton 20 novembre 1998 12,6 4,1 19 323 [1]
Unity 2A - STS-88 Endeavour 4 dicembre 1998 5,49 4,57 11 612 [2]
Zvezda 1R Proton 12 luglio 2000 13,1 4,15 19 050 [3]
Z1 Truss 3A - STS-92 Discovery 11 ottobre 2000 4,9 4,2 8 755 [4]
P6 Truss - Pannelli solari* [5] 4A - STS-97 Endeavour 30 novembre 2000 4,9 4,9 7 700
Destiny 5A - STS-98 Atlantis 7 febbraio 2001 8,53 4,27 14 515 [6]
Canadarm2 6A - STS-100 Endeavour 19 aprile 2001 17,6 0,35 4 899
Joint Airlock 7A - STS-104 Atlantis 12 luglio 2001 5,5 4,0 6 064 [7]
Docking Compartment - Pirs Airlock 4R Soyuz 14 settembre 2001 4,1 2,6 3 900
S0 Truss 8A - STS-110 Atlantis 8 aprile 2002 13,4 4,6 13 971 [8]
Mobile Base System UF-2 - STS-111 Endeavour 5 luglio 2002 5,7 2,9 1 450
S1 Truss 9A - STS-112 Atlantis 7 ottobre 2002 13,7 4,6 14 124 [9]
P1 Truss 11A - STS-113 Endeavour 24 novembre 2002 13,7 4,6 14 003
External Stowage Platform (ESP-2) LF 1 - STS-114 Discovery 26 luglio 2005 4,9 3,65 2 676 [10]
P3/P4 Truss - Pannelli Solari 12A - STS-115 Atlantis 9 settembre 2006 13,7 5,0 16 183
P5 Truss [11] 12A.1 - STS-116 Discovery 10 dicembre 2006 3,4 4,6 1 864 [12]
S3/S4 Truss - Pannelli Solari [13] 13A - STS-117 Atlantis 8 giugno 2007 13,7 5,0 16 183
External Stowage Platform (ESP-3) 13A.1 - STS-118 Endeavour 18 agosto 2007 4,9 3,65 2 676 [14]
S5 Truss 13A.1 - STS-118 Endeavour 8 agosto 2007 3,4 4,6 1 864 [15]
Harmony Node 2 10A - STS-120 Discovery 24 ottobre 2007 7,2 4,4 14 288 [16]
Columbus 1E - STS-122 Atlantis 7 febbraio 2008 6,8 4,4 10 300/19 300 [17][18]
Japanese Experiment Module - ELM PS 1J/A - STS-123 Endeavour 11 marzo 2008 4,2 4,4 8 386 [19]
Japanese Logistic Module - JLM-PM 1J - STS-124 Discovery 31 maggio 2008 11,19 4,39 14 800 [19][20]
S6 Truss - Pannelli Solari 15A - STS-119 Discovery 20 marzo 2009 73,2 10,7 15 900
Japanese Experiment Module - ELM-EF 2J/A - STS-127 Endeavour 15 luglio 2009 5,6 5 4 000
Poisk - MRM2 5R Soyuz-U 10 novembre 2009 4,05 2,55 3 670 [21][22]
Node 3 e Cupola 20A - STS-130 Endeavour 8 febbraio 2010 6,7 4,5 17380 [23][24][25]
Mini-Research Module 1 ULF4 - STS-132 Atlantis 14 maggio 2010 6 2,35 5 075 [26]
Leonardo - PMM ULF5 - STS-133 Discovery 24 febbraio 2011 6,4 4,57 4 100 [27][28][29]

Nuovo

Pressurised modules

When completed in late 2011, the ISS will consist of sixteen pressurised modules with a combined volume of around 1 000 metri cubi (35 000 cu ft).[senza fonte] These modules include laboratories, docking compartments, airlocks, nodes and living quarters. Fifteen of these components are already in orbit, with the remaining two awaiting launch. Each module was or will be launched either by the Space Shuttle, Proton rocket or Soyuz rocket.[30]

Module Assembly mission Launch date Launch system Nation Isolated view Notes
Zarya

(lit. dawn)
(FGB) 		1A/R 20 November 1998 Proton-K Russia (builder)
USA (financier) 		  [31]
The first component of the ISS to be launched, Zarya provided electrical power, storage, propulsion, and guidance during initial assembly. The module now serves as a storage compartment, both inside the pressurised section and in the externally mounted fuel tanks.
Unity
(Node 1) 		2A 4 December 1998 Space Shuttle Template:OV, STS-88 USA   [32]
The first node module, connecting the American section of the station to the Russian section (via PMA-1), and providing berthing locations for the Z1 truss, Quest airlock, Destiny laboratory, Tranquility node and the PMM Leonardo.
Zvezda
(lit. star)
(service module) 		1R 12 July 2000 Proton-K Russia   [33]
The station's service module, which provides the main living quarters for resident crews, environmental systems and attitude & orbit control. The module also provides docking locations for Soyuz spacecraft, Progress spacecraft and the Automated Transfer Vehicle, and its addition rendered the ISS permanently habitable for the first time.
Destiny
(US laboratory) 		5A 7 February 2001 Space Shuttle Template:OV, STS-98 USA   [34]
The primary research facility for US payloads aboard the ISS, Destiny is intended for general experiments. The module houses 24 International Standard Payload Racks, some of which are used for environmental systems and crew daily living equipment. Destiny also serves as the mounting point for most of the station's Integrated Truss Structure.
Quest
(joint airlock) 		7A 12 July 2001 Space Shuttle Atlantis, STS-104 USA   [35]
The primary airlock for the ISS, Quest hosts spacewalks with both US EMU and Russian Orlan spacesuits. Quest consists of two segments; the equipment lock, that stores spacesuits and equipment, and the crew lock, from which astronauts can exit into space.
Pirs
(lit. pier)
(docking compartment) 		4R 14 September 2001 Soyuz-U, Progress M-SO1 Russia   [36]
Pirs provides the ISS with additional docking ports for Soyuz and Progress spacecraft, and allows egress and ingress for spacewalks by cosmonauts using Russian Orlan spacesuits, in addition to providing storage space for these spacesuits.
Harmony
(node 2) 		10A 23 October 2007 Space Shuttle Template:OV, STS-120 Europe (builder)
USA (operator) 		  [37]
The second of the station's node modules, Harmony is the utility hub of the ISS. The module contains four racks that provide electrical power, bus electronic data, and acts as a central connecting point for several other components via its six Common Berthing Mechanisms (CBMs). The European Columbus and Japanese Kibō laboratories are permanently berthed to the module, and American Space Shuttle Orbiters dock with the ISS via PMA-2, attached to Harmony's forward port. In addition, the module serves as a berthing port for the Italian Multi-Purpose Logistics Modules during shuttle logistics flights.
Columbus
(European laboratory) 		1E 7 February 2008 Space Shuttle Atlantis, STS-122 Europe   [38][39]
The primary research facility for European payloads aboard the ISS, Columbus provides a generic laboratory as well as facilities specifically designed for biology, biomedical research and fluid physics. Several mounting locations are affixed to the exterior of the module, which provide power and data to external experiments such as the European Technology Exposure Facility (EuTEF), Solar Monitoring Observatory, Materials International Space Station Experiment, and Atomic Clock Ensemble in Space. A number of expansions are planned for the module to study quantum physics and cosmology.
Kibō Experiment Logistics Module
(lit. hope and wish JEM–ELM) 		1J/A 11 March 2008 Space Shuttle Endeavour, STS-123 Japan   [19]
Part of the Kibō Japanese Experiment Module laboratory, the ELM provides storage and transportation facilities to the laboratory with a pressurised section to serve internal payloads.
Kibō Pressurised Module
(JEM–PM) 		1J 31 May 2008 Space Shuttle Discovery, STS-124 Japan   [19][40]
Part of the Kibō Japanese Experiment Module laboratory, the PM is the core module of Kibō to which the ELM and Exposed Facility are berthed. The laboratory is the largest single ISS module and contains a total of 23 racks, including 10 experiment racks. The module is used to carry out research in space medicine, biology, Earth observations, materials production, biotechnology, and communications research. The PM also serves as the mounting ___location for an external platform, the Exposed Facility (EF), that allows payloads to be directly exposed to the harsh space environment. The EF is serviced by the module's own robotic arm, the JEM–RMS, which is mounted on the PM.
Poisk
(lit. 'search')
(mini-research module 2) 		5R 10 November 2009 Soyuz-U, Progress M-MIM2 Russia   [21][22]
One of the Russian ISS components, Poisk is used for docking of Soyuz and Progress ships, as an airlock for spacewalks and as an interface for scientific experiments.
Tranquility
(node 3) 		20A 8 February 2010 Space Shuttle Endeavour, STS-130 Europe (builder)
USA (operator) 		  [41][42]
The third and last of the station's US nodes, Tranquility contains an advanced life support system to recycle waste water for crew use and generate oxygen for the crew to breathe. The node also provides four berthing locations for more attached pressurised modules or crew transportation vehicles, in addition to the permanent berthing ___location for the station's Cupola.
Cupola 20A 8 February 2010 Space Shuttle Endeavour, STS-130 Europe (builder)
USA (operator) 		  [43]
The Cupola is an observatory module that provides ISS crew members with a direct view of robotic operations and docked spacecraft, as well as an observation point for watching the Earth. The module comes equipped with robotic workstations for operating the SSRMS and shutters to protect its windows from damage caused by micrometeorites. It features a 80-centimetro (31 in) round window, the largest window on the station.
Rassvet
(lit. dawn)
(mini-research module 1) 		ULF4 14 May 2010 Space Shuttle Atlantis, STS-132 Russia   [26]
Rassvet is being used for docking and cargo storage aboard the station.
Leonardo
(Permanent Multipurpose Module) 		ULF5 24 February 2011 Space Shuttle Discovery, STS-133 Italy (Builder)
USA (Operator) 		  [27][28][44]
The Leonardo PMM will house spare parts and supplies, allowing longer times between resupply missions and freeing space in other modules, particularly Columbus. The PMM was created by converting the Italian Leonardo Multi-Purpose Logistics Module into a module that could be permanently attached to the station. The arrival of the PMM module marked the completion of the US Orbital Segment.

Scheduled to be launched

Module Assembly mission Launch date Launch system Nation Isolated view Notes
Nauka
(lit. 'science')
(Multipurpose Laboratory Module) 		3R May 2012[45] Proton-M Russia   [26][46]
The MLM will be Russia's primary research module as part of the ISS and will be used for general microgravity experiments, docking, and cargo logistics. The module provides a crew work and rest area, and will be equipped with a backup attitude control system that can be used to control the station's attitude. Based on the current assembly schedule, the arrival of Nauka will complete construction of the Russian Orbital Segment and it will be the last major component added to the station.

Cancelled modules

 
The prototype X-38 lifting body, the cancelled ISS Crew Return Vehicle

Several modules planned for the station have been cancelled over the course of the ISS programme, whether for budgetary reasons, because the modules became unnecessary, or following a redesign of the station after the 2003 Columbia disaster. The cancelled modules include:


Note)ì

  1. ^ Zarya Module, su nasa.gov, NASA, 14 October 2008. URL consultato il 7 December 2009.
  2. ^ Unity Connecting Module: Cornerstone for a Home in Orbit (PDF), su spaceflight.nasa.gov, NASA, January 1999. URL consultato l'11 March 2009.
  3. ^ Zvezda Service Module, su nasa.gov, NASA, 11 March 2009. URL consultato l'11 March 2009.
  4. ^ Zarya Module, su nasa.gov, NASA, 14 October 2008. URL consultato il 7 December 2009.
  5. ^ P6 Integrated Truss Structure, NASA Human Spaceflight
  6. ^ NASA—US Destiny Laboratory, su nasa.gov, NASA, 26 March 2007. URL consultato il 26 June 2007.
  7. ^ Space Station Extravehicular Activity, su spaceflight.nasa.gov, NASA, 4 April 2004. URL consultato l'11 March 2009.
  8. ^ Zarya Module, su nasa.gov, NASA, 14 October 2008. URL consultato il 7 December 2009.
  9. ^ Zarya Module, su nasa.gov, NASA, 14 October 2008. URL consultato il 7 December 2009.
  10. ^ Zarya Module, su nasa.gov, NASA, 14 October 2008. URL consultato il 7 December 2009.
  11. ^ NASA, STS-116 Press Kit (PDF), su nasa.gov.
  12. ^ Zarya Module, su nasa.gov, NASA, 14 October 2008. URL consultato il 7 December 2009.
  13. ^ NASA, STS-117 Press Kit (PDF), su nasa.gov.
  14. ^ Zarya Module, su nasa.gov, NASA, 14 October 2008. URL consultato il 7 December 2009.
  15. ^ Zarya Module, su nasa.gov, NASA, 14 October 2008. URL consultato il 7 December 2009.
  16. ^ Harmony Node 2, su nasa.gov, NASA, 26 September 2007. URL consultato il 28 March 2009.
  17. ^ Chris Bergin, PRCB plan STS-122 for NET Feb 7—three launches in 10–11 weeks, NASASpaceflight.com, 10 January 2008. URL consultato il 12 January 2008.
  18. ^ Columbus laboratory, su esa.int, European Space Agency (ESA), 10 January 2009. URL consultato il 6 March 2009.
  19. ^ a b c d NASA—Kibo Japanese Experiment Module, su nasa.gov, NASA, 23 November 2007. URL consultato il 28 March 2009.
  20. ^ About Kibo, su kibo.jaxa.jp, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), 25 September 2008. URL consultato il 6 March 2009.
  21. ^ a b Anatoly Zak, Docking Compartment-1 and 2, su russianspaceweb.com. URL consultato il 26 March 2009.
  22. ^ a b Chris Bergin, Russian module launches via Soyuz for Thursday ISS docking, su nasaspaceflight.com, 10 November 2009. URL consultato il 10 November 2009.
  23. ^ Robert Z. Pearlman, NASA Names Space Module After Moon Base, Not Stephen Colbert, su space.com, 15 April 2009. URL consultato il 15 April 2009.
  24. ^ Node 3: Connecting Module, su esa.int, European Space Agency (ESA), 23 February 2009. URL consultato il 28 March 2009.
  25. ^ Cupola, su esa.int, European Space Agency (ESA), 16 January 2009. URL consultato il 28 March 2009.
  26. ^ a b c Errore nelle note: Errore nell'uso del marcatore <ref>: non è stato indicato alcun testo per il marcatore Manifest
  27. ^ a b Chris Gebhardt, STS-133 refined to a five crew, one EVA mission—will leave MPLM on ISS, NASASpaceflight.com, 5 August 2009.
  28. ^ a b Jonathan Amos, Europe looks to buy Soyuz craft, BBC News, 29 August 2009.
  29. ^ Shuttle Q&A Part 5, su forum.nasaspaceflight.com, NASASpaceflight.com, 27 September 2009. URL consultato il 12 October 2009.
  30. ^ HSF: ISS assembly sequence and on-orbit configuration, su esamultimedia.esa.int, European Space Agency (ESA). URL consultato il 6 March 2009.
  31. ^ Zarya Module, su nasa.gov, NASA, 14 October 2008. URL consultato il 7 December 2009.
  32. ^ Unity Connecting Module: Cornerstone for a Home in Orbit (PDF), su spaceflight.nasa.gov, NASA, January 1999. URL consultato l'11 March 2009.
  33. ^ Zvezda Service Module, su nasa.gov, NASA, 11 March 2009. URL consultato l'11 March 2009.
  34. ^ NASA—US Destiny Laboratory, su nasa.gov, NASA, 26 March 2007. URL consultato il 26 June 2007.
  35. ^ Space Station Extravehicular Activity, su spaceflight.nasa.gov, NASA, 4 April 2004. URL consultato l'11 March 2009.
  36. ^ Pirs Docking Compartment, su nasa.gov, NASA, 10 May 2006. URL consultato il 28 March 2009.
  37. ^ Harmony Node 2, su nasa.gov, NASA, 26 September 2007. URL consultato il 28 March 2009.
  38. ^ Chris Bergin, PRCB plan STS-122 for NET Feb 7—three launches in 10–11 weeks, NASASpaceflight.com, 10 January 2008. URL consultato il 12 January 2008.
  39. ^ Columbus laboratory, su esa.int, European Space Agency (ESA), 10 January 2009. URL consultato il 6 March 2009.
  40. ^ About Kibo, su kibo.jaxa.jp, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), 25 September 2008. URL consultato il 6 March 2009.
  41. ^ Robert Z. Pearlman, NASA Names Space Module After Moon Base, Not Stephen Colbert, su space.com, 15 April 2009. URL consultato il 15 April 2009.
  42. ^ Node 3: Connecting Module, su esa.int, European Space Agency (ESA), 23 February 2009. URL consultato il 28 March 2009.
  43. ^ Cupola, su esa.int, European Space Agency (ESA), 16 January 2009. URL consultato il 28 March 2009.
  44. ^ Shuttle Q&A Part 5, su forum.nasaspaceflight.com, NASASpaceflight.com, 27 September 2009. URL consultato il 12 October 2009.
  45. ^ Consolidated Launch Manifest, su nasa.gov, NASA. URL consultato il 1º March 2011.
  46. ^ FGB-based Multipurpose Lab Module (MLM), su khrunichev.ru, Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Centre. URL consultato il 31 October 2008 (archiviato dall'url originale il 27 September 2007).
  47. ^ Where is the Centrifuge Accommodation Module (CAM)?, su forum.nasaspaceflight.com, NASASpaceflight.com. URL consultato il 12 October 2009.
  48. ^ Tariq Malik, NASA Recycles Former ISS Module for Life Support Research, su space.com, 14 February 2006. URL consultato l'11 March 2009.
  49. ^ E. D. Graf, The X-38 and Crew Return Vehicle Programmes (PDF), in ESA Bulletin 101, European Space Agency, February 2000. URL consultato il 4 October 2009.
  50. ^ ICM Interim Control Module, su code8200.nrl.navy.mil, U.S. Naval Center for Space Technology (archiviato dall'url originale l'8 February 2007).
  51. ^ a b Anatoly Zak, Russian segment of the ISS, su russianspaceweb.com. URL consultato il 3 October 2009.
  52. ^ Russian Research Modules, su boeing.com, Boeing. URL consultato il 21 June 2009.
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